List of moths of Great Britain (Geometridae)

The family Geometridae is represented by over 300 species in Great Britain.

Subfamily Archiearinae[]

Archiearis parthenias, orange underwing — throughout (localized)
Archiearis notha, light orange underwing —south (Nationally Scarce B)

Subfamily Alsophilinae[]

March moth

Alsophila aescularia, March moth — throughout

Subfamily Geometrinae[]

Aplasta ononaria, rest harrow — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
Pseudoterpna coronillaria, Jersey emerald — Jersey
Pseudoterpna pruinata atropunctaria, grass emerald — throughout
Geometra papilionaria, large emerald — throughout
Comibaena bajularia, blotched emerald — south & centre (localized)
, Essex emerald — south-east, presumed extinct
Hemithea aestivaria, common emerald — south & central
Chlorissa viridata, small grass emerald — south & west-central (Nationally Scarce A)
[Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria, blackberry looper — probable import]
Thalera fimbrialis, Sussex emerald — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
Hemistola chrysoprasaria, small emerald — south & central (localized) (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Jodis lactearia, little emerald — south, central & north-west (localized)

Subfamily Sterrhinae[]

Maiden's blush

Cyclophora pendularia, dingy mocha — south (Red Data Book) ‡
Cyclophora annularia, mocha — south (Nationally Scarce B)
Cyclophora albipunctata, birch mocha — throughout
Cyclophora puppillaria, Blair's mocha — immigrant
Cyclophora porata, false mocha — south & central (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
Cyclophora punctaria, maiden's blush — south & central (localized)
Cyclophora linearia, clay triple-lines —south & central (localized)
, blood-vein — south & central; localized in north (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Scopula immorata, Lewes wave — probably extinct
Scopula nigropunctata, sub-angled wave — south-east (Red Data Book)

Small blood-vein

[Scopula virgulata, streaked wave — old, unconfirmed record]
[Scopula decorata, middle lace border — unverified records]
Scopula ornata, lace border — south (Nationally Scarce B)
Scopula rubiginata, tawny wave — south-east (Red Data Book)
Scopula marginepunctata, mullein wave — south, central & north (localized) (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Scopula imitaria, small blood-vein — south & central
Scopula emutaria, rosy wave — south, east & west (Nationally Scarce B)
Scopula immutata, lesser cream wave — south & central (localized)
Scopula floslactata, cream wave

Scopula floslactata floslactata — south & central (localized)
Scopula floslactata f. scotica — north-west (localized)

Scopula ternata, smoky wave — north & west (localized)
[Scopula limboundata, large lace border — single, old, unconfirmed record]

Small fan-foot wave

Idaea ochrata cantiata, bright wave — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
Idaea serpentata, ochraceous wave — rare immigrant [resident on Jersey]
Idaea muricata, purple-bordered gold — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
Idaea rusticata atrosignaria, least carpet — south (localized)
[Idaea laevigata, strange wave — probable import]
Idaea sylvestraria, dotted-border wave — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
Idaea biselata, small fan-footed wave — throughout
[Idaea inquinata, rusty wave — probable import]
Idaea dilutaria, silky wave — west (Red Data Book) ‡
Idaea fuscovenosa, dwarf cream wave — south & central (localized)
Idaea humiliata, Isle of Wight wave — presumed extinct

Small dusty wave

Idaea seriata, small dusty wave — south, central & north-east
Idaea dimidiata, single-dotted wave — south, central & north-west
Idaea subsericeata, satin wave — south & central
Idaea contiguaria britanniae, Weaver's wave — west-central (Nationally Scarce A)
Idaea trigeminata, treble brown spot — south (localized)
Idaea emarginata, small scallop — south & central (localized)
Idaea aversata, riband wave — throughout
Idaea degeneraria, Portland ribbon wave — south coast & Isles of Scilly (Red Data Book)
Idaea straminata, plain wave — throughout
Rhodometra sacraria, Vestal — immigrant

Subfamily Larentiinae[]

Oblique carpet

[Lythria purpuraria, purple-barred yellow — old, unconfirmed records]
Phibalapteryx virgata, oblique striped south & west-central (Nationally Scarce B)
Orthonama vittata, oblique carpet — throughout ‡*
Orthonama obstipata, gem — immigrant
Xanthorhoe biriviata, balsam carpet — south & south-east (uncommon)
Xanthorhoe designata, flame carpet — throughout
Xanthorhoe decoloraria, red carpet ‡*

Xanthorhoe decoloraria hethlandica — Shetland
Xanthorhoe decoloraria decoloraria — north & west

Xanthorhoe spadicearia, red twin-spot carpet — throughout
Xanthorhoe ferrugata, dark-barred twin-spot carpet — throughout (Endangered^[1]) ‡*
Xanthorhoe quadrifasiata, large twin-spot carpet — south & central (localized)
Xanthorhoe montanata, silver-ground carpet

Xanthorhoe montanata shetlandica — Shetland
Xanthorhoe montanata montanata — throughout

Garden carpet

Xanthorhoe fluctuata fluctuata, garden carpet — throughout
Scotopteryx moeniata, fortified carpet — probable rare immigrant (old records)
Scotopteryx peribolata, Spanish sarpet — immigrant to south
Scotopteryx bipunctaria cretata, chalk carpet — south & central (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
Scotopteryx chenopodiata, shaded broad-bar — throughout (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Scotopteryx mucronata, lead belle

Scotopteryx mucronata scotica — west-central & north (localized)
Scotopteryx mucronata umbrifera — south-west (localized)

Scotopteryx luridata plumbaria, July belle — throughout
Catarhoe rubidata, ruddy carpet — south (Nationally Scarce B)
Catarhoe cuculata, royal mantle — south & north (localized)
Epirrhoe tristata, small argent and sable — north & west

Yellow shell

Epirrhoe alternata, common carpet

Epirrhoe alternata obscurata — Outer Hebrides
Epirrhoe alternata alternata — throughout

Epirrhoe rivata, wood carpet — south & central (localized)
Epirrhoe galiata, galium carpet — south, central & north (localized) (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Costaconvexa polygrammata, many-lined — extinct; rare immigrant
[Costaconvexa centrostrigaria, traveller — probable import]
Camptogramma bilineata, yellow shell

Camptogramma bilineata bilineata — throughout
Camptogramma bilineata atlantica — Shetland & Outer Hebrides

Mallow

Entephria flavicinctata, yellow-ringed carpet

Entephria flavicinctata flavicinctata — west coast of Scotland & Inner Hebrides, Yorkshire Dales & Black Mountains (Nationally Scarce B)
Entephria flavicinctata ruficinctata — central & north-west Scotland (localized)

Entephria caesiata, grey mountain moth — west-central & north (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Larentia clavaria, mallow — south, central & north
Anticlea badiata, shoulder stripe — south, central & north
Anticlea derivata, streamer — throughout
Mesoleuca albicillata, beautiful carpet — south, central & north

Phoenix

Pelurga comitata, dark spinach — south, central & north (Endangered^[1]) ‡*
Lampropteryx suffumata, water carpet — throughout
Lampropteryx otregiata, Devon carpet — south & south-west (Nationally Scarce B)
Cosmorhoe ocellata, purple bar — throughout
Nebula salicata latentaria, striped twin-spot carpet — north, west & south-west
Eulithis prunata, phoenix — throughout
Eulithis testata, chevron — throughout
Eulithis populata, northern spinach — south-west, west, central & north
Eulithis mellinata, spinach — south, central & north
Eulithis pyraliata, barred straw — throughout
Ecliptopera silaceata, small phoenix — throughout (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Chloroclysta siterata, red–green carpet — throughout

Common marbled carpet

Chloroclysta miata, autumn green carpet — throughout (localized)
Chloroclysta citrata, dark marbled carpet

Chloroclysta citrata citrata — throughout
Chloroclysta citrata pythonissata — Shetland & Orkney

, Arran carpet — north-west (Nationally Scarce A)
Chloroclysta truncata, common marbled carpet — throughout
Cidaria fulvata, barred yellow — throughout
Plemyria rubiginata, blue-bordered carpet

Plemyria rubiginata rubiginata — south & central
Plemyria rubiginata plumbata — north (localized)

Thera firmata, pine carpet — throughout
Thera obeliscata, grey pine carpet — throughout
Thera britannica, spruce carpet — throughout
Thera cognata, chestnut-coloured carpet — central & north (Nationally Scarce B)

Juniper carpet

Thera juniperata, juniper carpet

Thera juniperata juniperata — throughout
Thera juniperata scotica —north (localized)
Thera juniperata orcadensis — Orkney (possibly extinct)

Thera cupressata, cypress carpet — south-east (uncommon)
Eustroma reticulata, netted carpet — west-central (Red Data Book) ‡
Electrophaes corylata, broken-barred carpet — throughout
Colostygia olivata, beech-green carpet — north, west-central & south (localized)
Colostygia multistrigaria, mottled grey — throughout
Colostygia pectinataria, green carpet — throughout
Hydriomena furcata, July highflyer — throughout
Hydriomena impluviata, May highflyer — throughout
Hydriomena ruberata, ruddy highflyer —north, west, south & east (localized)
Coenocalpe lapidata, slender-striped rufous — north (Nationally Scarce A)
Horisme vitalbata, small waved umber — south & central
Horisme tersata, fern — south & central
[Horisme aquata, Cumbrian umber — dubious record]
Melanthia procellata, pretty chalk carpet — south & central (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Pareulype berberata, barberry carpet — south (Red Data Book) ‡
Spargania luctuata, white-banded carpet — south-east (Nationally Scarce A)
Rheumaptera hastata, argent and sable ‡

Rheumaptera hastata hastata — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
Rheumaptera hastata f. nigrescens — north (Nationally Scarce B)

Rheumaptera cervinalis, scarce tissue — south & central (localized)
Rheumaptera undulata, scallop shell — south, central & north (localized)
Triphosa dubitata, tissue — south & central (localized)
Philereme vetulata, brown scallop — south (not south-west) & central (localized)
Philereme transversata britannica, dark umber — south (not south-west) & central (localized)
Euphyia biangulata, cloaked carpet — west, south & south-east (Nationally Scarce B)
Euphyia unangulata, sharp-angled carpet — south (localized)
Epirrita dilutata, November moth — throughout
Epirrita christyi, pale November moth — south, central & north
Epirrita autumnata, autumnal moth — throughout
Epirrita filigrammaria, small autumnal moth — north, central & west

Winter moth

Operophtera brumata, winter moth — throughout
Operophtera fagata, northern winter moth — throughout
Perizoma taeniata, barred carpet — central & north (Nationally Scarce A)
Perizoma affinitata, rivulet — throughout

Small rivulet

Perizoma alchemillata, small rivulet — throughout
Perizoma bifaciata, barred rivulet — south, central & north (localized)
Perizoma minorata ericetata, heath rivulet — north & central (Nationally Scarce B)
Perizoma blandiata, pretty pinion

Perizoma blandiata blandiata — north & west (local)
Perizoma blandiata perfasciata — Hebrides & Rùm

Perizoma albulata, grass rivulet (Endangered^[1]) ‡*

Perizoma albulata albulata — throughout (localized)
Perizoma albulata subfasciaria — Shetland

Perizoma flavofasciata, sandy carpet — throughout
Perizoma didymata, twin-spot carpet

Perizoma didymata didymata — throughout
Perizoma didymata hethlandica — Shetland

Perizoma sagittata, marsh carpet — east-central (Nationally Scarce A)
Eupithecia tenuiata, slender pug — throughout
Eupithecia inturbata, maple pug — south & central (localized)
Eupithecia haworthiata, Haworth's pug — south & central (localized)
Eupithecia plumbeolata, lead-coloured pug — south, central & north-west (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia abietaria, cloaked pug — throughout
Eupithecia linariata, toadflax pug — throughout
Eupithecia pulchellata, foxglove pug

Eupithecia pulchellata pulchellata — throughout
Eupithecia pulchellata hebudium — Wales & Hebrides

Eupithecia irriguata, marbled pug — south (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia exiguata, mottled pug

Eupithecia exiguata exiguata — throughout
Eupithecia exiguata muricolor — Aberdeenshire

Eupithecia insigniata, pinion-spotted pug — south (not south-west) & central (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia valerianata, valerian pug — throughout (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia pygmaeata, marsh pug — south, central & north (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia venosata, netted pug

Eupithecia venosata venosata — south, central & north-east (localized)
Eupithecia venosata hebridensis — Hebrides
Eupithecia venosata fumosae — Shetland & Orkney
Eupithecia venosata ochracae — Orkney

Eupithecia egenaria, Fletcher's (pauper) pug — south-west & east (Red Data Book)
Eupithecia centaureata, lime-speck pug — throughout
Eupithecia trisignaria, triple-spotted pug — throughout (localized)
Eupithecia intricata

Eupithecia intricata millieraria, Edinburgh pug — north
Eupithecia intricata arceuthata, Freyer's pug — south & central

Eupithecia satyrata, satyr pug

Eupithecia satyrata callunaria — south (localized)
Eupithecia satyrata satyrata — north (moorlands)
Eupithecia satyrata curzoni — Shetland

[Eupithecia cauchiata, Doubleday's pug — single old record, Essex]
Eupithecia absinthiata, wormwood pug — throughout

Eupithecia absinthiata f. goossensiata, ling pug — throughout (localized, especially heathland and moorland)

Eupithecia assimilata, currant pug — throughout
Eupithecia expallidata, bleached pug — south-east, west & north (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia vulgata, common pug

Eupithecia vulgata vulgata — south & central
Eupithecia vulgata scotica — north

Eupithecia tripunctaria, white-spotted pug — south, central & north (localized)
Eupithecia denotata

Eupithecia denotata denotata, campanula pug — south & east (Nationally Scarce A)
Eupithecia denotata jasioneata, jasione pug — south-west & west-central (Nationally Scarce A)

Eupithecia subfuscata, grey pug — throughout
Eupithecia icterata subfulvata, tawny speckled pug — throughout
Eupithecia succenturiata, bordered pug — south, central & north
Eupithecia subumbrata, shaded pug — throughout (localized)
Eupithecia millefoliata, yarrow pug — south-east (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia simpliciata, plain pug — south & central (localized)
Eupithecia sinuosaria, goosefoot pug — probable rare immigrant
Eupithecia distinctaria constrictata, thyme pug — throughout (except south-east) (Nationally Scarce B)
Eupithecia indigata, ochreous pug — throughout
Eupithecia pimpinellata, pimpinel pug — south & central (localized)
Eupithecia nanata, narrow-winged pug — throughout
Eupithecia extensaria occidua, scarce pug — east-central (Red Data Book) ‡
Eupithecia innotata, angle-barred pug — throughout
Eupithecia fraxinata, ash pug — throughout
, tamarisk pug — south (uncommon on alien Tamarisk)

Golden-rod pug

Eupithecia virgaureata, golden-rod pug — west & east (localized)
Eupithecia abbreviata, brindled pug — throughout

Oak-tree pug

Eupithecia dodoneata, oak-tree pug —south & central
Eupithecia pusillata, juniper pug

Eupithecia pusillata pusillata — throughout
Eupithecia pusillata anglicata — extinct

Eupithecia phoeniceata, cypress pug — south (uncommon)
Eupithecia ultimaria, Channel Islands pug — south (uncommon)
Eupithecia lariciata, larch pug — throughout
Eupithecia tantillaria, dwarf pug — throughout

Dwarf pug

Chloroclystis v-ata, v-pug — throughout

V-pug

Pasiphila chloerata, sloe pug — south & central
Pasiphila rectangulata, green pug — throughout
Pasiphila debiliata, bilberry pug — south & west (Nationally Scarce B)
Gymnoscelis rufifasciata, double-striped pug — throughout
Anticollix sparsata, dentated pug — south & central (Nationally Scarce A)
Chesias legatella, streak — throughout (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Chesias rufata, broom-tip (Vulnerble^[1]) ‡*

Chesias rufata rufata — south-east & west (Nationally Scarce B)
Chesias rufata scotica — north (Nationally Scarce B)

Carsia sororiata anglica, Manchester treble-bar — north & central (Nationally Scarce B)
Aplocera plagiata, treble bar

Aplocera plagiata plagiata — throughout
Aplocera plagiata scotica — north

Aplocera efformata, lesser treble-bar —south & central
Aplocera praeformata, purple treble-bar — probable immigrant (2 records)
Odezia atrata, chimney sweeper — north, central & south
Lithostege griseata, grey carpet — east (Red Data Book) ‡
Discoloxia blomeri, Blomer's rivulet — south, central & west (Nationally Scarce B)
Venusia cambrica, Welsh wave — west & north (localized)
Euchoeca nebulata, dingy shell — south & central (localized)
Asthena albulata, small white wave — throughout
Hydrelia flammeolaria, small yellow wave — throughout
Hydrelia sylvata, waved carpet — west, south-east & south-west (Nationally Scarce B)
Minoa murinata, drab looper — west, south & south-west (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
Lobophora halterata, seraphim — throughout
Trichopteryx polycommata, barred tooth-striped — throughout (Nationally Scarce A) ‡
Trichopteryx carpinata, early tooth-striped — throughout
Pterapherapteryx sexalata, small seraphim — throughout
Acasis viretata, yellow-barred brindle — south, central & north-west (localized)

Magpie moth

Abraxas grossulariata, magpie moth — throughout
Abraxas sylvata, clouded magpie — south & central (localized)
[Abraxas pantaria, light magpie — unconfirmed old record]
Lomaspilis marginata, clouded border — throughout
Ligdia adustata, scorched carpet — south & central (localized)
Stegania trimaculata, Dorset cream wave — rare immigrant
Stegania cararia, ringed border — rare immigrant
Macaria notata, peacock moth — south, west-central & north-west (localized)

Sharp-angled peacock

Macaria alternata, sharp-angled peacock — south & central (localized)
Macaria signaria, dusky peacock — immigrant
[Macaria bicolorata praeatomata, dingy angle — dubious very old record]
Macaria liturata, tawny-barred angle — throughout
Macaria carbonaria, netted mountain moth — north-east (Red Data Book) ‡
Macaria wauaria, v-moth — throughout (localized) ‡*
Chiasmia clathrata clathrata, latticed heath — south, central & north (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Itame brunneata, Rannoch looper — north-east (Nationally Scarce A)
[Hypagyrtis unipunctata, white spot — dubious very old record]
Isturgia limbaria, frosted yellow — presumed extinct
[, bordered chequer — dubious very old record]
Cepphis advenaria, little thorn — west & south (not south-west) (Nationally Scarce B)
Petrophora chlorosata, brown silver-line — throughout
Plagodis pulveraria, barred umber — throughout (localized)

Scorched wing

Plagodis dolabraria, scorched wing — throughout (localized)
Pachycnemia hippocastanaria, horse chestnut — south & east-central (Nationally Scarce B)
Opisthograptis luteolata, brimstone moth — throughout
Epione repandaria, bordered beauty — throughout
Epione vespertaria, dark bordered beauty — north-east (Red Data Book) ‡
Pseudopanthera macularia, speckled yellow — throughout
Apeira syringaria, lilac beauty — south & central (localized)
Ennomos autumnaria, large thorn — south-east (Nationally Scarce B)
Ennomos quercinaria, August thorn — south & central (localized) (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Ennomos alniaria, canary-shouldered thorn — throughout
Ennomos fuscantaria, dusky thorn — south & central (Endangered^[1]) ‡*
Ennomos erosaria, September thorn — south, central & north (Endangered^[1]) ‡*
[Ennomos quercaria, clouded August thorn — unconfirmed records]
[Ennomos subsignaria — probable import]

Early thorn

Selenia dentaria, early thorn — throughout
Selenia lunularia, lunar thorn — throughout (localized)
Selenia tetralunaria, purple thorn — south, central & north
Odontopera bidentata, scalloped hazel — throughout
Crocallis elinguaria, scalloped oak — throughout
Ourapteryx sambucaria, swallow-tailed moth — throughout
Colotois pennaria, feathered thorn — throughout
Angerona prunaria, orange moth — south (localized)
Apocheima hispidaria, small brindled beauty — south & central (localized)
Apocheima pilosaria, pale brindled beauty — throughout
Lycia hirtaria, brindled beauty — south, central & north (Vulnerable^[1]) ‡*
Lycia zonaria, belted beauty

Lycia zonaria britannica — west-central (Red Data Book)
Lycia zonaria atlantica — north-west (Nationally Scarce A)

Lycia lapponaria scotica, Rannoch brindled beauty — north (Nationally Scarce A)
Biston strataria, oak beauty — south, central & north

Peppered moth

Biston betularia, peppered moth — throughout
Agriopis leucophaearia, spring usher — throughout
Agriopis aurantiaria, scarce umber — throughout
Agriopis marginaria, dotted border — throughout
Erannis defoliaria, mottled umber — throughout
Menophra abruptaria, waved umber — south & central
Peribatodes rhomboidaria, willow beauty — south, central & north
Peribatodes secundaria, feathered beauty — south-east (uncommon on alien Norway spruce)
Peribatodes ilicaria, Lydd beauty — rare immigrant to south-east
Selidosema brunnearia scandinaviaria, bordered grey — south, west-central, north-west & north-east (Nationally Scarce A)
Cleora cinctaria, ringed carpet

Cleora cinctaria bowesi — north-west & west-central (Nationally Scarce A)
Cleora cinctaria cinctaria — south (Nationally Scarce A)

Deileptenia ribeata, satin beauty — throughout
Alcis repandata, mottled beauty

Alcis repandata repandata — throughout
Alcis repandata sodorensium — Hebrides

Alcis jubata, dotted carpet — west & north (localized)
Hypomecis roboraria, great oak beauty — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
Hypomecis punctinalis, pale oak beauty — south
Cleorodes lichenaria, Brussels lace — west, west-central, south & north (localized)
Fagivorina arenaria, speckled beauty — extinct
, engrailed — throughout
Ectropis crepuscularia, small engrailed — south, central & north (localized)
Paradarisa consonaria, square spot — south & west (localized)
Parectropis similaria, brindled white-spot — south (localized)
Aethalura punctulata, grey birch — south, central & north

Common heath (female)

Ematurga atomaria, common heath — throughout
, dusky carpet — probable immigrant
Bupalus piniaria, bordered white — throughout
Cabera pusaria, common white wave — throughout
Cabera exanthemata, common wave — throughout
Lomographa bimaculata, white-pinion spotted — south & west-central
Lomographa temerata, clouded silver — south, central & north
Aleucis distinctata, sloe carpet — south-east & south (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
Theria primaria, early moth — south, central & north

Light emerald

Campaea margaritata, light emerald — throughout
Hylaea fasciaria, barred red — throughout
Gnophos obfuscata, Scotch (Scottish) annulet — north (Nationally Scarce B)
Charissa obscurata, annulet — throughout
Glacies coracina, black mountain moth — north (Nationally Scarce A)
Siona lineata, black-veined moth — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
Aspitates gilvaria gilvaria, straw belle — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
Semiaspilates ochrearia, yellow belle — south (localized)
Dyscia fagaria, grey scalloped bar — throughout (localized)
Perconia strigillaria, grass wave — throughout (localized)

Species listed in the 2007 UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)^[2] are indicated by a double-dagger symbol (‡)—species so listed for research purposes only are also indicated with an asterisk (‡*).

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Fox, R., K.F. Conrad, M.S. Parsons, M.S. Warren and I.P. Woiwood, 2006. The State of Britain's Larger Moths. Butterfly Conservation and Rothamsted Research, Wareham, UK.
^ Butterfly Conservation, 2007. The UK Biodiversity Action Plan – Moths. Butterfly Conservation, Wareham, UK. 4p.

Waring, Paul, Martin Townsend and Richard Lewington (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, Hook, UK. ISBN 0-9531399-1-3.

[Fox-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Fox, R., K.F. Conrad, M.S. Parsons, M.S. Warren and I.P. Woiwood, 2006. The State of Britain's Larger Moths. Butterfly Conservation and Rothamsted Research, Wareham, UK.

[2] Butterfly Conservation, 2007. The UK Biodiversity Action Plan – Moths. Butterfly Conservation, Wareham, UK. 4p.

[1]

[2]