List of mammals of Turkey

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This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 150 wild mammal fauna of Turkey. Two are critically endangered, two are endangered, fourteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' global status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the very last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species, and does not require protection of any kind.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Indian porcupine
European ground squirrel
Edible dormouse
Striped field mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw, which grow continually and are kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the porcupines can weigh up to 20 kg (44 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and picas)[]

  • Family: Leporidae
    • Genus: Lepus
      • European hare, L. europaeus LC[7]
    • Genus: Oryctolagus
      • European rabbit, O. cuniculus EN introduced[8]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

Long-eared hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

Lesser white-toothed shrew
Eurasian water shrew
Eurasian pygmy shrew

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Daubenton's bat
Serotine bat
Greater noctule bat
Brown long-eared bat

The bats' distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)[]

Risso's dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Genus: Balaenoptera
        • Common minke whale,[35] B. acutorostrata LC[36]
        • Fin whale,[37] B. physalus EN
  • Subfamily: Megapterinae
    • Genus: Megaptera
      • Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae LC[38]
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
      • Genus: Physeter
        • Sperm whale,[39] P. macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Ziphidae
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Phocoenidae
        • Genus: Phocoena
          • Harbour porpoise, P. phocoena VU
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus LC
        • Genus: Delphinus
          • Short-beaked common dolphin, D. delphis LC
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba LC
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Orcinus
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, P. crassidens LC[41]
        • Genus: Globicephala
          • Long-finned pilot whale,[39] G. melas LC

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

European wildcat
The European jackal (Canis aureus moreotica) is common in Aegean and Mediterranean coasts of the country
European polecat
European otter

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[51]
          • European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
        • Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[52]
          • Steppe wolf, C. l. campestris
          • Indian wolf, C. l. pallipes
      • Genus: Vulpes
        • Red fox, V. vulpes LC[53]
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
      • Genus: Ursus
        • Brown bear, U. arctos LC[54]
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Lutra
        • European otter, L. lutra NT[55]
      • Genus: Martes
        • Beech marten, M. foina LC[56]
        • European pine marten, M. martes LC[57]
      • Genus: Meles
      • Genus: Mustela
        • Stoat, M. erminea LC[58]
        • Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[59]
        • European polecat, M. putorius LC[60]
      • Genus: Vormela
        • Marbled polecat, V. peregusna VU[61]
    • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
      • Genus: Monachus
        • Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN[62]

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Even-toed ungulates' weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Locally extinct[]

The following species are locally extinct in Turkey:

  • Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber[73]
  • Persian fallow deer, Dama mesopotamica[74]
  • Onager, Equus hemionus[75]
  • Lion, Panthera leo[76]
  • Tiger, Panthera tigris[77][78]

See also[]

References[]

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External links[]

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