List of natural satellites

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This article is about the moons of planets and dwarf planets in the Solar System. For other asteroid or minor-planet moons, see Minor-planet moon.

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The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 218 natural satellites, or moons. At least 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Jupiter's Io.[1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).

Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.

The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.

Moons by primary[]

Some moons, minor planets and comets of the Solar System to scale
Selected moons, with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.
The number of moons discovered in each year until November 2019

Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.

Venus also has no moons,[3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.

Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has at least two co-orbitals: the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29;[4] however, since they do not orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.)

Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[5]

Jupiter has 79 moons with known orbits; 72 of them have received permanent designations, and 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 71 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.

Saturn has 82 moons with known orbits; 66 of them have received permanent designations, and 53 of them have been named. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 58, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.

Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.

Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[6]

Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[7] Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 350±57.5 km.[8]

Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[9] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.

A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. 90482 Orcus was found to have a natural satellite, later named Vanth, in 2005.[10] 50000 Quaoar, 225088 Gonggong and 120347 Salacia all since been discovered to have moons.

As of August 2020, 309 asteroid moons and 119 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and Haumea) had been discovered.[11]

Summary – number of moons
Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Number of moons 0 0 1 2 79 82 27 14
(Possible) dwarf Ceres Orcus Pluto Salacia Haumea Quaoar Make-
make 		Gonggong Eris Sedna
Number of moons 0 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 0
Minor planet
See list

Due to Earth's varying distance from these planets (as well as their distance to the Sun), the limits at which we are able to detect new moons is very inconsistent. As the below graph demonstrates, the absolute magnitude (total inherent brightness, abbreviated H) of moons we have detected around planets peaks at H = 17 for Jupiter, H = 16 for Saturn, H = 13 for Uranus, and H = 11 for Neptune. Smaller moons may (and most likely do) exist around each of these planets, but are currently undetectable from Earth. Although spacecraft have visited all of these planets, Earth-based telescopes continue to outperform them in moon-detection ability.

Planetary moons by absolute magnitude

List[]

This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. The 19 moons that are large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it.

Satellites of planets Satellites of dwarf planets
Satellite of Earth Satellites of Jupiter Satellites of Uranus
Satellites of Mars Satellites of Saturn Satellites of Neptune
Image Parent Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Orbital semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d)
(r = retrograde) 		Discovery year Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
FullMoon2010.jpg
 Earth I (1) Moon 1,738 384,399 27.321582 Prehistoric — Synchronous rotation [12]
Phobos colour 2008.jpg
 Mars I (1) Phobos 11.267 9,380 0.319 1877 Hall [13][14][15]
Deimos-MRO.jpg
 Mars II (2) Deimos 6.2±0.18 23,460 1.262 1877 Hall [13][14][15]
Jupiter I (1) Io 1,821.6±0.5 421,800 1.769 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
Europa-moon.jpg
 Jupiter II (2) Europa 1560.8±0.5 671,100 3.551 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
GanymedebyJuno.png
 Jupiter III (3) Ganymede 2,634.1±0.3 1,070,400 7.155 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
Callisto.jpg
 Jupiter IV (4) Callisto 2,410.3±1.5 1,882,700 16.69 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
Amalthea (moon).png
 Jupiter V (5) Amalthea 83.5±2 181,400 0.498 1892 Barnard Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][17]
Cassini-Huygens Image of Himalia.png
 Jupiter VI (6) Himalia 69.8 11,461,000 250.56 1904 Perrine Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][18] [19]
Elara2-LB1-mag17.jpg
 Jupiter VII (7) Elara 43 11,741,000 259.64 1905 Perrine Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][20]
Pasiphaé.jpg
 Jupiter VIII (8) Pasiphae 30 23,624,000 743.63 (r) 1908 Melotte Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][21]
Sinopé.jpg
 Jupiter IX (9) Sinope 19 23,939,000 758.90 (r) 1914 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][22]
Lysithea2.jpg
 Jupiter X (10) Lysithea 18 11,717,000 259.20 1938 Nicholson Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][23]
Carmé.jpg
 Jupiter XI (11) Carme 23 23,404,000 734.17 (r) 1938 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][23]
Ananké.jpg
 Jupiter XII (12) Ananke 14 21,276,000 629.77 (r) 1951 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][24]
Leda WISE-W3.jpg
 Jupiter XIII (13) Leda 10 11,165,000 240.92 1974 Kowal Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][25]
Thebe.jpg
 Jupiter XIV (14) Thebe 49.3±2.0 221,900 0.675 1979 Synnott (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][26]
Adrastea.jpg
 Jupiter XV (15) Adrastea 8.2±2.0 129,000 0.298 1979 Jewitt, (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][27]
Metis.jpg
 Jupiter XVI (16) Metis 21.5±2.0 128,000 0.295 1979 Synnott (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][28]
S1999j1.jpg
 Jupiter XVII (17) Callirrhoe 4.5 24,103,000 758.77 (r) 2000 Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, , Gleason, Gehrels Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][29]
S 2000 J 1.jpg
 Jupiter XVIII (18) Themisto 4 7,284,000 130.02 1975/2000 Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, (rediscovery) Prograde irregular (Themisto) [14][15][30][31]
Megaclite-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XIX (19) Megaclite 2.7 23,493,000 752.86 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][32]
Taygete-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XX (20) Taygete 2.5 23,280,000 732.41 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Chaldene-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXI (21) Chaldene 1.9 23,100,000 723.72 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Harpalyke-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXII (22) Harpalyke 2.2 20,858,000 623.32 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][32]
Kalyke-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXIII (23) Kalyke 2.6 23,483,000 742.06 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Iocaste-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXIV (24) Iocaste 2.6 21,060,000 631.60 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][32]
Erinome-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXV (25) Erinome 1.6 23,196,000 728.46 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Isonoe-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXVI (26) Isonoe 2 23,155,000 726.23 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Praxidike-Jewitt-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXVII (27) Praxidike 3.5 20,908,000 625.39 (r) 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, , , Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][32]
Autonoe-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXVIII (28) Autonoe 2 24,046,000 760.95 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)
Thyone-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXIX (29) Thyone 2 20,939,000 627.21 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Ερμίππη.gif
 Jupiter XXX (30) Hermippe 2 21,131,000 633.9 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Aitne-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXI (31) Aitne 1.5 23,229,000 730.18 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Eurydome-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXII (32) Eurydome 1.5 22,865,000 717.33 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][33]
Euanthe-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXIII (33) Euanthe 1.5 20,797,000 620.49 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Euporie-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXIV (34) Euporie 1 19,304,000 550.74 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Orthosie-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXV (35) Orthosie 1 20,720,000 622.56 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Sponde-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXVI (36) Sponde 1 23,487,000 748.34 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][33]
Kale-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXVII (37) Kale 1 23,217,000 729.47 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Pasithee-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif
 Jupiter XXXVIII (38) Pasithee 1 23,004,000 719.44 (r) 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXIX (39) Hegemone 1.5 23,577,000 739.88 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Mneme Discovery Image.jpg
 Jupiter XL (40) Mneme 1 21,035,000 620.04 (r) 2003 Gladman, Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Jupiter XLI (41) Aoede 2 23,980,000 761.50 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter XLII (42) Thelxinoe 1 21,164,000 628.09 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Bigs2002j1barrow.png
 Jupiter XLIII (43) Arche 1.5 23,355,000 731.95 (r) 2002 Sheppard, Meech, , Tholen, Tonry Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XLIV (44) Kallichore 1 23,288,000 728.73 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15]
Jupiter XLV (45) Helike 2 21,069,000 626.32 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Carpo CFHT 2003-02-25.gif
 Jupiter XLVI (46) Carpo 1.5 17,058,000 456.30 2003 Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, , Jewitt, Kleyna Prograde irregular (Carpo) [14][15]
Jupiter XLVII (47) Eukelade 2 23,328,000 730.47 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15]
Jupiter XLVIII (48) Cyllene 1 23,809,000 752 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter XLIX (49) Kore 1 24,543,000 779.17 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter L (50) Herse 1 22,983,000 714.51 (r) 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15]
2010 J 1 CFHT image.gif
 Jupiter LI (51) S/2010 J 1 1 23,314,300 723.2 (r) 2010 , , Gladman, Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
2010 J 2 CFHT discovery annotated.gif
 Jupiter LII (52) S/2010 J 2 0.5 20,307,200 588.1 (r) 2010 Veillet Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Dia-Jewitt-CFHT image-crop.png
 Jupiter LIII (53) Dia 2 12,118,000 287.0 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Prograde irregular (Himalia) [34]
2016 J 1 CFHT 2003-02-26.gif
 Jupiter LIV (54) S/2016 J 1 3 20,595,500 602.7 (r) 2016 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
2003 J 18 CFHT recovery annotated.gif
 Jupiter LV (55) S/2003 J 18 1 20,274,000 588.0 (r) 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LVI (56) S/2011 J 2 0.5 23,329,700 726.8 (r) 2011 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
Jupiter LVII (57) Eirene 2 23,731,800 759.7 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LVIII (58) Philophrosyne 1 22,820,000 701.3 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
2017 J 1 CFHT precovery annotated.gif
 Jupiter LIX (59) S/2017 J 1 2 23,484,000 734.2 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
Eupheme CFHT 2003-02-25 annotated.gif
 Jupiter LX (60) Eupheme 1 21,199,710 627.8 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LXI (61) S/2003 J 19 1 22,757,000 697.6 (r) 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Valetudo CFHT precovery 2003-02-28 annotated.gif
 Jupiter LXII (62) Valetudo 0.5 18,928,100 532.0 2016 Sheppard Prograde irregular (Valetudo) [34]
Jupiter LXIII (63) S/2017 J 2 1 23,241,000 723.8 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LXIV (64) S/2017 J 3 1 20,639,300 605.8 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Pandia CFHT precovery 2003-02-28.png
 Jupiter LXV (65) Pandia 1.5 11,494,800 251.8 (r) 2017 Sheppard Prograde irregular (Himalia) [34]
Jupiter LXVI (66) S/2017 J 5 1 23,169,400 720.5 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LXVII (67) S/2017 J 6 1 22,394,700 684.7 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
Jupiter LXVIII (68) S/2017 J 7 1 20,571,500 602.8 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
2017 J 8 CFHT precovery annotated.gif
 Jupiter LXIX (69) S/2017 J 8 0.5 23,174,400 720.7 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LXX (70) S/2017 J 9 1 21,430,000 640.9 (r) 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Ersa CFHT precovery 2003-02-24.png
 Jupiter LXXI (71) Ersa 1.5 11,453,000 250.4 (r) 2018 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Himalia) [34]
Jupiter LXXII (72) S/2011 J 1 0.5 20,155,300 580.7 (r) 2011 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
2003 J 16 CFHT recovery annotated.gif
 Jupiter — S/2003 J 16 1 20,512,500 600.18 (r) 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][35]
2003 J 9 Gladman CFHT crop.gif
 Jupiter — S/2003 J 9 0.5 24,168,700 767.6 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][36]
2003 J 2 Gladman CFHT crop.gif
 Jupiter — S/2003 J 2 1 20,554,400 602.02 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
2003 J 4 Gladman CFHT crop.gif
 Jupiter — S/2003 J 4 1 22,048,600 668.85 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
2003 J 10 Gladman CFHT crop.gif
 Jupiter — S/2003 J 10 1 22,896,000 707.78 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme?) [14][15]
2003 J 12 Gladman CFHT crop.gif
 Jupiter — S/2003 J 12 0.5 21,557,700 646.64 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
S2003j23ccircle.gif
 Jupiter — S/2003 J 23 1 24,678,100 792.00 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Mimas Cassini.jpg
 Saturn I (1) Mimas 198.2±0.4 185,540 0.942 1789 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
PIA17202 - Approaching Enceladus.jpg
 Saturn II (2) Enceladus 252.1±0.2 238,040 1.370 1789 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
PIA18317-SaturnMoon-Tethys-Cassini-20150411.jpg
 Saturn III (3) Tethys 533.1±0.7 294,670 1.888 1684 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
Dione3 cassini big.jpg
 Saturn IV (4) Dione 561.4±0.4 377,420 2.737 1684 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
PIA07763 Rhea full globe5.jpg
 Saturn V (5) Rhea 763.8±1.0 527,070 4.518 1672 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
Titan in natural color Cassini.jpg
 Saturn VI (6) Titan 2,574.73±0.09 1,221,870 15.95 1655 Huygens Main-group moon [14][15]
Hyperion true.jpg
 Saturn VII (7) Hyperion 135 1,500,880 21.28 1848 W.Bond, G. Bond, and Lassell Main-group moon [14][15]
Iapetus 706 1419 1.jpg
 Saturn VIII (8) Iapetus 735.6±1.5 3,560,840 79.33 1671 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
Phoebe cassini.jpg
 Saturn IX (9) Phoebe 106.5±0.7 12,947,780 550.31 (r) 1899 Pickering Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
PIA12714 Janus crop.jpg
 Saturn X (10) Janus 89.5±1.4 151,460 0.695 1966 Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed) Inner moon (co-orbital) [14][15]
PIA09813 Epimetheus S. polar region.jpg Saturn XI (11) Epimetheus 58.1±1.8 151,410 0.694 1966 ; Voyager 1 (confirmed) Inner moon (co-orbital) [14][15]
Cassini Helene N00086698 CL.jpg
 Saturn XII (12) Helene 17.6±0.4 377,420 2.737 1980 , Main-group trojan [14][15]
Telesto cassini closeup.jpg
 Saturn XIII (13) Telesto 12.4±0.4 294,710 1.888 1980 Smith, Reitsema, Larson, (Voyager 1) Main-group trojan [14][15]
N00151485 Calypso crop.jpg
 Saturn XIV (14) Calypso 10.7±0.7 294,710 1.888 1980 , , Baum, Main-group trojan [14][15]
Atlas 2017-04-12 raw preview.jpg
 Saturn XV (15) Atlas 15.1±0.9 137,670 0.602 1980 Terrile (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Prometheus 12-26-09b.jpg
 Saturn XVI (16) Prometheus 43.1±2.7 139,380 0.613 1980 (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Pandora PIA07632.jpg
 Saturn XVII (17) Pandora 40.7±1.5 141,720 0.629 1980 (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Pan by Cassini, March 2017.jpg
 Saturn XVIII (18) Pan 14.1 133,580 0.575 1990 Showalter (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Ymir-discovery-eso0036a (cropped).jpg
 Saturn XIX (19) Ymir 9 23,140,400 1,315.58 (r) 2000 Gladman Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Paaliaq.jpg
 Saturn XX (20) Paaliaq 11 15,200,000 686.95 2000 Gladman Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Tarvos discovery.gif
 Saturn XXI (21) Tarvos 7.5 17,983,000 926.23 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Ijiraq-discovery-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXII (22) Ijiraq 6 11,124,000 451.42 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Suttungr-discovery-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXIII (23) Suttungr 3.5 19,459,000 1,016.67 (r) 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Kiviuq-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXIV (24) Kiviuq 8 11,110,000 449.22 2000 Gladman Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Mundilfari-discovery-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXV (25) Mundilfari 3.5 18,628,000 952.77 (r) 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Albiorix WISE-W4.jpg
 Saturn XXVI (26) Albiorix 16 16,182,000 783.45 2000 Holman, Spahr Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Skathi-discovery-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXVII (27) Skathi 4 15,540,000 728.20 (r) 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Erriapus-discovery-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXVIII (28) Erriapus 5 17,343,000 871.19 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Siarnaq-discovery-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXIX (29) Siarnaq 20 18,015,400 896.44 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Thrymr-discovery-CFHT.gif
 Saturn XXX (30) Thrymr 3.5 20,314,000 1,094.11 (r) 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Narvi.jpg
 Saturn XXXI (31) Narvi 3.5 19,007,000 1,003.86 (r) 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Methone PIA14633.jpg
 Saturn XXXII (32) Methone 1.45 194,440 1.010 2004 Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, (Cassini–Huygens) Alkyonide moon [15]
Pallene N1665945513 1.jpg
 Saturn XXXIII (33) Pallene 2.22 212,280 1.154 2004 , , Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Alkyonide moon [15]
Polydeuces.jpg
 Saturn XXXIV (34) Polydeuces 1.3 377,200 2.737 2004 Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Main-group trojan [15]
Daphnis (Saturn's Moon).jpg
 Saturn XXXV (35) Daphnis 3.8±0.8 136,500 0.594 2005 Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Inner moon (shepherd) [15]
Saturn XXXVI (36) Aegir 3 20,751,000 1,117.52 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Bebhionn-cassini.png
 Saturn XXXVII (37) Bebhionn 3 17,119,000 834.84 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Bergelmir.png
 Saturn XXXVIII (38) Bergelmir 3 19,336,000 1,005.74 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Bestla-cassini.png
 Saturn XXXIX (39) Bestla 3.5 20,192,000 1,088.72 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XL (40) Farbauti 2.5 20,377,000 1,085.55 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XLI (41) Fenrir 2 22,454,000 1,260.35 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Fornjot-cassini.png
 Saturn XLII (42) Fornjot 3 25,146,000 1,494.2 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Hati-cassini.png
 Saturn XLIII (43) Hati 3 19,846,000 1,038.61 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Hyrrokkin-cassini.png
 Saturn XLIV (44) Hyrrokkin 4 18,437,000 931.86 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Kari-cassini.png
 Saturn XLV (45) Kari 3.5 22,089,000 1,230.97 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLVI (46) Loge 3 23,058,000 1,311.36 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLVII (47) Skoll 3 17,665,000 878.29 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLVIII (48) Surtur 3 22,704,000 1,297.36 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Anthe crop.jpg
 Saturn XLIX (49) Anthe 0.9 197,700 1.0365 2007 Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Alkyonide moon [37]
Saturn L (50) Jarnsaxa 3 18,811,000 964.74 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Greip-cassini.png
 Saturn LI (51) Greip 3 18,206,000 921.19 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Tarqeq-cassini.png
 Saturn LII (52) Tarqeq 3.5 18,009,000 887.48 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Prograde irregular (Inuit) [15]
N1643264379 1.jpg
 Saturn LIII (53) Aegaeon 0.33 167,500 0.808 2008 Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens G-ring moonlet [38][39]
Saturn LIV (54) S/2004 S 20 3 19,418,000 1,010.55 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [40]
Saturn LV (55) S/2004 S 22 3 20,636,000 1,107.13 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [41]
Saturn LVI (56) S/2004 S 23 4 21,163,000 1,149.82 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [42]
Saturn LVII (57) S/2004 S 25 4 21,174,000 1,150.69 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [43]
Saturn LVIII (58) S/2004 S 26 4 26,676,000 1,627.18 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [44]
Saturn LIX (59) S/2004 S 27 6 19,976,000 1,054.45 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, Jacobson Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [45]
Saturn LX (60) S/2004 S 29 4 16,981,000 826.44 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (Inuit) [46]
Saturn LXI (61) S/2004 S 30 3 20,396,000 1,087.84 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [47]
Saturn LXII (62) S/2004 S 32 4 21,214,000 1,153.96 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [48]
Saturn LXIII (63) S/2004 S 33 4 24,168,000 1,403.18 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [49]
Saturn LXIV (64) S/2004 S 34 3 24,299,000 1,414.59 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [50]
Saturn LXV (65) S/2004 S 35 6 22,412,000 1,253.08 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [51]
Saturn LXVI (66) S/2004 S 38 4 21,908,000 1,211.02 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [52]
Saturn — S/2004 S 7 3 20,999,000 1,140.24 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2004 S 12 2.5 19,878,000 1,046.19 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2004 S 13 3 18,404,000 933.48 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2004 S 17 2 19,447,000 1,014.70 (r) 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2006 S 1 3 18,790,000 963.37 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [15]
Saturn — S/2006 S 3 3 22,096,000 1,227.21 (r) 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [15]
Saturn — S/2007 S 2 3 16,725,000 808.08 (r) 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [15]
Saturn — S/2007 S 3 3 18,975,000 977.8 (r) 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [15]
PIA11665 moonlet in B Ring cropped.jpg
 Saturn — S/2009 S 1 0.15 117,000 0.471 2009 Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens B-ring moonlet [53]
Saturn — S/2004 S 21 3 22,645,000 1,272.61 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [54]
Saturn — S/2004 S 24 3 22,901,000 1,294.25 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic?) [55]
Saturn — S/2004 S 28 4 22,020,000 1,220.31 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [56]
Saturn — S/2004 S 31 4 17,568,000 869.65 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (Inuit) [57]
Saturn — S/2004 S 36 3 23,192,000 1,319.07 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [58]
Saturn — S/2004 S 37 4 15,892,000 748.18 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [59]
Saturn — S/2004 S 39 3 23,575,000 1,351.83 (r) 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [60]
Ariel (moon).jpg
 Uranus I (1) Ariel 578.9±0.6 190,900 2.520 1851 Lassell Main-group moon [14][15]
PIA00040 Umbrielx2.47.jpg
 Uranus II (2) Umbriel 584.7±2.8 266,000 4.144 1851 Lassell Main-group moon [14][15]
Titania (moon) color cropped.jpg
 Uranus III (3) Titania 788.9±1.8 436,300 8.706 1787 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
Voyager 2 picture of Oberon.jpg
 Uranus IV (4) Oberon 761.4±2.6 583,500 13.46 1787 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
PIA18185 Miranda's Icy Face.jpg
 Uranus V (5) Miranda 235.8±0.7 129,900 1.413 1948 Kuiper Main-group moon [14][15]
Cordeliamoon.png
 Uranus VI (6) Cordelia 20.1±3 49,800 0.335 1986 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Opheliamoon.png
 Uranus VII (7) Ophelia 21.4±4 53,800 0.376 1986 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Biancamoon.png
 Uranus VIII (8) Bianca 25.7±2 59,200 0.435 1986 Smith (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Cressida.png
 Uranus IX (9) Cressida 39.8±2 61,800 0.464 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Desdemonamoon.png
 Uranus X (10) Desdemona 32±4 62,700 0.474 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Julietmoon.png
 Uranus XI (11) Juliet 46.8±4 64,400 0.493 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus-Portia-Cressida-Ophelia-NASA.gif
 Uranus XII (12) Portia 67.6±4.0 66,100 0.513 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Rosalindmoon.png
 Uranus XIII (13) Rosalind 36±6 69,900 0.558 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Belinda.gif
 Uranus XIV (14) Belinda 40.3±8 75,300 0.624 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Puck.png
 Uranus XV (15) Puck 81±2 86,000 0.762 1985 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Caliban feat.png
 Uranus XVI (16) Caliban 36.4 7,231,100 579.73 (r) 1997 Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [61][15]
Sycorax.jpg
 Uranus XVII (17) Sycorax 93 12,179,400 1,288.38 (r) 1997 Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [61][15]
Prospero - Uranus moon.jpg
 Uranus XVIII (18) Prospero 25 16,256,000 1,978.29 (r) 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus - Setebos image.jpg
 Uranus XIX (19) Setebos 24 17,418,000 2,225.21 (r) 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Stephano - Uranus moon.jpg
 Uranus XX (20) Stephano 16 8,004,000 677.36 (r) 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XXI (21) Trinculo 9.5 8,504,000 749.24 (r) 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XXII (22) Francisco 11 4,276,000 266.56 (r) 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman Retrograde irregular [14][15]
S2003u3acircle.gif
 Uranus XXIII (23) Margaret 10 14,345,000 1,687.01 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt Prograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus moon 021002 02.jpg
 Uranus XXIV (24) Ferdinand 10 20,901,000 2,887.21 (r) 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al. Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Perdita feat.jpg
 Uranus XXV (25) Perdita 15 76,417 0.638 1999 Karkoschka (Voyager 2) Inner moon [15]
Mabmoon.png
 Uranus XXVI (26) Mab 12 97,736 0.923 2003 Showalter, Lissauer Inner moon [15]
Cupidmoon.png
 Uranus XXVII (27) Cupid 9 74,392 0.613 2003 Showalter, Lissauer Inner moon [15]
Triton2.jpg
 Neptune I (1) Triton 1,353.4±0.9 354,800 5.877 (r) 1846 Lassell Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Nereid-Voyager2.jpg
 Neptune II (2) Nereid 170±25 5,513,820 360.14 1949 Kuiper Prograde irregular [62][15]
Naiad Voyager.png
 Neptune III (3) Naiad 33±3 48,224 0.294 1989 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Neptune Trio.jpg
 Neptune IV (4) Thalassa 41±3 50,075 0.311 1989 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Despina.jpg
 Neptune V (5) Despina 78±4.7 52,526 0.335 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Galatea moon.jpg
 Neptune VI (6) Galatea 88±4 61,953 0.429 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Larissa 1.jpg
 Neptune VII (7) Larissa 97±3 73,548 0.555 1981 Reitsema, , , Tholen (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Proteus (Voyager 2).jpg
 Neptune VIII (8) Proteus 210±7 117,647 1.122 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
N2002n1b.jpg
 Neptune IX (9) Halimede 31 15,728,000 1,879.71 (r) 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, , Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Psmathe feat.jpg
 Neptune X (10) Psamathe 20 46,695,000 9,115.91 (r) 2003 Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Sao VLT-FORS1 2002-09-03 annotated.gif
 Neptune XI (11) Sao 22 22,422,000 2,914.07 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, , Milisavljevic Prograde irregular [14][15]
Laomedeia VLT-FORS1 2002-09-03 annotated.gif
 Neptune XII (12) Laomedeia 21 23,571,000 3,167.85 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, , Milisavljevic Prograde irregular [14][15]
Neso VLT-FORS1 2002-09-03.gif
 Neptune XIII (13) Neso 30 48,387,000 9,373.99 (r) 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, , Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Hippocamp-heic1904b.jpg Neptune XIV (14) Hippocamp 17.4 105,283 0.9362 2013 Showalter et al. Inner moon [63]
Orcus-vanth hst2.jpg Orcus I (1) Vanth 221±5 9,000±9 9.539 2005 Brown & Suer Synchronous rotation [64]
Charon in True Color - High-Res.jpg Pluto I (1) Charon 606±0.5 19,591 6.387 1978 Christy Synchronous rotation [14][15]
Nix best view.jpg Pluto II (2) Nix 22.5 48,671 24.85 2005 Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. Chaotic rotation [14][15]
Hydra Enhanced Color.jpg Pluto III (3) Hydra 27.5 64,698 38.20 2005 Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. Chaotic rotation [14][15]
Kerberos (moon).jpg Pluto IV (4) Kerberos 7 57,729 32.17 2011 Showalter (Hubble) Chaotic rotation [14][15][65][66]
Styx (moon).jpg Pluto V (5) Styx 5.5 42,393 20.16 2012 Showalter (Hubble) Chaotic rotation [14][15][67]
Salacia Hubble.png Salacia I (1) Actaea 142±5 5,724±27 5.494 2006 Noll et al. [64]
Haumea Hubble.png Haumea I (1) Hiʻiaka ≈160 49,880 49.12 2005 Brown et al. [9][68][69]
Haumea II (2) Namaka ≈85 25,657 18.2783 2005 Brown et al. [9][68][69]
Quaoar-weywot hst.jpg Quaoar I (1) Weywot 37 14,500±800 12.438 2007 Brown [70]
Makemake moon Hubble image with legend (cropped).jpg Makemake I (1) S/2015 (136472) 1 ≈87.5 >21,000 >12.4 2016 Parker et al. [71][72]
2007 OR10 and its moon.png Gonggong I (1) Xiangliu 150 24,020±200 25.221 2010 Marton, Kiss & Müller assuming a prograde orbit [73]
Eris and dysnomia2.jpg
 Eris I (1) Dysnomia 350±60[8] 37,273±64 15.786 2005 Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al. SDO moon [74]

See also[]

References[]

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