List of leading Thoroughbred racehorses

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Kincsem, Ch.m. 1874, undefeated winner in 54 starts in five countries
Cobweb was an undefeated winner of the 1,000 Guineas and Epsom Oaks.
Undefeated: Goldfinder, b.c. 1764 (Snap – mare, by Blank)

The list of leading Thoroughbred racehorses contains the names of undefeated racehorses and other horses that had an outstanding race record in specific categories. Note though that many champions do not appear on the list as an unexpected defeat may be caused by many factors such as injury, illness, going, racing tactics and differences in weight carried, the latter being particularly significant in North America and Australia where handicaps are common even at the highest level of racing.

It is common to compare racehorses on multiple factors such as their overall race record, the quality of the horses they beat and the brilliance of their wins. Comparison of raw times is generally unreliable between horses of different eras or even over different racecourses due to a variety of factors such as the racing surface and the pace at which the race is run. Timeform ratings, introduced in 1948,[1] and Beyer Speed Figures, introduced in the United States in 1992, are relatively recent attempts to compensate for such variables.[2] Thoroughbred holds the Guinness world record for the fastest speed from the starting gate for a Thoroughbred racehorse, at 77.6 km/h (43.97 mph) over two furlongs,[3] although Quarter Horses attain higher speeds over shorter distances than Thoroughbreds.[4] Such speeds may also be achieved by elite racehorses during the stretch drive.[5]

The two main forms of Thoroughbred horseracing are flat racing and hurdle or steeplechase (jumping) races over obstacles. Jumpers tend to be older than their flat racing counterparts[6] and can have much longer careers, making it possible to earn a large number of wins. For example, champion hurdler Hurricane Fly won a then-record 22 Grade One races over his ten-year career.[7]

Most race horses and race winners are male horses (either intact males or geldings). While male and female horses do not exhibit sexual dimorphism as obviously as human athletes, male horses are considered more aggressive racers and generally have a significant competitive advantage. At the highest level of racing though, intact males have great economic value at stud, so they are often retired after only a few years of racing.[8] In part because they may have longer racing careers, some of the most winning racehorses of all time are females, including Kincsem, Black Caviar, Winx, Zenyatta.

Undefeated horses[]

Below is a list of Thoroughbred racehorses with an undefeated race record. The list is not comprehensive for otherwise unnotable horses with five or fewer starts.

Wins
 Horse
 Bred
 Details
 Foaled
 Pedigree and notes
54 Kincsem Hungary ch m 1874 Cambuscan (GB) x Water Nymph by Cotswold[9]
25 Black Caviar Australia br m 2006 Bel Esprit x Helsinge by Desert Sun (GB)[10]
19 Peppers Pride United States B.f. 2003 Desert God x Lady Pepper by Chili Pepper Pie[11]
18 Eclipse Great Britain Ch.c. 1764 Marske x Spilletta by Regulus[12][13][14]
18 Karayel Turkey B.h. 1970 Prince Tudor (GB) x Linda (TUR) by Cihangir (GB). Triple Crown winner.[15]
16 Ormonde Great Britain B.c. 1883 Bend Or x Lily Agnes by Macaroni. Triple Crown winner.[16][17]
16 Prestige France b c 1903 Le Pompon x Orgueilleuse by Révérand[18]
16 Ribot Great Britain B.c. 1952 Tenerani (ITY) x Romanella (ITY) by El Greco[19]
15 Colin United States Br.c. 1905 Commando x Pastorella (GB) by Springfield[20]
15 Macon Argentina B.c. 1922 Sandal (GB) x Bourgogne by Your Majesty[21][22]
14 Frankel Great Britain B.c. 2008 Galileo x Kind by Danehill[23]
14 Highflyer Great Britain B.c. 1774 Herod x Rachel by Blank[24]
14 Nearco Italy Br.c. 1935 Pharos (GB) x Nogara by Havresac II (FR)
13 Barcaldine Great Britain B.c. 1878 Solon x Ballyroe by Belladrum
13 Personal Ensign United States  B.f. 1984 Private Account x Grecian Banner by Hoist The Flag[25]
13 Tremont United States B.c. 1884 Virgil x Ann Fief by Alarm
12 Asteroid United States B.c. 1861 Lexington x Nebula by Glencoe (GB)[26]
12 Braque Italy B.h. 1954 Antonio Canale x Buonamica by Niccolò dell'Arca[27]
12 Crucifix Great Britain B.f. 1837 Priam x Octaviana by Octavian[28]
12 Ardrossan Great Britain B.c. 1809 John Bull x Miss Whip by Volunteer[29]
12 Honeysuckle Great Britain B.m 2014 Sulamani x First Royal by Lando[30]
11 Goldfinder Great Britain B.c. 1764 Snap x mare by Blank[31]
11 Kurifuji (Toshifuji) Japan Ch.f. 1940 Tournesol (GB) x Kenfuji by Chapel Brampton (GB)
10 Handsomchamp USA Gr./R h. 2002 Fabulous Champ x Holly D by Hey Rob[32]
10 Nereide Germany B.f. 1933 Laland x Nella da Gabbio (ITY) by Grand Parade (GB)[33]
10 Tokino Minoru Japan B.c. 1948 Theft (IRE) x Daini Tyrant's Queen (GB) by Soldennis[30]
9 Bahram Great Britain B.c. 1932 Blandford x Friar's Daughter by Friar Marcus. Triple Crown winner.
9 Combat Great Britain Br.c. 1944 Big Game x Commotion by Mieuxce (FR)[34]
9 Grand Flaneur Australia B.c. 1877 Yattendon x First Lady (GB) by St. Albans[35]
9 Patience Hungary Ch.f. 1902 Bona Vista x (GB) Podagra (GB) by Galopin[30][34]
9 Regulus Great Britain B.c. 1739 Godolphin Arabian x Grey Robinson by Bald Galloway[36]
9 St. Simon Great Britain B.c. 1881 Galopin x St. Angela by King Tom[37]
8 La Cressonniere France b.f. 2013 Le Havre x Absolute Lady by Galileo[38]
8 Alipes Great Britain Br. or b. f. 1757 Regulus x Lusty by Locust[39]
8 American Eclipse United States Ch.c. 1814 Duroc x Miller's Damsel by Messenger[40]
8 United States gr.c. 2013 x Ghost Canyon, by Indian Charlie[41]
8 Caracalla France B.c 1942 Tourbillon x Astronomie by Asterus[30]
8 Maruzensky Japan b. c. 1974 Nijinsky II x Shill by Buckpasser
8 Sweetbriar Great Britain Ch. c 1769 Syphon x mare (1763), by Shakespeare[42]
8 Tiffin Great Britain b. f. 1926 Tetratema x Dawn-wind, by Sunstar
8 Sensations United States Br.c. 1877 Leamington x Susan Beane, by Lexington[29]
8 Rare Brick United States Blk.c. 1983 Rare Performer x Windy Brick, by Mr. Brick[29]
7 Cluster of Stars United States B.f. 2009 Greely's Galaxy x Babyurthegreatest, by Honour and Glory[43]
7 El Rio Rey United States B.h. 1887 Norfolk x Marian by Malcolm[44]
7 Kitano Dai O Japan Ch.c. 1965 Die Hard x Kitano Hikari by Tosa Midori
7 Malt Queen Australia Br.f. 1905 Maltster x Her Majesty by Sunrise[45]
7 Mannamead Great Britain B.h. 1929 Manna x Pinprick by Torpoint[45]
7 Perdita II Great Britain B.m. 1881 Hampton x Hermione by Young Melbourne[34]
7 The Tetrarch Ireland Gr.c. 1911 Roi Herode (FR) x Vahren by Bona Vista[34]
7 Zarkava Ireland B.f. 2005 Zamindar (USA) x Zarkasha by Kahyasi[46]
7 Rodolph United States B.c. 1831 either Sir Archy Montorio or x Haxall's Moses Mare, by Haxall's Moses[29]
7 Monarch United States B.c. 1834 Priam x Delphine, by Whisker[29]
7 Salvator France Ch.c. 1872 Dollar x Sauvagine, by Ion[29]
7 Viani Italy B.c. 1967 Acropolis x Violante Vanni, by Yorick[29]
7 Itajara Brazil Br.c. 1983 Felicio x Apple Honey, by Falkland[29]
6 Bay Middleton Great Britain B.c. 1833 Sultan x Cobweb by Phantom
6 Bustin Stones United States Ch.h. 2004 City Zip x Shesasurething by Prospectors Gamble[47]
6 Candy Ride Argentina B.c. 1999 Ride The Rails (USA) x Candy Girl by Candy Stripes (USA)
6 Cavaliere d'Arpino Italy B.c. 1926 Havresac II (FR) x Chuette (GB) by Cicero[30]
6 Claude Italy B.h. 1964 Hornbeam (GB) x Aigue-Vive (FR) by Vatellor[48]
6 Flying Childers Great Britain B.c. 1714 Darley Arabian x Betty Leedes by Wharton's Careless[49]
6 Hurry On Great Britain Ch.c. 1913 Marcovil x Tout Suite by Sainfoin[30]
6 Justify United States Ch.c. 2015 Scat Daddy x Stage Magic by Ghostzapper. Triple Crown winner.[50]
6 Quintessence Great Britain B.f. 1900 St. Frusquin x Margarine by Petrarch
6 Tolgus Great Britain B.h. 1923 Stefan the Great x Rosa Croft by Lemberg[51]
6 Dismal Great Britain Buc.c. 1733 Godolphin Arabian x Alcock Arabian Mare, by Alcock's Arabian[29]
6 Aldford Great Britain Br.c. 1911 Mauvezin x Mangalmi, by William the Third[29]
6 Payaso Argentina B.c. 1929 Re-Echo x Payasada, by Pippermint[29]
6 Albany Girl Great Britain Ch.f. 1935 Duncan Gray x Vestalia, by Abbot's Trace[29]
6 Windsor Slipper Ireland B.c. 1939 Windsor Lad x Carpet Slipper, by Phalaris[29]
6 Manantial Argentina Blk.c. 1955 Gulf Stream x Magda, by Full Sail[29]
5 Ajax France B.h. 1901 Flying Fox x Amie by Clamart
5 Dice United States B.h. 1925 Dominant x Frumpery by Chicle[52]
5 Emerson Brazil B.c. 1958 Coaraze (FR) x Empenosa by Full Sail (GB)[30][53]
5 Fasliyev Ireland B.h. 1997 Nureyev x Mr P's Princess by Mr. Prospector[54]
5 Husson Argentina Ch.h. 2003 Hussonet (USA) ex Villa Elisa (CHI) by Roy[55]
5 Kneller Great Britain Ch.c. 1985 Lomond x Fruition by Rheingold[56]
5 Landaluce United States B/br.f. 1980 Seattle Slew x Strip Poker by Bold Bidder. Champion 2yo filly[57]
5 Landgraf Germany B.c. 1914 Louviers (GB) x Ladora (GB) by Ladas[30]
5 United States B.c. 1861 Lexington x Novice by Glencoe (GB)[26]
5 Precocious Great Britain B.c. 1981 Mummy's Pet x Mrs Moss by Reform[56]
5 Reset Australia B.h. 2000 Zabeel x Assertive Lass by Zeditave
5 Teofilo Ireland B.h. 2004 Galileo x Speirbhean by Danehill[58]
5 Queen's Logic Ireland Ch. f. 1999 Grand Lodge x Lagrion by Diesis[59]
5 Albert Great Britain B.c. 1827 Moses x Varennes, by Selim[29]
5 Frontin France Ch.c. 1880 George Frederick x Frolicsome, by Weatherbit[29]
5 Pazman Austria B.c. 1916 Pardon x Patrie, by Gaga[29]
5 Melody Argentia B.f. 1947 Meadow x Elegy, by Rustom Pasha[29]
5 Paddy's Sister Ireland B.f. 1957 Ballyogan x Birthday Wood, by Bois Roussel[29]
5 Eileen's Choice Great Britain B.f. 1967 Tin Whistle x Belle Cigale, by Beau Sabreur[29]
5 Star Shower Australia Ch.c. 1976 Star of Heaven x Show, by Novalis[29]
4 Nadal United Stakes B.c 2017 Blame x Ascending Angel by Pulpit
4 Agnes Tachyon Japan ch.h. 1998 Sunday Silence x Agnes Flora by Royal Ski. Won Satsuki Sho.[60]
4 Catchascatchcan Great Britain B.f. 1995 Pursuit of Love x Catawba by Mill Reef. Yorkshire Oaks.
4 Drone United States Gr.c. 1966 Sir Gaylord x Cap and Bells by Tom Fool. Notable broodmare sire.[61]
4 Fuji Kiseki Japan blk.h 1992 Sunday Silence x Millracer by Le Fabuleux. Champion two-year-old.[62]
4 Golden Fleece United States B.c. 1979 Nijinsky II (CAN) x Exotic Treat by Vaguely Noble. Won Epsom Derby.[63]
4 Lammtarra United States Ch.c. 1992 Nijinsky II (CAN) x Snow Bride by Blushing Groom. Three Group 1 victories.[64]
4 Madelia France Ch.m. 1974 Caro x Moonmadness by Tom Fool. French champion 3yo filly.[65]
4 Mastery United States Dk. b.c. 2014 Candy Ride x Steady Course by Old Trieste. Cash Call Futurity.[66]
4 Raise a Native United States Ch.c. 1961 Native Dancer x Raise You by Case Ace.[67] Champion two-year-old colt and noted sire.
4 Snap Great Britain Blk.c. 1750 Snip x Sister to Slipby by Fox. Noted sire.[68]
4 Vindication United States B.h. 2000 Seattle Slew x Strawberry Reason by Strawberry Road.[69] Breeders' Cup Juvenile.
4 White Moonstone United States B.f. 2008 Dynaformer x Desert Gold by Seeking the Gold. Fillies Mile.[70]
4 Tennessee Oscar United States B.c. 1814 Wilke's Wonder x Rosy Clack, by Saltram[29]
4 Clairvaux Great Britain Ch.c. 1880 Hermit x Devotion, by Stockwell[29]
4 Magus Austria-Hundary Br.c. 1891 Ercildoune x Mascotte, by Forbidden Fruit[29]
4 Ball's Florizel United States Ch.c. 1801 Diomed x Atkinson's Shark Mare, by Shark[29]
4 Saphir Austria-Hungary Ch.c. 1894 Chamant x Sappho, by Wisdom[29]
4 Morazzona Italy B.f. 1939 Cameronian x Milldoria, by Milton[29]
4 Ocarina France Ch.c. 1947 Bubbles x Montagnana, by Brantôme[29]
4 Pharsalia Great Britain Ch.f. 1954 Panorama x Verdura, by Court Martial[29]
4 Blood Royal Ireland B.c. 1971 Ribot x Natashka, by Dedicate[29]
4 Saratoga Six United States B.c. 1982 Alydar x Priceless Fame, by Irish Castle
3 Kantharos United States Ch,h 2008 Lion Heart x Contessa Halo, by Southern Halo
3 Army Mule United States b h 2014 Friesian Fire x Crafty Toast by Crafty Professor. Carter Handicap.[71]
3 Blue Train Great Britain Ch.c. 1944 Blue Peter x Sun Chariot (IRE) by Hyperion[56]
3 Boniform New Zealand B.h. 1904 Multiform x Otterden (GB) by Sheen[72]
3 Cobweb Great Britain B.f. 1821 Phantom x Filagree by Soothsayer. Winner of 1000 Guineas and Oaks.
3 Danzig United States B.c. 1977 Northern Dancer (CAN) x Pas De Nom by Admiral's Voyage. Leading sire.[73]
3 Footstepsinthesand Ireland B.c. 2002 Giant's Causeway x Glatisant by Rainbow Quest. Won 2000 Guineas.[74]
3 Meadowlake United States Ch.c. 1983 Hold Your Peace x Suspicious Native by Raise a Native. G1 winner.[75]
3 Pharis France Bl.c. 1936 Pharos (GB) x Carissima by Clarissimus.[30] Noted sire.
3 Quorto Ireland B.c. 2016 Dubawi x Volume, by Mount Nelson
3 Pronto Argentina B.c. 1958 Timor x Prosperina by Gusty[30]
3 Valyra Great Britain B.f. 2008 Azamour x Valima by Linamix[76]
3 In Tune United States Gr.f. 2011 Unbridled's Song x Wichitoz by Affirmed. G2 winner

Federico Tesio bred several undefeated champions including Nearco, Ribot, Braque, and Cavaliere d'Arpino, whom he considered the best horse that he ever bred.[27]

Cherimoya, 1908, won The Oaks at her only start.

Undefeated horses without five known starts[]

Nordlicht (chestnut horse 1941–1968, by Oleander x Nereide, by Laland) was also undefeated after an unknown number of starts. His victories included the Deutsches Derby and Austrian Derby.[77] Middleton and Amato had one start each with both of them winning The Derby and then retiring. Cherimoya did likewise when she won The Oaks in her only start. Morston (colt by Ragusa x Windmill Girl by Hornbeam) had two starts, winning both, the second of which was the 1973 Epsom Derby. Sailor won both his races, including the 1820 Epsom Derby. Suspender had three starts, in smaller races, for three wins.[78] Don Juan by Loyalist, Ball's Florizel (1801), Mirza by the Godolphin Arabian, and Lecturer (1869), were also unbeaten, but the number of their wins is unknown.[79]

Most wins[]

Kingston, winner of 89 races

There have been only 7 horses to win over 100 races, most of them coming from Puerto Rico in restricted racing. The all time record, recognized by the Guinness World Records, goes to Chorisbar who won 197 times over the course of 324 career starts.[80] Condado, a chestnut horse who raced in Puerto Rico from 1936-1943, won a grand total of 152 times<.ref>"Condado Nativos".</ref> Galgo Jr earned 137 wins in 159 starts from 1930 to 1936.[81] while Cofresi who won 119 races,[82] racing at around the same time as Condado. The only horse to win over 100 races that is not from Puerto Rico is Ritmo Criollo, who was bred in Ecuador. He raced in Peru, running 165 times at the Hipódromo Arequipa and winning 66, as well as running 65 times at the Hipódromo de Monterrico, winning 36. Combined he raced 230 times and won 102 of them with 32 second-place finishes, and 33 thirds.[83]

In the United States, Kingston (by Spendthrift) had 138 starts and won 89 of these, including 30 stakes-races. According to the American Horse Racing Hall of Fame, his 89 wins set the all-time record. Commencing a winning sequence as a four-year-old on 21 August 1888, Kingston had 35 race starts until 30 May 1891 during which he was defeated only twice.[84] Bankrupt won 86 races from 348 starts, and he was also by Spendthrift.[85] Tippety Witchet (1915, by Broomstick) started 266 times for 78 wins.[86]

Catherina (1830, by Whisker) started in 176 races and won 79 of them, many over long distances, including the Manchester Cup, Tradesmen's Cup, and Heaton Park's King's Cup.[87][81] Many of Catherina's races were heat races, and she therefore actually faced the starter 298 times and was the first past the finish line 136 times, including two disqualifications, one walkover, and two dead-heats.

Pan Zareta started 151 times with 76 wins. Jorrocks won 65 times, Vuelve Candy B. won 63 and Imp won 62.

Successive victories[]

Camarero after 56 consecutive race wins

The horses who were defeated but had ten or more consecutive race wins include

Zenyatta gallops off to the 13th of 19 straight victories in the Lady's Secret
The undefeated Norfolk

‡ Mare

*The ninth race in Kelso's streak was earned via disqualification.[158]

Timoleon (1813) won 13 consecutive races and sired National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame horse Boston (1833), who started in about 45 races, winning 40, including 15 in succession. Boston then sired Lexington, who had 7 starts for 6 wins and a place. Lexington in turn sired Kentucky (23 starts, 21 wins), plus the undefeated Asteroid and Norfolk.

Horses with long sequences of jumping victories include Sir Ken, who won 16 hurdle races in England; and Poethlyn, who won 11 steeplechases in succession, including two Grand National races.[180]

Most wins in one season[]

Citation won 19 races at three, including the Triple Crown
  • 38 – Condado (1937) (PR)[91]
  • 35 – Condado (1940) (PR)[91]
  • 30 – Jorrocks, also known as The Iron Gelding, won 30 of his 31 starts in 1846, carrying no less than nine stone (126 lbs) over the usual distances of two or three miles, Galgo Jr[81] won 30 races in 1931 at age three. Condado (1938) (PR)[91]
  • 29 – Camarero won 29 races in 1955 at the age of 4[96]
  • 27 – Condado (1939) (PR)[91]
  • 25 – Galgo Jr (1935)[81]
  • 23 – Fisherman won 23 races in 1856 as a three-year-old, winning from 1/2 mile to 3 miles.[81], Bachiller (1945),(PR)[108]
  • 22 – Luke Blackburn (1880), in 24 starts, Fisherman in 1957
  • 21 – Fisherman,[35] Picnic in the Park (AUS) from 23 starts including breaking down in final race, Top Ace (AUS),[96] Imp, Galgo Jr (1930),[81] Lilian as a five-year-old in 1874,[81] Alice Hawthorn as a 6 year old in 1844 won 20 races and one dead-heat[81]
  • 20 – Hanover
  • 19 – Bachiller (1948) (PR)[108] Citation (1948),Cocoliso (1944)[141] in 20 starts; Camarero (1954, Puerto Rico); Roseben (1905), in 29 starts,[96] Rapid Redux (2011, USA),[181] Phar Lap (AUS) Vuelve Candy B. (1993), Galgo Jr (1932)[81]
  • 18 – Bo Judged (1989),[182] Hindoo (1881), Clifford (1893), Camarero (1953, Puerto Rico), Galgo Jr (1934),[81]
  • 17 – Kincsem (1877, Hungary), Capa Prieto (PR)[183]
  • 16 – Bachiller (1946),(PR)[108] Cocoliso (1943)[141]Provideo,[184] Timeless Times[96] Sweetmeat (GB),[185] The Bard (1883, GB), Princesa (PR)[186]Wiso G (PR)[187]
  • 15 – Alsab, Condado (PR) (1941),[91] Mainbrace (NZ),[96] Old Rosebud (1917), Kingston (1891), Kincsem (Hun), Pan Zareta (1913 & 1915), Round Table (1957), Vuelve Candy B. (1991), Galgo Jr (1933)[81]
  • 14 – Ajax, Desert Gold (NZ)‡, Phar Lap (NZ), Round Table (1958), Tulloch (NZ),[96] Twilight Tear, Billy Kelly, Kingston (1889)
  • 13 –Bambera (VEN),Cocoliso (1942)[141] Firenze, Gloaming, Grey Way (NZ), Nagwa,[184] Spindrifter,[188] Uncle Remus,[96] El Manut (PAN)[189] Whirlaway (1941), Hurley Road (1981), Buckpasser, Ben Brush,[190] Kingston (1887–1892),Music Express (1990) Tremont, Henry of Navarre, Vuelve Candy B. (1992 & 1994), Dungannon
  • 12 – Beldame, Colin (USA), Cherokee Pepper (PR), Cocoliso (1945,1946)[141] Emperor of Norfolk, Firenze, Kingston Town (AUS), Kincsem (Hun), Surround‡,[96] Mac Diarmida (USA), Zev (USA), Coaltown (USA), Damascus (USA), Roamer (USA),[191] Mister Frisky (USA), Parole,Verset's Dancer (PR)[192] Verset's Jet (PR)[193] Whirlaway (1942)
  • 11 – Almendra (PR),[194] Man o' War (USA), (1946 and 1947), Duke of Magenta, Don Paco (PR), Don Piero (PR),Estrellero (PR), Poseidon, Proud Miss‡,[96] Soba,[195] Vindaloo,[196] Red Craze, Cicada, Discovery, Seabiscuit, Bold Ruler, Princess Doreen, La Voyageuse
  • 10 – Bernborough (AUS),Blow the Whistle (USA), Bo Judged (1988)[182] Busher (USA), Carbine (NZ), Cigar (USA), Count Fleet (USA),El Rebelde[197] Equipoise (USA), Exterminator (1920–1922), Kindergarten (NZ), Kincsem (Hun), Lady's Secret (1985 and 1986), Mended,[198] Hurley Road (1982), Miracle Man (JAM) Music Express (1992), Nashua (USA), Ormonde (GB),Pikotazo (MEX), Rising Fast (NZ), Saginaw, Sarazen (USA), Sicótico (DOM),[199] Spectacular Bid (USA), Trafalgar,[45] Tom Fool (USA), Tosmah, Tuscalee (USA), Miss Woodford

Most group / grade one (G1) wins[]

Hurricane Fly being walked by his handlers before a race
Beholder (outside) overtaking Songbird in the Distaff for her eleventh Grade I win
Sceptre by Emil Adam
Black Caviar before the Diamond Jubilee Stakes

To identify the highest quality races, the pattern race system was introduced in Europe in 1971, followed by the graded stakes system in North America in 1974.[200] Other countries followed suit, though the criteria and quality has not always been consistent between racing jurisdictions. The following list considers horses that won grade one / group one races that were open for International competition. Winners of local (restricted) group / grade one wins are not included.

The horses with ten or more such G1 race wins are:

‡ Mare

In 1902 Sceptre became the only racehorse to win four British Classic Races outright. Previously, in 1868, Formosa won the same four races but dead-heated in the 2,000 Guineas Stakes.[235]

Successive group / grade one (G1) wins[]

This list shows horses who won a series of Grade/Group 1 races without a loss and without an intervening race at a lower level of competition.

‡ Mare

Successive Stakes wins[]

  • 33 – Winx‡
  • 23 – Black Caviar‡
  • 17 – Zenyatta‡
  • 16 – El Manut (PAN)[237]
  • 15 – Citation, Man o War
  • 13 – Cigar, Colin, Tremont
  • 12 – Brigadier Gerard, Spectacular Bid, Frankel
  • 11 – Enable‡,[144] Kingston Town, Ormonde, Pink Lloyd, Tom Fool, Va Bank
  • 10 – Star Guitar, Songbird‡, Stradivarius, Sysonby

‡ = Filly or mare

Once-defeated horses[]

Below is a list of Thoroughbred racehorses who were defeated once. The list is not comprehensive for otherwise unnotable horses with fewer than ten wins.

Horses such as Wheel of Fortune, Barbaro, Ruffian and Vanity (1812, either 10:9-0-0 or 12:11-0-0[238]) sustained injury or broke down in their only defeat.

Wins
 Horse
 Origin
 Details
 History
 Race defeated
27:26–1–0 Giles The First Austria-Hungary Br.H. 1860 St Giles x Lady Shrewsbury by Launcelot 1863 Continental St Leger (Baden Baden) 2nd by neck
22:21–1–0 Native Dancer United States Gr.h. 1950 Polynesian x Geisha by Discovery 1953 Kentucky Derby 2nd
21:20–1–0 Man o' War United States Ch.h. 1917 Fair Play x Mahubah by Rock Sand Sanford Stakes 2nd
20:19–1–0 Zenyatta United States B/br.f. 2004 Street Cry x Vertigineux by Kris S. 2010 Breeders' Cup Classic 2nd
19:18–0–0 Hambletonian Great Britain B.h. 1792 King Fergus x Grey Highflyer by Highflyer[239]
19-18-0-0 Friponnier Great Britain Ch.h. 1864 Chevalier Dindustrie x Tension by Teddington lost his 5th start
19:18–0–0 Squanderer India B.c. 1973 Valoroso (GB) x Milky Way (IND), by Scamperdale (GB)[240]
18:17–1–0 Botafogo Argentina Ch.h. 1914 Old Man x Korea (GB) by Raeburn[30]
18:17–1–0 Brigadier Gerard Great Britain B.h. 1968 Queen's Hussar x La Paiva by 1972 Benson & Hedges Gold Cup 2nd
18:17–0–0 Venezuela B.h. 1960 Show Ring x Gradara by
17-16-0-0 Minimo Turkey Blk.f. 1968 (Cihangir – Mighty Mo, by Big Game (GB) Lost her maiden
16:15–1–0 The Flying Dutchman Great Britain Br.h. 1846 Bay Middleton x Barbelle by Sandbeck 1850 Doncaster Cup 2nd
15:14–0–1 Sysonby United States B.h. 1902 Melton x Optime by Orme Sheepshead Bay Futurity 3rd
14:13–1–0 Camarine Great Britain Ch.f. 1828 Juniper x Rubens mare by Rubens Maiden race 2nd
12:11–0–0 Alba Germany B.h. 1927 Wallenstein x Arabis by Ard Patrick[30]
12:11–0–0 Invasor Argentina B.h 2002 Candy Stripes x Quendom by Interprete 2005 UAE Derby 4th
12:11–1–0 Isinglass Great Britain B. h. 1890 Isonomy x Deadlock by Wenlock Lancashire Plate 2nd
12:11-0-0[238] La Vraie Reine United States B.f. 1848 Sovereign x Veracity by Pacific Withdrawn from 4-mile heat race
11–10–1–0 Leonatus United States B.h. 1880 Longfellow x Semper Felix by Phaeton 2nd in Maiden Stakes, only race at 2
11:10–1–0 Queen of Trumps Great Britain Br.f. 1832 Velocipede x Princess Royal by Castrel 1835 Scarborough Stakes (attacked by dog)
11:10–0–1 Wheel of Fortune Great Britain B.f. 1869 Adventurer x Queen Berths by Kingston 1879 Great Yorkshire Stakes
11:10–0–1 Galopin Great Britain Br.h. 1872 Vedette x Flying Duchess by The Flying Dutchman 1874 Middle Park Plate 3rd
11:10–1–0 Imi Hungary B.h. 1953 Internezzo x Minci by Mannamead[30]
11:10–0–0 Ruffian United States Dk b/br.f. 1972 Reviewer x Shenanigans by Native Dancer Match race against Foolish Pleasure DNF
11:10–1–0 Atlantic Jewel Australia B.f. 2008 Fastnet Rock x Regard by Zabeel 2013 Underwood Stakes 2nd
11:10–0–0 Awesome Feather United States B.f. 2008 Awesome of Course x Precious Feather by Gone West Breeders' Cup Ladies Classic 6th
10:9–1–0 Alleged United States B.h. 1974 Hoist the Flag x Princess Pout by Prince John 1977 St. Leger Stakes 2nd
10:9–1–0 Divine Proportions United States B.f. 2002 Kingmambo x Myth to Reality by Sadler's Wells 2005 Prix Jacques Le Marois 2nd
10:9–1–0 Don John Great Britain B.h. 1835 Waverley x Comus mare by 1839 Port Stakes 2nd
10:9–0–0 Dubai Millennium Great Britain B.h. 1996 Seeking The Gold x Colorado Dancer by Shareef Dancer 1999 Epsom Derby 7th
10:9–1–0 Forli Argentina Ch.h. 1963 Aristophanes (GB) x Trevisa by Advocate (GB)[241] Citation Handicap 2nd
10:9–0–1 Horse Chestnut South Africa Ch.h. 1995 x London Wall by Morris Lipschitz Juvenile Plate 3rd
10:9–1–0 Majestic Prince United States Ch.h. 1966 Raise a Native x Gay Hostess by Royal Charger 2nd
10:9–1–0 United States Dkb/br.h. 1982 Clever Trick x Over the Phone by Finnegan Tom Fool Stakes 2nd
10:9–0–0 Stopshoppingdebbie United States Dkb/br.f. 2010 Curlin x Taste the Passion by Wild Again 2014 L.A Woman 5th
10:9–1–0 West Australian Great Britain B.h. 1850 Melbourne x Mowerina by Touchstone. Triple Crown winner.[242] Criterion Stakes 2nd
9:8–1–0 Dante Great Britain Br.h. 1942 Nearco x Rosy Legend by Dark Legend[30] 1945 2000 Guineas Stakes, 2nd
9:8–1–0 Donatello II France[243] Ch.h. 1934 Blenheim (GB) x Delleana (ITY) by Clarissimus (GB)[30]
9:8–1–0 King Glorious United States Dkb/br.h. 1986 Naevus x Glorious Natalie by Reflected Glory 1989 Gold Tush 2nd
9:8–1–0[30] Herold Germany[243] Br.h. 1917 Dark Ronald x Hornisse by Ard Patrick
9:8–1–0[30] Mistress Ford France B.f. 1933 Blandford (IRE) x Polly Flinders II by Teddy
9:8–0–0 Sea the Stars Ireland B.h. 2006 Cape Cross x Urban Sea by Miswaki Maiden race
9:8–1–0[30] Sicambre France Br.h. 1948 x Sif by Rialto 1950 Prix Morny, 2nd
9:8–1–0 Smarty Jones United States Ch.h. 2001 Elusive Quality x I'll Get Along by Smile 2004 Belmont Stakes, 2nd
9:8–0–1[30] Sun Chariot Ireland B.f. 1939 Hyperion x Clarence by Diligence
9:8–1–0 Horometer Canada Br.g. 1931 Hourless x Star Pal by North Star
9:8–1–0 Dalakhani Ireland Gr.h. 2000 Darshaan x Daltawa by Miswaki 2003 Irish Derby, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Kingman United Kingdom B.h. 2011 x Zenda by Zamindar 2014 2000 Guineas Stakes, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Graustark United States Ch.h. 1963 Ribot x Flower Bowl by Alibhai[30] 1966 Blue Grass Stakes, 2nd
8:7–0–0 Big Brown United States B.h. 2005 Boundary x Mien by Nureyev 2008 Belmont Stakes DNF
8:7–0–0 Hula Dancer United States Gr.f. 1960 Native Dancer x Flash On Polynesian 1963 Prix de Diane 5th
8:7–0–0 King Kamehameha Japan B.h. 2001 Kingmambo x Manfath by Last Tycoon 2004 Keisei Hai
8:7–0–0 Reel United States Gr.m. 1838 Glencoe (GB) x Gallopade by Catton[244]
8:7–0–0 United States B.h. 2001 Theatrical x Lady Shirl by That's a Nice 2005 Breeders' Cup Turf
8:7–1–0 Sea Bird France Ch.h. 1962 Dan Cupid x Sicalade by Sicalade 1964 Grand Critérium, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Macaroni United Kingdom B.h. 1860 Sweetmeat x Jocose by Pantaloon debut race at 1862
8:7–1–0 El Gran Senor United States B.h. 1981 Northern Dancer x Sex Appeal by Buckpasser 1984 Epsom Derby, 2nd
8:7–1–0 Sinndar Ireland B.h. 1997 Grand Lodge x Sinntara by Lashkari 2000 Ballysax Stakes, 2nd
8:7–0–1 Grand Parade Ireland Blk.h. 1916 Orby x Grand Geraldine by Desmond Moulton Stakes 3rd
8:7–0–1 United States Dkb/br.f. 2014 Surf Cat x Sister Sally by In Excess ) San Clemente Handicap 3rd[245]
8:7–0–0 Rock Fall United States Dkb/br.h. 2011 Speightstown x Renda by Medaglia d'Oro 8th in debut race
7:6–1–0 St Patrick Great Britain Ch.h. 1817 Walton x Dick Andrews mare by
7:6–1–0 Lexington United States B.h. 1850 Boston x Alice Carneal by Sarpedon (GB) Jockey Club Purse 2nd[246]
7:6–1–0 Partner Great Britain Ch.h. 1718 Jigg x Sister to Mixbury, by Curwen's Bay Barb[247]
7:6–0–0 Barbaro United States B.h. 2003 Dynaformer x La Ville Rouge by Carson City 2006 Preakness Stakes DNF
7–6–1–0 Eternal Rule Canada Dkb/br.g. 2008 Tribal Rule x Eternal Legend, By Gold Legend 2012 Bold Venture Stakes 2nd
7:6–0–0 Val d'Or France B.h. 1902 Flying Fox x Wandora by Bruce
6:5–0–1 Graydar United States Gr.h. 2009 Unbridled's Song x Sweetest Smile by Dehere 3rd allowance
6:5–1–0 Hoist the Flag United States B.h. 1968 Tom Rolfe x Wavy Navy by War Admiral Champagne Stakes, DQ[248]
6:5–1–0 Hong Kong 1995 x Attempting by Try My Best
6:5–1–0 United States B.h. 2006 Harlan's Holiday x Act So Noble by Wavering Monarch Maiden, third[249]
6:5–1–0 Meld Great Britain B.f. 1952 Alycidon x Daily Double by Fair Trial
6:5–1–0 Sebring Australia Ch.c. 2005 More Than Ready x Pure Speed by Flying Spur[250]
6:5–1–0 Voltaire Great Britain Br.h. 1826 Blacklock x mare by Phantom
6:5–0–0 Zilzal United States Ch.c 1986 Nureyev x French Charmer by Le Fabuleux 1989 Breeders' Cup Mile, 6th
5–4–0–1 Common Great Britain Ch.h. 1888 Isomony x Thistle by Scottish Chief 3rd in debut race
5:4–1–0 Bletchingly Australia Br.h. 1970 Biscay x Coogee (GB) by Relic (USA)
5:4–1–0 Riddlesworth Great Britain Ch.h. 1828 Emilius x Fillagree by Soothsayer 1831 Epsom Derby 2nd
5:4–0–1 Apalachee United States B.h. 1971 Round Table x Moccasin by 3rd in 2000 Guineas
5:4–0–1 Noblesse Ireland Ch.f. 1960 Mossborough x Duke's Delight by His Grace 3rd in Prix Vermeille
5:4–0–0 Magnum Moon United States B.h. 2015 Malibu Moon x Dazzling Song by Unbridled's Song 19th in Kentucky Derby
5-4-0-0 Flanders United States Ch.f. 1992 Seeking The Gold x Starlet Storm by Storm Bird Matron Stakes DQ (finished 1st)
5:4–1–0 Barremina United States Ch.h. 1971 Royal Medal – Bacacay, by Moslem(ARG) 2nd in Clasico Louis Martinz
4–3–1–0 Violence United States Dkb/br.h. 2010 Medaglia d'Oro x Violent Beauty by Gone West 2nd Fountain of youth
4–3–0–0 Smooth Roller United States B.g. 2011 Hard Spun x Catch the Moment by Unbridled 4th in the Harry F Brubaker
4:3–1–0[30] Blandford Ireland Br.h. 1919 Swynford x Blanche by White Eagle
4–3–0–0 Buddha United States Gr.h. 1999 Unbridled's Song x Cahooters by Storm Cat 10th debut race
4:3–0–0 Wild Dayrell Great Britain Br.h. 1852 Ion x Ellen Middleton by Cain. Won Epsom Derby.
4-3-0-0 Demarchelier Great Britain B.h. 2016 Dubawi x Loveisallyyouneed by Sadlers Wells 2019 Belmont Derby DNF
3:2–0–1 Bois Roussel Great Britain Br.h. 1935 Vatout x Plucky Liege by Spearmint. Won Epsom Derby.[251] 3rd Grand Prix de Paris
3–2–0–1 New Year's Day United States Br.h 2011 Street Cry x Justwhistledixie by Dixie Union 3rd debut race
3:2–0–0 Nureyev United States B.h. 1977 Northern Dancer x Special by Forli 2,000 Guineas Stakes DSQ (finished 1st)
3:2–0–0 Wilkes France Ch.h. 1952 Court Martial x Sans Tares (GB) by Sind[252]

$10 million prizewinning horses[]

Orfevre swoops on by to win the 72nd Kikuka Sho.
Deep Impact

The following horses have earned over $10 million in prize money. Most of them raced (at least in part) in Japan, Hong Kong, Australia and/or Dubai due to large purse sizes.[253] Where applicable, the conversion to US$ was made at the time the horse raced so does not reflect current exchange rates. Different methodologies for currency conversions may result in slightly different rankings.

  • Orfevre (Japan) 1,576,213,000 yen (US$19,005,276)[254]
  • Winx (AUS) A$26,421,176[92] (US$18,943,757)[255]
  • Gentildonna (Japan) JPY 1,326,210,000 (US$18,468,392)[256]
  • Almond Eye (JPN) 1,915,263,900 yen (US$$17,608,586)[257]
  • Arrogate (USA) US$17,422,600[258]
  • Buena Vista (Japan) JPY 1,478,869,700 (US$17,018,548)[259]
  • Kitasan Black 1,876,843,000 JPN yen, (US$16,572,523)
  • Thunder Snow (Ireland) US$16,391,476[260]
  • T M Opera O (Japan) JPY 1,835,189,000 (US$16,200,337)[253]
  • Gun Runner (USA) US$15,988,500
  • Mishriff (IRE) £11,090,523 (US$15,252,796)
  • Gold Ship (Japan) 1,397,767,000 yen (US$15,040,217)[261]
  • California Chrome (USA) US$14,752,650[262]
  • Enable (GB) £10,692,563 (US$14,020,645)[263]
  • Vodka 1,333,565,800 JPY (US$13,147,826)
  • Victoire Pisa 1,465,416,058.53 yen, US$12,891,734[264]
  • Deep Impact (Japan) 1,454,551,000 yen (US$12,825,285)[253]
  • Narita Brian (Japan) 1,026,916,000 yen (US$12,026,101)
  • Maximum Security (USA) US$11,891,900
  • Symboli Kris S (USA) 984,724,000 JPY (US$11,531,995)
  • Smart Falcon (JPN) (US$11,470,635)
  • Espoir City (JPN) (US$11,443,812)
  • (Japan) 1,168,607,500 yen (US$11,139,125)
  • Lys Gracieux (JPN) US$11,023,327[265]
  • Redzel (AUS) A$15,372,000 (US$10,935,640)
  • Beauty Generation HK$84,760,000 (US$10,806,476)
  • Makybe Diva (GB) A$14,526,685 (US$10,767,186). Raced in Australia.[253]
  • Hokko Tarumae (JPN) (US$10,703,689)
  • Curlin (USA) US$10,501,800
  • Viva Pataca (GB) HKD$81,297,500 (US$10,438,864.83)
  • Highland Reel (IRE) £7,513,355 (US$10,057,377.00)

Most of the above horses belong to the Nearco sireline, mostly through the branches established by Sunday Silence and Northern Dancer. However, Curlin, Arrogate, Winx and Gun Runner descend instead from the Native Dancer sire line through Mr. Prospector. Both Nearco and Native Dancer were grandsons of Phalaris.[251]

North American records[]

In 1951, Citation became the first horse to win one million dollars. In 1979, Affirmed became the first horse to break the two million dollar barrier,[266] finishing his career with earnings of $2.3 million. Spectacular Bid broke this record in 1980, amassing career earnings of $2.8 million.[267] Purses began to increase sharply soon afterwards thanks in large part to the Breeders' Cup. The next record holders were John Henry, who earned $6.6 million by the end of his career in 1984 and Alysheba, with earnings of $6.7 million by the end of his career in 1988. Cigar was the next to hold the North American earnings title, finishing his career in 1998 with earnings just shy of $10 million ($9,999,815). That remained the North American record until Curlin in 2008, who earned $10.5 million.[268] California Chrome broke this record in 2016 with career earnings of $14.8 million, and was in turn surpassed by Arrogate when he won the 2017 Dubai World Cup to take his career earnings over $17 million.[269]

See also[]

References[]

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