List of mammals of Panama

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This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Panama. Among the mammals in Panama, two are critically endangered, seven are endangered, eleven are vulnerable and three are near threatened. One species is classified as extinct.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Subclass: Theria[]

Infraclass: Metatheria[]

Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)[]

Common opossum

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

  • Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
    • Subfamily: Caluromyinae
    • Subfamily: Didelphinae
      • Genus: Chironectes
        • Water opossum, Chironectes minimus LR/nt
      • Genus: Didelphis
        • Common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis LR/lc
      • Genus: Marmosa
      • Genus: Marmosops
        • Panama slender opossum, Marmosops invictus LR/nt
      • Genus: Metachirus
        • Brown four-eyed opossum, Metachirus nudicaudatus LR/lc
      • Genus: Monodelphis
        • Sepia short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis adusta LR/lc
      • Genus: Philander
        • Gray four-eyed opossum, Philander opossum LR/lc

Infraclass: Eutheria[]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

West Indian manatees

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

  • Family: Trichechidae
    • Genus: Trichechus
      • West Indian manatee, T. manatus VU

Order: Cingulata (armadillos)[]

Nine-banded armadillo

Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. Two of twenty-one extant species are present in Panama; the remainder are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but went extinct following the appearance of humans.

  • Family: Dasypodidae (long-nosed armadillos)
    • Subfamily: Dasypodinae
      • Genus: Dasypus
        • Nine-banded armadillo, D. novemcinctus LC
  • Family: Chlamyphoridae (armadillos)
    • Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
      • Genus: Cabassous
        • Northern naked-tailed armadillo, C. centralis DD

Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)[]

Brown-throated three-toed sloth
Silky anteater
Giant anteater

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.

  • Suborder: Folivora
    • Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
      • Genus: Bradypus
        • Pygmy three-toed sloth, B. pygmaeus CR
        • Brown-throated three-toed sloth, B. variegatus LC
    • Family: Choloepodidae (two-toed sloths)
  • Suborder: Vermilingua
    • Family: Cyclopedidae
      • Genus: Cyclopes
        • Silky anteater, C. didactylus LC
        • , C. dorsalis NE
    • Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
      • Genus: Myrmecophaga
        • Giant anteater, M. tridactyla VU
      • Genus: Tamandua

Order: Primates[]

Geoffroy's spider monkey
Panamanian white-headed capuchin
Central American squirrel monkey

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes. All the non-human Panamanian primates are New World monkeys.

  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
        • Family: Aotidae
        • Family: Cebidae
          • Subfamily: Callitrichinae
          • Subfamily: Cebinae
            • Genus: Cebus
              • Colombian white-faced capuchin, Cebus capucinus LC
              • Panamanian white-faced capuchin, Cebus imitator LC
            • Genus: Saimiri
              • Central American squirrel monkey, Saimiri oerstedii VU
        • Family: Atelidae
          • Subfamily: Alouattinae
            • Genus: Alouatta
              • Mantled howler, Alouatta palliata LC
              • Coiba Island howler, Alouatta coibensis EN
          • Subfamily: Atelinae

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Red-tailed squirrel

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Sylvilagus
      • Dice's cottontail, Sylvilagus dicei VU
      • Eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus LR/lc
      • , Sylvilagus gabbi LC
      • , Sylvilagus incitatus NE

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)[]

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Mexican free-tailed bats
Honduran white bats
Common vampire bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Blue whale
Humpback whale
Pantropical spotted dolphin
Killer whales

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae (baleen whales)
      • Genus: Balaenoptera
        • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
        • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
        • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei
        • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
      • Genus: Megaptera
        • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Delphinus
          • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis DD
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Globicephala
          • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhyncus DD
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Orcinus
          • Killer whale, Orcinus orca DD
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
        • Genus: Sotalia
          • Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis DD
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata DD
          • Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene DD
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba DD
          • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris DD
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
      • Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter catodon DD
      • Family: Kogiidae (dwarf sperm whales)
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD
    • Superfamily Ziphioidea
      • Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
        • Genus: Mesoplodon
          • Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus DD
          • Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
          • Pygmy beaked whale, Mesoplodon peruvianus DD
        • Genus: Ziphius

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Ocelot
Coyote
Long-tailed weasel

There are over 260 species of carnivores, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Herpailurus
          • Jaguarundi, Herpailurus yagouaroundi LC
        • Genus: Leopardus
          • Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis LC
          • Oncilla, Leopardus tigrinus NT
          • Margay, Leopardus wiedii LC
        • Genus: Puma
          • Cougar, Puma concolor LC
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Jaguar, Panthera onca NT
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • Coyote, Canis latrans LC
      • Genus: Cerdocyon
        • Crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous LC[2]
      • Genus: Speothos
        • Bush dog, Speothos venaticus VU
      • Genus: Urocyon
        • Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus LC
    • Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
      • Genus: Bassaricyon
      • Genus: Bassariscus
        • Cacomistle, Bassariscus sumichrasti LR/nt
      • Genus: Nasua
        • White-nosed coati, Nasua narica LR/lc
      • Genus: Potos
        • Kinkajou, Potos flavus LR/lc
      • Genus: Procyon
        • Crab-eating raccoon, Procyon cancrivorus LR/lc
        • Common raccoon, Procyon lotor LR/lc
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Eira
        • Tayra, Eira barbara LR/lc
      • Genus: Galictis
      • Genus: Lontra
        • Neotropical river otter, Lontra longicaudis NT
      • Genus: Neogale
        • Long-tailed weasel, Neogale frenata LR/lc
    • Family: Mephitidae
      • Genus: Conepatus
        • Striped hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus semistriatus LR/lc
  • Suborder: Pinnipedia
    • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
      • Genus: Neomonachus
        • Caribbean monk seal, Neomonachus tropicalis EX

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Baird's tapir

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Collared peccary

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
    • Genus: Dicotyles
      • Collared peccary, Dicotyles tajacu LC
    • Genus: Tayassu
      • White-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari VU
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Lucherini, M. (2015). "Cerdocyon thous". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T4248A81266293. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T4248A81266293.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

References[]

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