List of heirs to the English throne

This is a list of the individuals who were, at any given time, considered the next in line to inherit the throne of England, should the incumbent monarch die. Those who actually succeeded (at any future time) are shown in bold. Stillborn children and infants surviving less than a month are not included.

It may be noted that the succession was highly uncertain, and was not governed by a fixed convention, for much of the century after the Norman Conquest of 1066.

Significant breaks in the succession, where the designated heir did not in fact succeed (due to usurpation, conquest, revolution, or lack of heirs) are shown as breaks in the table below.

The symbols +1, +2, etc. are to be read "once (twice, etc.) removed in descendancy", i.e., the child or grandchild (etc.) of a cousin of the degree specified. The symbols −1, −2, etc. indicate the converse relationship, i.e., the cousin of a parent or grandparent (etc.).

1066 to 1135[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Monarch
No recognised heir 1066–1087							William I
William Rufus	Heir apparent	second son	7 September 1087	proclaimed heir	26 September 1087	became king	William I
No recognised heir 1087–1100							William II
No recognised heir 1100–1116							Henry I
William Adelin, Duke of Normandy	Heir apparent	son	19 March 1116	proclaimed heir	25 November 1120	died
No recognised heir 1120–1126
Empress Matilda, Countess of Anjou	Heiress presumptive	daughter	25 December 1126	proclaimed heiress	22 December 1135	throne usurped by cousin Stephen of Blois

1135 to 1154[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Monarch
No recognised heir 1135–1152							Stephen
Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne	Heir apparent	eldest son	6 April 1152	proclaimed heir	17 August 1153	died
No recognised heir Aug–Nov 1153
Henry Curtmantle, Duke of Normandy	Heir apparent	1st cousin +1	6 November 1153	Treaty of Wallingford	19 December 1154	became king

1154 to 1399[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Monarch
No recognised heir 1154–1155							Henry II
William IX, Count of Poitiers	Heir apparent	eldest son	3 April 1155	proclaimed heir	April 1156	died
Henry the Young King	Heir apparent	son	April 1156	brother died	11 June 1183	died
No recognised heir 1183–1189
Richard, Duke of Aquitaine	Heir apparent	son	4 July 1189	proclaimed heir	3 September 1189	became king
No recognised heir 1189–1190							Richard I
Arthur I, Duke of Brittany	Heir presumptive	nephew	11 November 1190	proclaimed heir	27 May 1199	throne usurped by youngest uncle John	Richard I
No recognised heir 1199–1207							John
Henry of Winchester	Heir apparent	eldest son	1 October 1207	born	28 October 1216	became king	John
Richard, Earl of Cornwall	Heir presumptive	younger brother	28 October 1216	brother became king	17 June 1239	son born to king	Henry III
Edward "Longshanks", Lord of Chester	Heir apparent	eldest son	17 June 1239	born	20 November 1272	became king	Henry III
Henry	Heir apparent	eldest son	20 November 1272	father became king	16 October 1274	died	Edward I
Alphonso, Earl of Chester	Heir apparent	son	16 October 1274	brother died	19 August 1284	died
Edward of Caernarfon, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	19 August 1284	brother died	7 July 1307	became king
Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk	Heir presumptive	younger brother	7 July 1307	brother became king	13 November 1312	son born to king	Edward II
Edward of Windsor, Earl of Chester	Heir apparent	eldest son	13 November 1312	born	25 January 1327	became king	Edward II
John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall	Heir presumptive	younger brother	25 January 1327	brother became king	15 June 1330	son born to king	Edward III
Edward "the Black Prince", Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	15 June 1330	born	8 June 1376	died
Richard of Bordeaux, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	grandson	8 June 1376	father died	21 June 1377	became king
Since Richard II (1377–1399) never designated an heir, the succession was disputed among the heirs established under the will of Edward III and heirs by cognatic primogeniture. The will entailed the throne on the heirs male. The following are the leaders of both lines:
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster	Potential heirs by the will of Edward III	uncle	21 June 1377	nephew became king	3 February 1399	died	Richard II
Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster	Potential heirs by the will of Edward III	1st cousin	3 February 1399	father died	30 September 1399	became king
Philippa, Countess of Ulster	Potential heirs by cognatic primogeniture	1st cousin	21 June 1377	cousin became king	5 January 1382	died
Roger Mortimer, Earl of March		1st cousin +1	5 January 1382	mother died	20 July 1398	died
Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March		1st cousin +2	20 July 1398	father died	30 September 1399	succession of new king

1399 to 1461[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Next in succession	Monarch
Henry of Monmouth, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	30 September 1399	father became king	20 March 1413	became king	Thomas, Duke of Clarence 1399–1413, younger brother	Henry IV
Thomas, Duke of Clarence	Heir presumptive	younger brother	20 March 1413	brother became king	22 March 1421	died	John, Duke of Bedford 1413–1421, younger brother	Henry V
John, Duke of Bedford	Heir presumptive	younger brother	22 March 1421	brother died	6 December 1421	son born to king	Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester Mar–Dec 1421, younger brother
Henry, Duke of Cornwall	Heir apparent	son	6 December 1421	born	31 August 1422	became king	John, Duke of Bedford 1421–1422, uncle
John, Duke of Bedford	Heir presumptive	uncle	31 August 1422	nephew became king	14 September 1435	died	Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 1422–1435, younger brother	Henry VI
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester	Heir presumptive	uncle	14 September 1435	brother died	23 February 1447	died	none
No recognised heir 1447–1453
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	13 October 1453	born	25 October 1460	Act of Accord	none
Richard, Duke of York	Heir apparent	3rd cousin −1	25 October 1460	Act of Accord	30 December 1460	died	Edward, Earl of March 1460, son
Edward, Duke of York	Heir apparent	3rd cousin	30 December 1460	father died	4 March 1461	became king	George 1460–1461, brother

1461 to 1470[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Next in succession	Monarch
George, Duke of Clarence	Heir presumptive	younger brother	4 March 1461	brother became king	31 March 1470	proclaimed traitor	Richard, Duke of Gloucester 1461–1470, younger brother	Edward IV
No recognised heir Mar–Oct 1470								Edward IV

1470 to 1471[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Next in succession	Monarch
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	3 October 1470	father restored as king	11 April 1471	father deposed	George, Duke of Clarence 1470–1471, 3rd cousin −1	Henry VI

1471 to 1485[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Next in succession	Monarch
Edward, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	11 April 1471	father restored as king	9 April 1483	became king	George, Duke of Clarence 1471–1473, uncle	Edward IV
Edward, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	11 April 1471	father restored as king	9 April 1483	became king	Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York 1473–1483, younger brother	Edward IV
Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York	Heir presumptive	younger brother	9 April 1483	brother became king	25 June 1483	declared illegitimate	Richard, Duke of Gloucester 1483, uncle	Edward V
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	26 June 1483	father became king	9 April 1484	died	none	Richard III
No recognised heir 1484–1485								Richard III

1485 to 1603[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Next in succession	Monarch
No recognised heir 1485–1486								Henry VII
Arthur, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	20 September 1486	born	2 April 1502	died	none 1486–1491
Arthur, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	20 September 1486	born	2 April 1502	died	Henry, Duke of York 1491–1502, younger brother
Henry, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	2 April 1502	brother died	22 April 1509	became king	none
No recognised heir 1509–1511								Henry VIII
Henry, Duke of Cornwall	Heir apparent	eldest son	1 January 1511	born	23 February 1511	died	none
No recognised heir 1511–1516
Mary Tudor	Heiress presumptive	eldest daughter	18 February 1516	born	23 March 1534	First Succession Act	none 1516–1533
Mary Tudor	Heiress presumptive	eldest daughter	18 February 1516	born	23 March 1534	First Succession Act	Elizabeth Tudor, 1533–1534, younger half-sister
Elizabeth Tudor	Heiress presumptive	daughter	23 March 1534	First Succession Act	8 June 1536	Second Succession Act	none
No recognised heir 1536–1537
Edward, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	12 October 1537	born	28 January 1547	became king	none 1537–1544
Edward, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	12 October 1537	born	28 January 1547	became king	Mary Tudor, older half-sister, 1544–1547
Mary Tudor	Heiress presumptive	elder half-sister	28 January 1547	half-brother became king	21 June 1553	excluded by letters patent	Elizabeth Tudor 1547–1553, younger half-sister	Edward VI
Lady Jane Dudley	Heiress presumptive	1st cousin +1	21 June 1553	named in letters patent	6 July 1553	proclaimed queen	Katherine, Lady Herbert of Cardiff 1553, younger sister	Edward VI
Upon the death of Edward VI, the succession was disputed between his sister Mary, the heir by primogeniture and the will of Henry VIII, and Lady Jane Grey, whom Edward had named his heir. Since Jane Grey's short reign is a matter of dispute, so are her heirs.
Katherine, Lady Herbert of Cardiff	Heiress presumptive (disputed)	younger sister	6 July 1553	sister proclaimed queen	19 July 1553	sister deposed	Lady Mary Grey 1553, younger sister	Jane
Elizabeth Tudor	Heiress presumptive	younger half-sister	6 July 1553	Half-sister became queen	17 November 1558	became queen	none	Mary I
Since Elizabeth I (1558–1603) never designated an heir, the succession was disputed among heirs of Henry VII by cognatic primogeniture and the heirs established under the Third Succession Act and the will of Henry VIII. The last two documents placed the English descendants of his younger sister Mary ahead of the Scottish descendants of his elder sister Margaret. The following are the leaders of both lines:
Mary, Queen of Scots	Potential heirs by cognatic primogeniture	1st cousin +1	17 November 1558	cousin became queen	8 February 1587	executed	James VI of Scotland 1566–1587, son	Elizabeth I
James VI of Scotland		1st cousin +2	8 February 1587	mother executed	24 March 1603	became king	Lady Arbella Stuart 1587–1594, 2nd cousin
James VI of Scotland		1st cousin +2	8 February 1587	mother executed	24 March 1603	became king	Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales 1594–1603, son
Katherine, Countess of Hertford	Potential heirs by the will of Henry VIII	1st cousin +1	17 November 1558	cousin became queen	26 January 1568	died	Lady Mary Grey, sister
Lady Mary Grey		1st cousin +1	26 January 1568	sister died	20 April 1578	died	Margaret, Countess of Derby, 1st cousin
Margaret, Countess of Derby		1st cousin +1	20 April 1578	1st cousin died	28 September 1596	died	Ferdinando Stanley, Earl of Derby 1578–1594, son
Margaret, Countess of Derby		1st cousin +1	20 April 1578	1st cousin died	28 September 1596	died	Lady Anne Stanley 1594–1596, granddaughter
Lady Anne Stanley		1st cousin +3	28 September 1596	paternal grandmother died	24 March 1603	succession of new king	Lady Frances Stanley, sister

1603 to 1707[]

Heir	Status	Relationship to Monarch	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Next in succession	Monarch
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	eldest son	24 March 1603	father became king	6 November 1612	died	Charles, Duke of York 1603–1612, younger brother	James I
Charles, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	6 November 1612	brother died	27 March 1625	became king	Elizabeth, Electress Palatine 1612–1625, elder sister	James I
Elizabeth, Electress Palatine	Heiress presumptive	elder sister	27 March 1625	brother became king	29 May 1630	son born to king	Frederick Henry 1625–1629, son	Charles I
Elizabeth, Electress Palatine	Heiress presumptive	elder sister	27 March 1625	brother became king	29 May 1630	son born to king	Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine 1629–1630, son
Charles, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	29 May 1630	born	30 January 1649	became king	Elizabeth, Electress Palatine 1630–1631, aunt
							Mary, Princess Royal 1631–1633, sister
							James, Duke of York 1633–1649, brother
James, Duke of York	Heir presumptive	younger brother	30 January 1649	brother proclaimed King	6 February 1685	became king	Henry, Duke of Gloucester 1649- Sept 1660, younger brother	Charles II
							Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange Sept–Oct 1660, elder sister
							Charles, Duke of Cambridge Oct 1660 – May 1661, son
							Prince William of Orange May 1661 – Apr 1662, nephew
							Princess Mary Apr 1662 – July 1663, daughter
							James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge July 1663 – June 1667, son
							Princess Mary June–Sept 1667, daughter
							Edgar Stuart, Duke of Cambridge Sept 1667 – Nov 1669, son
							Princess Mary 1669–1677, daughter
							Charles, Duke of Cambridge Nov–Dec 1677, son
							Mary, Princess of Orange 1677–1685, daughter
Mary, Princess of Orange	Heiress presumptive	elder daughter	6 February 1685	father became king	10 June 1688	younger brother born	Princess Anne of Denmark 1685–1688, younger sister	James II
James, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	10 June 1688	born	13 February 1689	father deposed	Mary, Princess of Orange, elder sister 1688–1689	James II
William III	Mutual heirs	husband	13 February 1689	Declaration of Right, 1689	28 December 1694	became sole monarch	Princess Anne of Denmark, sister(-in-law), 1689–1694	Mary II
Mary II	Mutual heirs	wife	13 February 1689	Declaration of Right, 1689	28 December 1694	died	Princess Anne of Denmark, sister(-in-law), 1689–1694	William III
Princess Anne of Denmark	Heiress apparent	sister-in-law and 1st cousin	28 December 1694	sister's death	8 March 1702	became queen	William, Duke of Gloucester 1694–1700, son
							none, 1700–1701
							Sophia, Dowager Electress of Hanover, 1701–1702, 1st cousin −1
Sophia, Dowager Electress of Hanover	Heiress presumptive	1st cousin −1	8 March 1702	death of William III	1 May 1707	became heiress-presumptive to Great Britain	George Louis, Elector of Hanover 1702–1707, son	Anne

Jacobite succession, 1689–1807[]

The following are the heirs of the Jacobite pretenders to the throne to the death of the last Stuart pretender. For other persons in this lineage, see Jacobite succession.

Heir	Status	Relationship to Pretender	Became heir	Reason	Ceased to be heir	Reason	Next in succession	Pretender
James, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	13 February 1689	father deposed	16 September 1701	became pretender	Mary, Princess of Orange 1689–1694, elder sister	James II
James, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	13 February 1689	father deposed	16 September 1701	became pretender	Princess Anne of Denmark 1694–1701, elder sister	James II
Princess Anne of Denmark	Heiress presumptive	elder sister	16 September 1701	father died, brother became pretender	1 August 1714	died	Louisa Maria 1701–1712, younger sister	James III "The Old Pretender"
Princess Anne of Denmark	Heiress presumptive	elder sister	16 September 1701	father died, brother became pretender	1 August 1714	died	Anne Marie d'Orléans 1712–1714, 1st cousin
Anne Marie d'Orléans	Heiress presumptive	1st cousin	1 August 1714	cousin died	31 December 1720	son born to pretender	Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont 1714–1715, son
Anne Marie d'Orléans	Heiress presumptive	1st cousin	1 August 1714	cousin died	31 December 1720	son born to pretender	Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont 1715–1720, son
Charles, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	31 December 1720	born	1 January 1766	became pretender	Anne Marie d'Orléans 1720–1725, 1st cousin −1
Charles, Prince of Wales	Heir apparent	son	31 December 1720	born	1 January 1766	became pretender	Henry, Duke of York 1725–1766, younger brother
Henry, Duke of York	Heir presumptive	younger brother	1 January 1766	brother became pretender	31 January 1788	became pretender	Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia 1766–1773, 2nd cousin	Charles III "The Young Pretender"
Henry, Duke of York	Heir presumptive	younger brother	1 January 1766	brother became pretender	31 January 1788	became pretender	Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia 1773–1788, 2nd cousin +1	Charles III "The Young Pretender"
Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia	Heir presumptive	2nd cousin +1	31 January 1788	cousin became pretender	14 October 1796	died	Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont 1788–1796, son	Henry IX "Cardinal York"
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia	Heir presumptive	2nd cousin +2	14 October 1796	father died	13 July 1807	death of last Stuart pretender	Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia 1796–1807, younger brother	Henry IX "Cardinal York"

References[]

Ian Mortimer, The Fears of Henry IV: the Life of England's Self-Made King (Vintage, 2008)