List of dinosaur specimens sold at auction

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Many dinosaur specimens have been sold at auction, as part of the fossil trade. On average, around five dinosaur skeletons are put up for auction each year.[1] These specimens are mostly purchased by wealthy private collectors and museums in Europe and the United States, though interest has been growing in China as well.[1] The private sale of fossils has attracted criticism from paleontologists, as it presents an obstacle to fossils being publicly accessible to research.[2]

Most countries where relatively complete dinosaur specimens are commonly found have laws against the export of fossils. The United States allows the sale of specimens collected on private property. As such, the majority of dinosaur fossils sold at auction were collected in the United States.[3] However, smuggled specimens, particularly from Mongolia, also appear at auctions, often with falsified information on their source.[4]

This list includes both specimens sold at auction and specimens that were scheduled to be sold at auction that have received news coverage.

Table[]

Sortable table
Name (Spec #) Taxon Reported material Discovery Auction Notes Images Source
Date Country of origin Notes Auction House Date Location Sale price (USD) Purchaser
Original Adjusted[5]
Unidentifed Nest with 10 eggs c. 1990  China Bonhams September 15, 1993 London $76,000 $144,273.77 Anonymous American buyer Collector also bought a set of 5 eggs at same auction for $18,750. [6][7]
Sue[a] (FMNH PR 2081) Tyrannosaurus rex 90% of a skeleton 1990  United States August 12, 1990, by Sue Hendrickson in the Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota. Excavated by Hendrickson and the Black Hills Institute. Sotheby's October 4, 1997 New York City $8,362,500[b] $13,481,584 Field Museum of Natural History Now displayed at the Field Museum of Natural History. Most complete known specimen of Tyrannosaurus,[8] and among the largest.[9] Most expensive fossil sold until the sale of Stan in 2020.
Trex Sue FMNH.jpg
 [10]
Barnum Tyrannosaurus rex 20% of a skeleton 1995  United States Collected by Japeth Boyce in Wyoming Bonhams May 16, 2004 Los Angeles $93,250[c] $127,767 Reported to potentially be the same individual as the first T. rex specimen ever discovered, now at the Natural History Museum, London. [11][12]
Unidentified Nest with 22 eggs 1984  China Guangdong Bonhams December 3, 2006 Los Angeles $420,000 $539,178 Sale later cancelled and seized by customs agents. [13][14]
Tarbosaurus bataar Skull  Mongolia I. M. Chait March 25, 2007 New York City $270,000[d] $336,991 Nicolas Cage Specimen determined to have been illegally exported; the owner, actor Nicolas Cage, surrendered the specimen to authorities for repatriation to Mongolia in 2015 [15][16][2][17]
Triceratops Skull Maynards January 8, 2009 Vancouver $66 500[e] $85,027.83 Originated from the collection of a Japanese department store. Sold significantly below estimates. [18][19][20][21]
Edmontosaurus $150,000 $191,792 Originated from the collection of a Japanese department store. Sold significantly below estimates.
Triceratops 80% complete skull  United States North Dakota Bonhams June 1, 2009 New York City $242,000 $291,924 [22][23]
Alioramus remotus Skull "Central Asia" (presumably Mongolia) $206,000 $248,497 [22][24]
Edmontosaurus 90% complete skeleton Prior to 1991  United States Found near Ruth Mason Ranch near Faith, South Dakota Bonhams October 3, 2009 Las Vegas $458,000 $585,605 [25][26][27]
Allosaurus Skeleton  United States Wyoming Sotheby's October 5, 2010 Paris $1,815,450[f] $2,283,799.07 Said to originate from an old German colleciton [28][29]
Fighting Pair Allosaurus + Stegosaurus Stegosaurus: 75%–80% of a skeleton; incorporates elements of second specimen. Allosaurus: mostly complete, including complete skull 2007  United States 2007, Dana Quarry, Wyoming Heritage Auctions June 12, 2011 Dallas $2,748,000 $3,161,420 A carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaur preserved together. Purchased by a museum. [30][31][32][33]
Triceratops "Virtually complete" skeleton along with a skull 2004  United States Found in South Dakota, the skull and skeleton were found 750 ft apart, and it is not clear that they belong to the same individual $657,250 $756,129 Auctioned in the same sale as "Fighting Pair" [32][34]
Tarbosaurus bataar Skeleton  Mongolia Heritage Auctions May 20, 2012 New York City $1,050,000 $1,183,628 Sale later withdrawn. Subject of the legal case United States v. One Tyrannosaurus Bataar Skeleton and subsequently returned to Mongolia. [35][36]
Misty Diplodocus Skeleton 2009  United States Dana Quarry, Wyoming Summers Place November 27, 2013 Billingshurst $652,000[g] $767,738.77 Natural History Museum of Denmark [37][38][39][40]
Freya Hypacrosaurus Skeleton  United States Montana Summers Place June 7, 2016 Billingshurst $178,200[h] $203,669.23 [41][42]
Kan Allosaurus Skeleton 2013  United States Harlan Ranch, Johnson County, Wyoming Drouot December 10, 2016 Paris $1,155,000[i] $1,320,078.37 Kleber Rossillon Sold to Kleber Rossillon, on display at the Château de Marqueyssac. [43][44][45][46]
Triceratops Skull  United States Wyoming Drouot March 7, 2017 Paris $188,000 $198,490 [47][48]
Diplodocus/Kaatedocus[j] Skeleton  United States Eastern Big Horn Mountains, Johnson County, Wyoming Drouot April 11, 2018 Paris $1,771,200[k] $1,934,863.91 Filipino Businessman[49] Sold alongside an Allosaurus, both sold to same collector [1][50][51]
Allosaurus 60% complete skeleton[52]  United States Eastern Big Horn Mountains, Johnson County, Wyoming Paris $1,734,300[l] $1,894,554.25 Sold alongside a Diplodocus, both sold to same collector [1][50][53]
Allosaurus 70% of a skeleton 2013  United States 2013 in Wyoming Drouot June 4, 2018 Paris $2,340,000[m] $2,556,222.65 Potentially represents a new species [54]
Maximus Thescelosaurus 70%–75% of skeleton, including parts of skull 2018  United States 2018 in the Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota Piguet September 24, 2019 Geneva $226,000[n] $229,000 [55][56][57]
Stan[o] (BHI 3033) Tyrannosaurus rex 70% of a skeleton 1987  United States Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota. Found by Stan Sacrison in 1987, and excavated by the Black Hills Institute in 1992. Christie's October 6, 2020 New York City $31,800,000 $31,800,000 Abu Dhabi[58] Most expensive fossil ever sold. Sale did not include rights to reproduction, which were retained by Black Hills Institute of Geological Research. Numerous replicas are exhibited in museums worldwide.
Stan -T.rex fossill and MOR555 - cast by Volkan Yuksel DSC06441 (cropped).jpg
 [59]
Allosaurus Skeleton 2016  United States Wyoming Drouot October 13, 2020 Paris $3,466,000[p] $3,466,000 [60]
Big John[q] Triceratops 60% of a skeleton, including 75% of skull 2014  United States Found by Walter Stein in May 2014, in the Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota. Excavation complete by August 2015. Drouot October 21, 2021 Paris $7,740,000[r] $7,740,000 Anonymous private collector from the United States Certified by Guinness World Records as the largest known Triceratops skeleton,[62] with a skull reconstructed to be 2.62 metres (8.6 ft) long. Most expensive Triceratops sold, and most expensive fossil sold in Europe.
Big John triceratops sold at auction in Paris.jpg
 [63][61]

Specimens planned to be auctioned[]

Some specimens planned to be auctioned did not sell, due to failing to meet the reserve price, legal challenges, or other obstacles. This list also includes specimens whose planned auction was announced, but for which information on whether it was sold is not available.

Sortable table
Name (Spec #) Taxon Material Discovery Auction Notes Images Source
Date Country of origin Notes Auction House Date Location
Z-Rex Tyrannosaurus 1992  United States South Dakota eBay December 1999 N/A Disrupted by prank bidders [64][65]
Millionaire.com January 2000
Conchoraptor  China Guernsey's June 2004 New York City Failed to receive a single bid. [66][67]
Stygimoloch Largely complete skull  United States Near Gumbo Butte, Montana Failed to meet reserve price [67]
Triceratops 2004  United States North Dakota Christie's April 2008 Paris Failed to meet reserve price, subsequently purchased by an American collector
Triceratops chez Christie's - 15 avril 2008.JPG
 [68][69][70]
Dryosaurus 1993  United States Wyoming I. M. Chait March 2009 New York City Failed to meet reserve price. Subsequently purchased by businessman John S. Middleton and donated to the Beneski Museum of Natural History at Amherst College. Reported to be one of the most complete Dryosaurus specimens. [71][72][73][74]
Samson Tyrannosaurus 55% complete skeleton Prior to 1994  United States Near Buffalo, South Dakota Bonhams October 2009 Las Vegas Failed to meet reserve price at auction, subsequently purchased by an undisclosed buyer
Sampson Tyrannosaurus.jpg
 [25][75][76]
Prosaurolophus Skeleton with mummified skin Sotheby's October 2011 Paris Failed to meet reserve price [77][78][79]
CLOVER Le Combattant Tenontosaurus Largely complete skeleton 2008  United States Montana [77][80][78][79]
Suuwassea [77]
Triceratops Skull [77]
Dueling Dinosaurs Tyrannosaurus + Triceratops 2006  United States Montana Bonhams November 2013 New York City Failed to meet reserve price [81]
Dragon King Triceratops 95% complete skull  United States Montana. First spotted by landowner Ray Novakovich in 1992, but not excavated until 2003. Evolved LTD 2015 Hong Kong Reported in 2015 to be largest known Triceratops skull, at 2.8 metres (9.2 ft) long. Unclear if the specimen was sold. [82][83]
Little Al Allosaurus Juvenile skeleton 2009  United States Wyoming Summers Place November 2015 Billingshurst Failed to meet reserve price [40][84][85]
Stegosaurus 2010  United States Wyoming Auctionata June 2016 Berlin Failed to meet reserve price [86]
Allosaurus 55% of a skeleton  United States Artcurial November 2018 Paris Failed to meet reserve price [87][88][89]
Camptosaurus 90% complete  United States Wyoming Failed to meet reserve price [87][88][89]
Ornitholestes + Othnielia Two skeletons mounted in a combat pose  United States Johnson County, Wyoming Drouot April 2019 Paris Failed to meet reserve price [90][91][92]
Hypacrosaurus Adult and juvenile skeleton  United States Glacier County, Montana [90][93][92]
Skinny Diplodocidae 90% of skeleton, with preserved patches of skin 2012  United States Wyoming Drouot June 2019 Paris Potentially a new species. Displayed in Heathrow Airport in April–May 2019, prior to auction. Failed to meet reserve price. [94][95]
Diplodocus 2008  United States Dana Quarry, Wyoming Emirates Auction August–September 2019 Dubai Originally at The Dubai Mall, no bidders [96][97]

See also[]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ Named in honor of the discoverer
  2. ^ Price includes buyer's premium, winning bid of $7,600,000
  3. ^ Price includes buyer's premium, winning bid of $80,000
  4. ^ Includes buyer's premium; winning bid was $230,000
  5. ^ $70,000 Canadian dollars, reported as $60,000 USD in US sources.
  6. ^ €1,296,750
  7. ^ £400,000
  8. ^ £132,000 inc. buyers premium
  9. ^ €1.1m
  10. ^ Stated to be a Kaatedocus specimen in the auction listing, but reported as a Diplodocus specimen in news coverage
  11. ^ €1.44m
  12. ^ €1.41m
  13. ^ €2m
  14. ^ 225,000 CHF
  15. ^ Named in honor of the discoverer
  16. ^ €3 million
  17. ^ Named in honor of the owner of the land where the specimen was collected[61]
  18. ^ €6.65m

References[]

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