List of marine ecoregions

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The following is a list of marine ecoregions, as defined by the WWF and The Nature Conservancy

The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme groups the individual ecoregions into 12 marine realms, which represent the broad latitudinal divisions of polar, temperate, and tropical seas, with subdivisions based on ocean basins. The marine realms are subdivided into 62 marine provinces, which include one or more of the 232 marine ecoregions.

The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme currently encompasses only coastal and continental shelf areas.[a][b]

Arctic realm[]

(no provinces identified)

  • North Greenland
  • Hudson Complex
  • Lancaster Sound
  • Chukchi Sea
  • East Siberian Sea
  • Laptev Sea
  • Kara Sea
  • White Sea

Temperate Northern Atlantic[]

Northern European Seas[]

  • Southern Norway
  • Baltic Sea
  • North Sea
  • Celtic Seas

Lusitanian[]

Mediterranean Sea[]

  • Adriatic Sea
  • Aegean Sea
  • Levantine Sea
  • /Gulf of Sidra
  • Ionian Sea
  • Western Mediterranean
  • Alboran Sea

Black Sea[]

  • Black Sea

Cold Temperate Northwest Atlantic[]

  • Gulf of St. Lawrence-
  • Scotian Shelf
  • Gulf of Maine-Bay of Fundy
  • Virginian

[]

  • Carolinian

Temperate Northern Pacific[]

Cold Temperate Northwest Pacific[]

Warm Temperate Northwest Pacific[]

  • East China Sea

Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific[]

Warm Temperate Northeast Pacific[]

Tropical Atlantic[]

[]

[]

  • Guianian
  • Amazonia

[]

  • Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Islands
  • Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas
  • Northeastern Brazil
  • Eastern Brazil
  • Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands

St. Helena and Ascension Islands[]

  • St. Helena and Ascension Islands

[]

  • Cape Verde

Gulf of Guinea[]

  • Angolan

Western Indo-Pacific[]

[]

  • Southern Red Sea
  • Gulf of Aden

[]

  • Persian Gulf
  • Gulf of Oman

[]

[]

  • Western India

[]

  • Maldives
  • Chagos

Bay of Bengal[]

  • Eastern India

Andaman Sea[]

  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  • Western Sumatra

Central Indo-Pacific[]

South China Sea[]

  • Gulf of Tonkin
  • Southern China
  • South China Sea Oceanic Islands

Sunda Shelf[]

  • Gulf of Thailand
  • Southern Vietnam
  • Sunda Shelf/Java Sea
  • Malacca Strait

Java Transitional[]

  • Southern Java
  • Cocos-Keeling/Christmas Island

South Kuroshio[]

  • South Kuroshio

Tropical Northwestern Pacific[]

  • Ogasawara Islands
  • Mariana Islands
  • East Caroline Islands
  • West Caroline Islands

Western Coral Triangle[]

  • Palawan/North Borneo
  • Eastern Philippines
  • Sulawesi Sea/Makassar Strait
  • Halmahera
  • Papua
  • Banda Sea
  • Lesser Sunda
  • Northeast Sulawesi

Eastern Coral Triangle[]

  • Bismarck Sea
  • Solomon Archipelago
  • Solomon Sea
  • Southeast Papua New Guinea

Sahul Shelf[]

  • Gulf of Papua
  • Arafura Sea
  • Arnhem Coast to Gulf of Carpentaria
  • Bonaparte Coast

Northeast Australian Shelf[]

Northwest Australian Shelf[]

  • Exmouth to Broome
  • Ningaloo

Tropical Southwestern Pacific[]

Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands[]

  • Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands

Eastern Indo-Pacific[]

Hawaii[]

  • Hawaii

[]

  • Marshall Islands
  • Gilbert and Ellice Islands

[]

[]

  • Tuamotus
  • Society Islands

Marquesas[]

  • Marquesas

Easter Island[]

  • Easter Island

Tropical Eastern Pacific[]

Tropical East Pacific[]

  • Revillagigedos
  • Clipperton
  • Nicoya
  • Cocos Islands
  • Panama Bight
  • Guayaquil

Galapagos[]

Temperate South America[]

[]

  • Central Peru
  • Humboldtian
  • Central Chile
  • Araucanian

Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas[]

[]

  • Southeastern Brazil
  • Rio Grande
  • Rio de la Plata

Magellanic[]

Tristan-Gough[]

  • Tristan-Gough

Temperate Southern Africa[]

Benguela[]

  • Namib
  • Namaqua

Agulhas[]

Amsterdam-St Paul[]

Temperate Australasia[]

Northern New Zealand[]

  • Kermadec Islands (195)
  • (196)
  • (197)

Southern New Zealand[]

  • Chatham Island (198)
  • Central New Zealand (199)
  • South New Zealand (200)
  • Snares Island (201)

[]

[]

  • Cape Howe (204)
  • (205)
  • (206)

[]

  • South Australian Gulfs (207)
  • Great Australian Bight (208)
  • Leeuwin (209)

[]

  • Shark Bay (210)
  • Houtman (211)

Southern Ocean[]

Subantarctic Islands[]

  • Macquarie Island
  • Heard Island and McDonald Islands
  • Kerguelen Islands
  • Crozet Islands
  • Prince Edward Islands
  • Bouvet Island
  • Peter the First Island

Scotia Sea[]

[]

  • East Antarctic Wilkes Land
  • East Antarctic Enderby Land
  • East Antarctic Dronning Maud Land
  • Weddell Sea
  • Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea
  • Ross Sea

Subantarctic New Zealand[]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ One classification of the deep oceans is PPOW:
    Spalding, Mark D.; Agostini, Vera N.; Rice, Jake; Grant, Susie M. (2012). "Pelagic provinces of the world: A biogeographic classification of the world's surface pelagic waters". Ocean & Coastal Management. 60: 19–30. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.12.016. Paid subscription required
  2. ^ Ocean-floor environments are examined in Watling, et al. 2013:
    Watling, Les; Guinotte, John; Clark, Malcolm R.; Smith, Craig R. (April 2013). "A proposed biogeography of the deep ocean floor" (PDF). Progress in Oceanography. 111: 91–112. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.11.003.

References[]

  • Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.

External links[]

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