List of films of the Dutch East Indies

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A poster with Malay-language text, reading Loetoeng Kasaroeng in large letters; an image is also visible.
Film poster for Loetoeng Kasaroeng, the first locally produced film released in the Dutch East Indies

A total of 112 fictional films are known to have been produced in the Dutch East Indies (modern day Indonesia) between 1926 and the colony's dissolution in 1949. The earliest motion pictures, imported from abroad, were shown in late 1900,[1] and by the early 1920s imported serials and fictional films were being shown, often with localised names.[2] Dutch companies were also producing documentary films about the Indies to be shown in the Netherlands.[3] The first reports of fictional film production in the Indies date from 1923, although the work in question was not completed.[4] The first locally produced film, Loetoeng Kasaroeng, was directed by L. Heuveldorp and released on 31 December 1926.[5]

Between 1926 and 1933 numerous other local productions were released. Although Dutchmen like Heuveldorp and G. Krugers continued to be active in the industry, the majority of filmmakers and producers were ethnic Chinese.[6] The Tan brothers (Khoen Yauw and Khoen Hian) and The Teng Chun were major producers during this period, while the Wong brothers (Nelson, Othniel, and Joshua) were among the more prominent directors.[7] During the mid-1930s, production dropped as a result of the Great Depression.[8] The release of Albert Balink's commercially and critically successful Terang Boelan (Full Moon) in 1937 led to renewed interest in filmmaking,[9] and 1941 saw thirty locally produced films.[10] This rate of production declined after the Japanese occupation beginning in early 1942, closing all but one film studio;[11] this resulted in several films which had begun production in 1941 being released several years later.[12] The majority of films produced during the occupation were short propaganda pieces.[13] Following the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945 and during the ensuing revolution several films were made, by both pro-Dutch and pro-Indonesian backers; the Dutch formally recognised Indonesia's sovereignty on 27 December 1949, leaving the Dutch East Indies defunct.[14][15]

Generally films produced in the Indies dealt with traditional stories or were adapted from existing works.[16] The early films were silent, with Karnadi Anemer Bangkong (Karnadi the Frog Contractor; 1930) generally considered the first talkie;[17] later films would be in Dutch, Malay, or an indigenous language. All were black-and-white.[a][18]

According to the Indonesian film scholar Misbach Yusa Biran, the films released during this period could not be classified as truly Indonesian films as there was no sense of nationalism within them.[19] The American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider writes that all films from before 1950 are lost.[20] However, JB Kristanto's Katalog Film Indonesia (Indonesian Film Catalogue) records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia's archives,[21][22] and Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service.[23]

Pre-independence[]

Key
Year uncertain Indicates uncertain year of production
Title Year Director Cast Synopsis Ref(s).
Loetoeng Kasaroeng 1926 L. Heuveldorp Martoana, Oemar Purbararang teases her sister as the latter is dating a monkey. However, it is actually magical and, in its human form, more handsome than Purbararang's lover. [24][25]
Eulis Atjih 1927 G. Krugers Arsad, Soekria A man leaves his beautiful young wife Eulis Atjih and their child to lead a life of partying. She falls into poverty and, when he returns several years later, he is also poor. [24][26]
Lily van Java 1928 Nelson Wong Lie Lian Hoa, Lie Bouw Tan, Kwee Tiang An, Yah Kwee Pang The daughter of a rich man is forced to marry a person she does not love and secretly has a relationship with another man. [24][27]
Resia Boroboedoer 1928 Un­known Olive Young A Chinese woman follows a book to Borobudur temple to search for the ashes of Gautama Buddha. Upon failing, she becomes an ascetic. [24][28]
Setangan Berloemoer Darah 1928 Un­known Un­known Tan Hian Beng looks for his father's killer and has his vengeance using martial arts. [29]
Njai Dasima 1929 Lie Tek Swie Nurhani, Anah, Wim Lender, Momo Dasima, the mistress of a rich Englishman, is tricked into leaving him and her daughter by a greedy couple. [24][30]
Rampok Preanger 1929 Nelson Wong Ining Resmini, MS Ferry Unknown [31][32]
Si Tjonat 1929 Nelson Wong May Ku Fung, Herman Sim Tjonat escapes from Batavia after killing one of his friends. He tries to kidnap his love interest, Lie Gouw Nio, but is stopped by Thio Sing Sang. [31][33]
Karnadi Anemer Bangkong 1930 G. Krugers Un­known A comedy following the exploits of a young frog hunter named Karnadi [34][35]
Lari ke Arab 1930 Wong brothers Ining Resmini, Oemar A ne'er-do-well Javanese man tries to escape the realities of the Great Depression by running away to Mecca. [36][37]
Nancy Bikin Pembalesan 1930 Lie Tek Swie Un­known Dasima's daughter Nancy returns to the Dutch East Indies in a quest to avenge her mother's death. This leads to the murderers' deaths. [31][38]
Njai Dasima 1930 Lie Tek Swie Nurhani, Anah, Wim Lender, Momo Dasima, the former mistress of a rich Englishman, lives with the greedy couple that tricked her. When she realises that they have been dishonest, they have her killed. [31][39]
De Stem des Bloeds
(alternatively, Njai Siti) 		1930 Ph. Carli Annie Krohn, Sylvain Boekebinder, Vally Lank Siti awaits her lover's return. However, when he comes he cannot find her. He is able to unite with the family after his stepdaughter unwittingly falls in love with her half-brother. [31][40]
Si Ronda 1930 Lie Tek Swie Bachtiar Effendi, Momo An action film based on a previously existing work [31][41]
Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang 1931 The Teng Chun Un­known Oh Ay Ceng is forced to marry a rich girl. Their daughter becomes engaged but dies before marriage. Her fiancé then marries Oh's daughter from his former lover. [31][42]
Huwen op Bevel
(alternatively, Terpaksa Menika) 		1931 G. Krugers Un­known An Indonesian intellectual falls in love with a woman, who is told to marry someone else. [43][44]
Indonesia Malaise 1931 Wong brothers MS Ferry, Oemar A young woman is forced to marry a man she does not love. He leaves her and her lover is imprisoned, making her depressed. She recovers when her lover is released. [31][45]
Melati van Agam 1931 Lie Tek Swie A. Rachman, Neng Titi, Oemar, Bachtiar Effendi Norma loves Idrus but is forced to marry a rich man. Idrus falls ill and dies, and, several years later, Norma goes to Idrus' grave and commits suicide. (in two parts) [31][46]
Sam Pek Eng Tay 1931 The Teng Chun Un­known Based on a Chinese legend. Eng Tay and Sam Pek are in love, but are separated. She is sequestered and Sam Pek is killed; Eng Tay throws herself upon his grave. [31][47]
Si Pitoeng 1931 Wong brothers Herman Sim, Ining Resmini, Zorro Si Pitung, a bandit from Batavia, faces wits with the Dutch constable A.W.V. Hinne. [31][48]
Sarinah 1931 Ph. Carli Annie Krohn A romance set on the south coast of Java [49]
Sinjo Tjo Main di Film
(alternatively, Tjo Speelt Voor de Film) 		1931 M. H. Schilling M. H. Schilling, Ida Schilling A comedy based on the Schillings' radio work in Bandung [b][50][51]
Karina's Zelfopoffering
(alternatively, Pengorbanan Karina) 		1932 Ph. Carli Annie Krohn Details the life of Raden Ajeng Karina, a woman of mixed-descent who lives in the palace at Yogyakarta [52]
Njai Dasima 1932 Bachtiar Effendi Momo, Oesman Dasima is tricked into leaving her lover and daughter by a greedy couple. When she realises that they have been dishonest, she is killed. [43][53]
Zuster Theresia 1932 M. H. Schilling M. H. Schilling, Daisy Diephuis, Henk Maschhaup, Alle Heymann Henk works in Bandung and marries his boss' daughter. Henk calls Flora to help raise his child, but she goes to a nunnery when Daisy becomes a better mother. [54]
Pat Bie Todagger
(alternatively, Delapan Wanita Tjantik) 		1933 The Teng Chun Un­known A martial arts story [55]
Pat Kiam Hapdagger
(alternatively, Delapan Djago Pedang) 		1933 The Teng Chun Un­known A martial arts story [55]
Ouw Peh Tjoa
(alternatively, Doea Siloeman Uler Puti en Item) 		1934 The Teng Chun Un­known Based on a Chinese legend. A man marries a snake disguised as a woman. When the snake is discovered, she is caught but not killed as she is pregnant. [43][56]
Ang Hai Djie 1935 The Teng Chun Un­known Unknown [43][57]
Pan Sie Tongdagger 1935 The Teng Chun Un­known Unknown [43][58]
Poei Sie Giok Pa Loei Tay 1935 Un­known Un­known Poei Sie Giok, trained in martial arts since he was a child, defeats the master Loei Lo Ho, Loei's students, and Loei's wife. [59][60]
Tie Pat Kai Kawin
(alternatively, Siloeman Babi Perang Siloeman Monjet) 		1935 The Teng Chun Un­known The pig demon marries a human woman. When her father drives him out, Tie kidnaps his wife and escapes. He is hunted down by two monks. [43][61]
Anaknja Siloeman Oeler Poeti 1936 The Teng Chun Un­known A sequel to Ouw Phe Tjoa. The child of the white snake and her human husband looks for its mother. [59][62]
Lima Siloeman Tikoesdagger 1936 The Teng Chun Un­known A woman, aided by a cat demon, must discover which person is her husband and which is actually five mouse demons passing as him. [59][63]
Pareh 1936 Mannus Franken, Albert Balink Roegaya, E. T. Effendi, Doenaesih, Rd Mochtar Mahmud, a fisherman, is in love with Wagini, a farmer's daughter. However, local superstition dictates that their relationship will bring disaster. [59][64]
Pembakaran Bio "Hong Lian Sie"
(alternatively, Moesnanja Gowa Siloeman Boeaja Poeti) 		1936 The Teng Chun Un­known The gang of Kuen Luen Pai fights against that of Oen Kung Pai after a ship containing weapons is destroyed. [59][65]
Gadis jang Terdjoeal 1937 The Teng Chun Un­known Han Nio is sold to a rich man as his wife. They live unhappily and eventually Han dies. Her former lover tries to take revenge against the husband but is killed. [59][66]
Terang Boelan
(alternatively, Het Eilan der Droomen) 		1937 Albert Balink Rd Mochtar, Roekiah, E. T. Effendi Rohaya is in love but forced to marry a man she does not love. She elopes but is caught. Her lover wins her back by fighting. [59][67]
Fatima 1938 Joshua Wong, Othniel Wong Kartolo, E. T. Effendi, Rd Mochtar, Roekiah Fatima is in love with Idris, but the rich youth Ali tries to steal her. He is later arrested as the leader of a gang of bandits. [59][68]
Oh Iboedagger 1938 The Teng Chun Lo Tjin Nio, Bissoe A widower remarries and focuses on gambling, while his business is run by the dishonest Kian Hwat. His daughter Loan regains the family wealth after Kian steals it. [59][69]
Tjiandjoerdagger 1938 The Teng Chun Lo Tjin Nio, Bissoe The spoiled Kim Tjiang has his brother Kim Djin exiled from home, but their father Koan Liong later realises his mistake. [59][70]
Alang-Alang 1939 The Teng Chun Hadidjah, Mohamad Mochtar, Bissoe, Lena, Moesa Suhiyat is in love with Surati, but she is kidnapped. Suhiyat eventually rescues her. [59][21]
Gagak Item 1939 Joshua Wong, Othniel Wong Kartolo, Roekiah, Rd Mochtar A bandit film, based on Zorro [71][72]
Impian di Balidagger 1939 Un­known Un­known A couple travel through Bali. Includes comedic acts and music. [73][74]
Roesia si Pengkor
(alternatively, Hadji Saleh) 		1939 The Teng Chun Da'ing, Bissoe, Hadidjah Suti is left with her mother while her father leaves town. She is courted by several boys, including the one she loves. The two marry after overcoming the other suitors. [73][75]
Dasima 1940 Tan Tjoei Hock S Soekarti, Mohamad Mochtar, M Sani, S Talib Dasima divorces from her husband then marries Samiun. Samiun spends her money on gambling and, she asks for it back, he has her killed. [73][76]
Harta Berdarah 1940 R Hu, Rd Ariffien Soelastri, Zonder, RS Fatimah, Moesa A rich man leaves his community in suffering while a young couple try to make their way. Eventually the rich man sees the negative influences of money. [73][77]
Kartinah 1940 Andjar Asmara Ratna Asmara, Astaman, RA Tjokrohandoko, M Rasjid Manggis Suria's wife Titi has memory problems. Suria falls in love with her nurse Kartinah and, after Titi dies in an air raid, marries her. [73][78]
Kedok Ketawa 1940 Basoeki Resobowo, Oedjang, RS Fatimah Marsinah and Basuki fall in love and are protected from thugs by "The Laughing Mask" [73][79]
Kris Mataram 1940 Njoo Cheong Seng Fifi Young, Omar Rodriga The noble R.A. Rusmini is in love with the commoner Bachtiar, but their love faces heavy opposition by traditional groups. [73][80]
Matjan Berbisik 1940 Tan Tjoei Hock Hadidjah, Mohamad Mochtar, Bissoe, Said Hamid's father goes away and does not return until after his son is fully grown. By this time, Hamid and his caretaker's son are in competition for a young woman's love. [22][73]
Melati van Agam 1940 Tan Tjoei Hock S Soekarti, AB Rachman, R Abdullah, S Thalib Siti Norma marries a man she does not love out of respect for her parents, but then elopes with her lover Idrus. [73][81]
Rentjong Atjeh 1940 The Teng Chun Dewi Mada, Ferry Kock, Mohamad Mochtar, Hadidjah Two youths, Rusna and Daud, receive training to hunt and kill a pirate who left them orphans fifteen years prior. [73][82]
Roekihati 1940 Joshua Wong, Othniel Wong Rd Djoemala, Roekiah, Kartolo, Annie Landouw Roekihati is married to Mansur. He begins to stray when he meets Aminah, but as Roekihati is ever-faithful he returns to her. [73][83]
Siti Akbari 1940 Joshua Wong, Othniel Wong Annie Landouw, Kartolo, Rd Mochtar, Roekiah Siti Akbari's husband cheats on her, but eventually she finds happiness. [59][84][85]
Sorga Ka Toedjoe 1940 Joshua Wong, Othniel Wong Rd Djoemala, Roekiah, Kartolo, Annie Landouw Kasimin and Hadidjah, long-separated spouses, are reunited after the efforts of Hadidjah's niece Rasminah and her lover Hoesin. [86][87]
Zoebaida 1940 Njoo Cheong Seng Fifi Young, Soerip, Aisah, Sally Young A love story set in Timor [88][89]
Air Mata Iboe 1941 Njoo Cheong Seng Fifi Young, Rd Ismail, Ali Joego, Soerip Sumadi takes vengeance on his siblings after they refuse to shelter their mother, Sugiati, after their father dies. [90][91]
Ajah Berdosa 1941 Wu Tsun M Arief, S Waldy, Elly Joenara, Soetijem A man is tempted by a "modern" city woman and leaves his wife and son, only to find misfortune. [90][92]
1941 Wong brothers Elly Joenara, Benny, Wolly Sutinah The poor youth Aladin falls in love with a princess and defeats the evil grand vizier. [93][94]
Asmara Moerni 1941 Rd Ariffien AK Gani, Djoewariah, S. Joesoef A doctor falls in love with his maid, only to marry her after her fiancé dies. [90][95]
Bajar dengan Djiwa 1941 R Hu A Bakar, Itjang Ali, Haroen, Oesman A drama following the interactions between several families, including the philanthropist Basuki and the ne'er-do-well Umar [73][96]
Boedjoekan Iblis 1941 Rd Mochtar, E. T. Effendi, Anwar, Dewi Radiah Unknown [90][97]
Djantoeng Hati 1941 Njoo Cheong Seng A Sarosa, Rr Anggraini, Ariati Two girls, the traditional Karina and modernist Roesdjana, are in competition. The film warns that modernity is not necessarily the best path. [90][98]
Elang Darat 1941 Inoe Perbatasari Astaman, Ali Joego, Rohana, Salam Parlan is called to Kresek to track down a bandit called Elang Darat, who is revealed to be Parlan's half-brother Gunawi. [90][99]
Garoeda Mas 1941 Jo An Djan Rd Mochtar, Dewi Radiah, E. T. Effendi, Rd Kosasih Unknown [90][100]
Ikan Doejoeng 1941 Lie Tek Swie Asmanah, Soerjono, A Thys, S Poniman Asmara is told to marry someone she does not love. She instead elopes with Sanusi and, when they are accosted by robbers, escapes into the night. [90][101]
Koeda Sembrani 1941 Wong brothers Roekiah, Rd Djoemala, Wolly Sutinah, Kartolo The story of a winged horse [102][103]
Lintah Darat 1941 Wu Tsun Elly Joenara, Satijem, M Arief, Aboebakar Djoenaedi Kumala joins forces with Safi'i to deal with a loan shark and his wife, Kumala's selfish sister Asnah. [90][104]
Matula 1941 Tan Tjoei Hock Ferry Kock, Dewi Mada, Mohamad Mochtar, Bissoe Matula goes to a dukun, asks to be made handsome, and is told to pay with a life. He tries to use Emma as his payment, but is stopped by her father and her fiancé. [90][105]
Moestika dari Djemar 1941 Jo An Djan Dhalia, Rd Mochtar, Djoeriah Unknown [90][106]
Noesa Penida 1941 Andjar Asmara Ratna Asmara, Astaman, Rd Ismail, Ali Joego Two brothers are in love with a princess, but differences in their castes leads to difficulty. [93][107]
Pah Wongso Pendekar Boediman 1941 LV Wijnhamer Jr., Elly Joenara Barja begins a life of crime after his cousin rejects his advances, while Pah Wongso investigates his crimes. [108][109]
Pah Wongso Tersangka 1941 LV Wijnhamer Jr., Sylvia Hatjirah, S Waldy, M Sarip Pah Wongso becomes a suspect [90][110]
Panggilan Darah 1941 Soetan Oesman Kariem Dhalia, Soerip, Wolly Sutinah, Mochtar Widjaja Two orphans work at the home of Iskak. When his wife mistreats them, they run away, but find out that they are related to Iskak and thus return to him. [90][111]
Pantjawarna 1941 Njoo Cheong Seng Mochtar Widjaja, Dhalia, Idris Martha, Omar Rodriga Described as the first musical in the Indies [90][112]
Poesaka Terpendam 1941 Un­known Roekiah, Rd Djoemala, Titing, Kartolo A group of people go on a search for hidden treasure. [90][113]
Poetri Rimba 1941 Inoe Perbatasari Aisjah, Loedi, Ali Joego, Bissoe, Soetiati Achmad is taken into a village after getting lost in the jungle. He competes against Perbada for the love of the leader's daughter. [90][114]
Ratna Moetoe Manikam 1941 Sutan Usman Karim Ratna Asmara, Astaman, Ali Joego, Inoe Perbatasari Two goddesses compete for the love of an earthly king. [93][115]
Selendang Delima 1941 Henry L. Duarte Celly Young, Asmana, Soerjono Unknown [93][116]
Si Gomar 1941 Tan Tjoei Hock Tan Tjeng Bok, Hadidjah, Mohamad Mochtar, Bissoe Soebardja and Mariani are separated and left orphans after robbers kill their parents. As adults they nearly marry each other, but are stopped when their cousin recognises them. [93][117]
Singa Laoet 1941 Tan Tjoei Hock Tan Tjeng Bok, Hadidjah, Bissoe, Mohamad Mochtar Mahmud goes against a gang of pirates led by Singa Laoet ("Lion of the Sea") to discover who killed his father twenty years earlier. [90][118]
Siti Noerbaja 1941 Lie Tek Swie Asmanah, Momo, Soerjono, A. Thys Sitti Nurbaya falls in love with Samsulbahri, but is forced to marry the criminal Datuk Meringgih to pay her father's debt. [90][119]
Soeara Berbisa 1941 Wu Tsun Rd Soekarno, Ratna Djoewita, Oedjang, Soehaena Mitra and Neng Mardinah fall in love, but the jealous Mardjohan spreads rumours that Mitra is the son of a thief. They reconcile and are revealed to be long-lost brothers. [93][120]
Sorga Palsoe 1941 Tan Tjoei Hock Lo Tjin Nio, Hui Tong, Pun Tjiaw Lim, Rohana Hian Nio is treated by as a servant by her mother. Her lover's boss, Bian Hong, marries her. However, she is distressed by the marriage, runs away, and dies. [73][121]
Srigala Item 1941 Tan Tjoei Hock Tan Tjeng Bok, Hadidjah, Mohamad Mochtar, Aisah Mochtar is forced to live with his uncle after his father disappears. The cruel uncle and his son are often accosted by a masked figure known only as De Zwarte Wolf ("The Black Wolf"). [93][122]
Tengkorak Hidoep 1941 Tan Tjoei Hock Tan Tjeng Bok, Mohamad Mochtar, Misnahati, Bissoe Darmadji and his friends go to Mustika Island, where they witness Maha Daru being reborn after 2,000 years. They must defeat him to survive. [93][123]
Tjioeng Wanara 1941 Jo Eng Sek R Sukran, Elly Joenara, AB Djoenaedi, M Arief Tjioeng Wanara rebels against the cruel king of Galuh. [90][124]
Wanita dan Satria 1941 Rd Ariffien Djoewariah, Ratna Djoewita, R Hidajat A womaniser named Soedrajat abuses his status to gain women's trust before ultimately getting his comeuppance. [93][125][126]
1001 Malam 1942 Wu Tsun Un­known Unknown [93][127]
Boenga Sembodja 1942 Moh Said HJ Dhalia, Mohamad Mochtar, Tossin Effendi, Anwar Unknown [93][128]
Mega Mendoeng 1942 Rd Soekarno, Oedjang, Ratna Djoewita, Boen Sofiati Kustini is betrayed by her friend Sujono, but they later reconcile. [90][129]
Poelo Inten 1942 Un­known Mohamad Mochtar, Djoeriah, Noersani, Ramli Bapet Unknown [93][130]
Berdjoang 1943 Rd Ariffien Mohamad Mochtar, Sambas, Dhalia, Kartolo Anang and Saman compete for the love of Hasanah. After Anang joins the Japanese army, Hasanah decides she wants to be with him. [93][131]
Di Desa 1943 Roestam Sutan Palindih Mohamad Mochtar, Garkiah, Epen Unknown [b][93][132]
Di Menara 1943 Roestam Sutan Palindih Rd Soekarno, Garkiah, Epen Unknown [b][93][133]
Kemakmoeran 1943 Un­known Un­known Unknown [b][134][135]
Djatoeh Berkait 1944 B. Koesoema Astaman, Kartolo, Dimin Unknown [b][134][136]
Hoedjan 1944 Inoe Perbatasari Aboebakar Djoenaedi, Dhalia, E. T. Effendi Unknown [b][134][137]
Keris Poesaka 1944 Un­known Un­known Unknown [b][134][138]
Koeli dan Romoesha 1944 Un­known Un­known Propaganda promoting the romusha programme [b][134][139]
Key
Year uncertain Indicates uncertain year of production

Post-independence[]

Title Year Director Cast Synopsis Ref(s).
Djaoeh Dimata 1948 Andjar Asmara Ratna Asmara, Ali Joego, Iskandar Sucarno, Djauhari Effendi Soelastri must go to Jakarta to earn a living after her husband Asrad goes blind. [134][140]
Anggrek Bulan 1948 Andjar Asmara Rd Soekarno, A. Hamid Arief, Nila Djuwita, Iskandar Sucarno Kati is in a love triangle with Atma and Subrata, but Atma has other to worry about. [134][141]
Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum 1948 Roestam Sutan Palindih Sofia, S Waldy, D Ismail, Rd Endang Unknown [134][142]
Aneka Warna 1949 Moh Said HJ A. Hamid Arief, Mochsin, R Busono, Annie Mulya The story of Dul Kalong and Mat Codot, two fools from the Aneka Warna troupe who live in poverty. [134][143]
Bengawan Solo 1949 Sofia, Rd Mochtar, Mohamad Mochtar, Rd Dadang Ismail A village woman's two children are raised by different families after she drowns herself in the Solo River. [134][144]
Gadis Desa 1949 Andjar Asmara Basuki Djaelani, Ratna Ruthinah, Ali Joego, Djauhari Effendi Abu Bakar falls in love with his landlord's daughter despite having a wife. [134][145]
1949 Usmar Ismail Rd Soekarno, A. Hamid Arief, Djauhari Effendi, Herawati Suliati and Ahmad are in love, but Suliati's father will not bless the relationship because Ahmad is poor. [134][146]
Tjitra 1949 Usmar Ismail Rd Soekarno, Nila Djuwita, Rd Ismail, A. Hamid Arief Harsono takes Suryani's virginity then flees to the city, where he is caught up in a murder case. [134][147]
Menanti Kasih 1949 Moh Said HJ Chatir Harro, A. Hamid Arief, Nila Djuwita, Djoeriah Husni Anwar discovers his schooling was paid for by Rachman, and now he must marry Rachman's daughter. [134][148]
Saputangan 1949 Fred Young Pak Kasur, Chatir Harro, Noorsini, Netty Herawaty Hardjono goes blind while at sea, but has an operation to give him back his sight. [134][149]
Sehidup Semati 1949 Fred Young Ida Prijatni, Ali Joego, Chatir Harro, Djauhari Effendi During a trip to Bandung Kusmayadi proposes to Asmarani despite already being betrothed to Lasminah. [134][150]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The first colour film produced completely in Indonesia, Wim Umboh's Sembilan, came in 1967.[18]
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h A short film

References[]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ Biran 2009, p. 27.
  2. ^ Biran 2009, p. 35.
  3. ^ Biran 2009, p. 54.
  4. ^ Biran 2009, p. 57.
  5. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 61, 68.
  6. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 379–381.
  7. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 81, 97, 98.
  8. ^ Biran 2009, p. 145.
  9. ^ Biran 2009, p. 171.
  10. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 384–385.
  11. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 319, 332.
  12. ^ Biran 2009, p. 284.
  13. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 334, 340.
  14. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 367–370.
  15. ^ Kahin 1952, p. 445.
  16. ^ Heider 1991, p. 15.
  17. ^ Prayogo 2009, p. 14.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b Republika 1996, Telah Pergi.
  19. ^ Biran 2009, p. 45.
  20. ^ Heider 1991, p. 14.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b Filmindonesia.or.id, Alang-Alang.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Filmindonesia.or.id, Matjan Berbisik.
  23. ^ Biran 2009, p. 351.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Biran 2009, p. 379.
  25. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Loetoeng Kasaroeng.
  26. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Eulis Atjih.
  27. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Lily van Java.
  28. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Resia Borobudur.
  29. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 72 & 379.
  30. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Njai Dasima (I).
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Biran 2009, p. 380.
  32. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Rampok Preanger.
  33. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Si Tjonat.
  34. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 76, 380.
  35. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Karnadi.
  36. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 114, 380.
  37. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Lari ke Arab.
  38. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Nancy Bikin Pembalesan.
  39. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Njai Dasima (II).
  40. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, De Stem Des Bloed.
  41. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Si Ronda.
  42. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Boenga Roos.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Biran 2009, p. 381.
  44. ^ Het Nieuws 1931, Film-critieken.
  45. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Indonesia Malaise.
  46. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Melati Van Agam 1930.
  47. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Sam Pek Eng Tay.
  48. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Si Pitoeng.
  49. ^ De Indische Courant 1931, Indische filmkunst.
  50. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 117, 380.
  51. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Sinjo 'Tjo'.
  52. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 124, 381.
  53. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Njai Dasima.
  54. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 126–128, 381.
  55. ^ Jump up to: a b Biran 2009, pp. 147, 381.
  56. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Ouw Peh Tjoa.
  57. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Ang Hai Djie.
  58. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Pan Sie Tong.
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Biran 2009, p. 382.
  60. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Poei Sie Giok.
  61. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Tie Pat Kai Kawin.
  62. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Anaknja Siloeman.
  63. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Lima Siloeman.
  64. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Pareh.
  65. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Pembakaran Bio.
  66. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Gadis jang Terdjoeal.
  67. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Terang Boelan.
  68. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Fatima.
  69. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Oh Iboe.
  70. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjiandjoer.
  71. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 176, 383.
  72. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Gagak Item.
  73. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Biran 2009, p. 383.
  74. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Impian di Bali.
  75. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Roesia si Pengkor.
  76. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Dasima.
  77. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Harta Berdarah.
  78. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Kartinah.
  79. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Kedok Ketawa.
  80. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Kris Mataram.
  81. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Melati Van Agam 1940.
  82. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Rentjong Atjeh.
  83. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Roekihati.
  84. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Siti Akbari.
  85. ^ Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad 1940, Cinema: Siti Akbari.
  86. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 248, 383.
  87. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Sorga Ka Toedjoe.
  88. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 254, 383.
  89. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Zoebaida.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Biran 2009, p. 384.
  91. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Iboe.
  92. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Ajah Berdosa.
  93. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Biran 2009, p. 385.
  94. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Aladin.
  95. ^ Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna: 'Asmara Moerni'.
  96. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Bajar dengan Djiwa.
  97. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Boedjoekan Iblis.
  98. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Djantoeng Hati.
  99. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Elang Darat.
  100. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Garoeda Mas.
  101. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Ikan Doejoeng.
  102. ^ Biran 2009, pp. 224, 384.
  103. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Koeda Sembrani.
  104. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Lintah Darat.
  105. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Matula.
  106. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Moestika dari Djenar.
  107. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Noesa Penida.
  108. ^ Bataviaasch nieuwsblad 1941, Pah Wongso.
  109. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Pah Wongso.
  110. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Pah Wongso Tersangka.
  111. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Panggilan Darah.
  112. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Pantjawarna.
  113. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Poesaka Terpendam.
  114. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Poetri Rimba.
  115. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Ratna Moetoe Manikam.
  116. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Selendang Delima.
  117. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Si Gomar.
  118. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Singa Laoet.
  119. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Siti Noerbaja.
  120. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Soeara Berbisa.
  121. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Sorga Palsoe.
  122. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Srigala Item.
  123. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Tengkorak Hidoep.
  124. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjioeng Wanara.
  125. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Wanita dan Satria.
  126. ^ Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna: 'Wanita dan Satria'.
  127. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Seribu Satu.
  128. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Boenga Sembodja.
  129. ^ Pertjatoeran Doenia dan Film 1942, Studio Nieuws.
  130. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Poelo Inten.
  131. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Berdjoang.
  132. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Di Desa.
  133. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Di Menara.
  134. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Biran 2009, p. 386.
  135. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Kemakmoeran.
  136. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Djatoeh Berkait.
  137. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Hoedjan.
  138. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Keris Poesaka.
  139. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Koeli dan Romoesha.
  140. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Djauh Dimata.
  141. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Anggrek Bulan.
  142. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Mengalir.
  143. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Aneka Warna.
  144. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Bengawan Solo.
  145. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Gadis Desa.
  146. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Harta Karun.
  147. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjitra.
  148. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Menanti Kasih.
  149. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Saputangan.
  150. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Sehidup Semati.

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