List of papal bulls
This is an incomplete list of papal bulls, listed by the year in which each was issued.
The decrees of some papal bulls were often tied to the circumstances of time and place, and may have been adjusted, attenuated, or abrogated by subsequent popes as situations changed.[1]
List[]
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Year | Bull | Issuer | Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1059 | In nomine Domini ("In the name of the Lord") |
Nicholas II | Establishing cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope.[2] | |
1079 | Libertas ecclesiae ("The liberty of the Church") |
Gregory VII | About Church's independence from imperial authority and interference. | |
1079 | Antiqua sanctorum patrum ("The old (traces of the) holy fathers") |
Gregory VII | Granted the church of Lyon primacy over the churches of Gaul. | |
1095 (March 16) | Cum universis sancte | Urban II | The king or queen of Aragon could not be excommunicated without an express order from the pope.[3] | |
1113 (February 15) | Pie Postulatio Voluntatis ("The most pious request") |
Paschal II | Confirming the establishment and independence of the Knights Hospitaller, and placing the Order under Papal protection. | |
c. 1120 | Sicut Judaeis ("Thus to the Jews") |
Callixtus II | Provides protection for the Jews who suffered from the hands of the participants in the First Crusade.[4] | |
1136 (July 7) | Ex commisso nobis | Innocent II | Split Archbishop of Magdeburg from the rest of the Polish church. | |
1139 (March 29) | Omne Datum Optimum | Innocent II | Endorses the Knights Templar. | |
1144 | Milites Templi ("Soldiers of the Temple") |
Celestine II | Provides clergy protection to the Knights Templar and encourages contributions to their cause. | |
1145 | Militia Dei ("Soldiers of God") |
Eugene III | Allows the Knights Templar to take tithes and burial fees and to bury their dead in their own cemeteries. | |
1145 (December 1) | Quantum praedecessores ("How much did our predecessors") |
Eugene III | Calls for the Second Crusade. | |
1146 (October 5) | Divina dispensatione | Eugene III | Calls for the Italian clergy to support the Second Crusade. | |
1147 (April 11) | Divina dispensatione | Eugene III | Calls for the Wendish Crusade. | |
1155 | Laudabiliter ("Laudably") |
Adrian IV | Gives the English King Henry II lordship over Ireland. | |
1171 or 1172 (September 11) | Non parum animus noster | Alexander III | Calls for the Northern Crusades against the Estonians and Finns. | |
1179 (May 23) | Manifestis Probatum ("It is clearly demonstrated") |
Alexander III | Recognition of the kingdom of Portugal and Afonso Henriques as the first king. | |
1184 (November 4) | Ad Abolendam | Lucius III | Condemns heresy, and lists some punishments (though stops short of death). | |
1187 (October 29) | Audita tremendi ("Hearing what terrible...") |
Gregory VIII | Calls for the Third Crusade. | |
1192 | Cum universi | Celestine III | Defined the Scottish Church as immediately subject to the Holy See. | |
1198 | Post Miserabile | Innocent III | Calls for the Fourth Crusade. | |
1199 (March 25) | Vergentis in senium | Innocent III | This bull, addressed to the city of Viterbo, announced that heresy would be considered, in terms of punishment, the same as treason.[5] | |
1205 | Esti Judaeos | Innocent III | Jews were allowed their own houses of worship and would not be forced to convert. Jews were forbidden to eat with Christians or own Christian slaves.[6] | |
1213 (April) | Quia maior | Innocent III | Calls for the Fifth Crusade. | |
1214 (April 21) | Bulla Aurea | Innocent III | Ended papal sanctions against King John in England and the Lordship of Ireland in exchange for that realm's pledge of fealty to the papacy.[7][8] This bull confirmed John's royal charter of 3 October 1213 bearing a golden seal, sometimes called the Bulla Aurea.[9] Payment of the annual tribute of 1,000 marks was finally vetoed by parliament in 1365 under Edward III.[10] | |
1215 (August 24) | Pro rege Johanne | Innocent III | Declares Magna Carta "null, and void of all validity for ever" in favor of King John against the barons[11][12] | |
1216 (December) | Religiosam vitam ("The religious life") |
Honorius III | Established the Dominican Order | |
1218 | In generali concilio | Honorius III | Demanded the enforcement of the 4th Lateran Council that Jews wear clothing to distinguish themselves and that Jews be made to pay the tithe to local churches.[13] | |
1219 | Super speculam | Honorius III | Closed law schools in Paris and forbade the study of civil law.[14] | |
1223 (November 29) | Solet annuere | Honorius III | Approves the Rule of St. Francis.[15] | |
1225 (June) | Vineae Domini custodes | Honorius III | Grants two Dominican friars, Dominic of Segovia and Martin, authorisation for a mission to Morocco. | |
1228 | Mira Circa Nos | Gregory IX | canonizing St. Francis of Assisi[16] | |
1230 | Quo elongati | Gregory IX | Resolved issues concerning the testament of Francis of Assisi.[17] | |
1231 (April 13) | Parens scientiarum ("The Mother of Sciences") |
Gregory IX | Guarantees the independence of the University of Paris. | |
1232 (February 8) | Ille humani generis | Gregory IX | Instructed the Dominican prior of Regensburg to form an Inquisitional tribunal.[18] | |
1233 (April 6) | Etsi Judaeorum ("Even if the Jews") |
Gregory IX | Demands that Jews in Christian countries be treated with the same humanity with which Christians wish to be treated in heathen lands.[19] | |
1233 (June) | Vox in Rama | Gregory IX | Calls for action against Luciferians, a supposed sect of Devil worshippers | |
1233 | Licet ad capiendos | Gregory IX | Marks the start of the Inquisition by the Church. | |
1233 (March 5) | Sufficere debuerat | Gregory IX | Forbids Christians to dispute on matters of faith with Jews[20] | |
1234 | Pietati proximum | Gregory IX | Confirms Germanic Orders rule of Kulmerland.[21] | |
1234 | Rex pacificus | Gregory IX | Announcement of the Liber Extra, the collection of papal decretals.[22] | |
1234 (July 3) | Fons Sapientiae | Gregory IX | canonizes Saint Dominic[23] | |
1234 (November 17) | Rachel suum videns | Gregory IX | Calls for a crusade to the Holy Land and orders Dominicans and Franciscans to preach in favour of it.[24] | |
1235 | Cum hora undecima ("Since the eleventh hour") |
Gregory IX | First bull authorizing friars to preach to pagan nations.[25] | |
1239 (June 20) | Si vera sunt ("If they are true") |
Gregory IX | Orders the seizure and examination of Jewish writings, especially the Talmud, suspected of blasphemies against Christ and the Church.[26] | |
1240 | Gregory IX | Ordering all Jewish books in Castile to be seized on first Saturday in Lent while Jews were in synagogue | ||
1243 | Qui iustis causis | Innocent IV | Orders a crusade to the Baltic lands. Repeated 1256 and 1257.[27] | |
1244 | Impia judeorum perfidia | Innocent IV | Stated that Jews could not hire Christian nurses.[28] | |
1244 (March 9) | Impia gens | Innocent IV | Ordering Talmud to be burned | |
1245 (January 23) | Terra Sancta Christi | Innocent IV | Calls for a crusade to the Holy Land.[29] | |
1245 (March 5) | Dei patris immensa ("God the Father's immense...") |
Innocent IV | Exposition of the Christian faith, and urged Mongols to accept baptism.[30] | |
1245 (March 13) | Cum non solum ("With not only...") |
Innocent IV | Appeal to the Mongols to desist from attacking Christians and other nations, and an enquiry as to their future intentions.[30] Innocent expresses desire for peace (possibly unaware that in the Mongol vocabulary, "peace" is a synonym for "subjection").[31] | |
1245 (March 20) | Inter alia desiderabilia | Innocent IV | Charges against Sancho II of Portugal. | |
1245 (late March) | Innocent IV | Letter addressed to multiple prelates and 'Christians of the East' which affirmed the primacy of the Roman Church and urged ecclesiastical unity.[32] | ||
1245 (July 17) | Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem | Innocent IV | Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem was an apostolic letter issued against Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV (1243–54), during the Council of Lyon, 17 July 1245, the third year of his pontificate. | |
1245 (July 24) | Grandi non immerito ("With good reason") |
Innocent IV | Removes Sancho II of Portugal from the throne, to be replaced by his brother Afonso, Count of Boulogne. | |
1246 | Innocent IV | Confirms "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1247 (May 8) | Innocent IV | against blood libel against Jews | ||
1247 (July 5) | Innocent IV | Urged the end of persecution of the Jews based on the blood libel.[26] | ||
1247 (October 1) | Innocent IV | On the rules of the Carmelite Order[33] | ||
1248 (November 22) | Viam agnoscere veritatis | Innocent IV | Letter addressed to Baiju, king of the Mongols, in response to his embassy.[34] | |
1249 | Innocent IV | An indulgence to all the faithful who visit the Shrine of St. Margaret in Scotland | ||
1250 (April 15) | Innocent IV | Refusing permission to Jews of Cordova to build a new synagogue | ||
1252 (May 15) | Ad exstirpanda ("For the elimination") |
Innocent IV | Authorizes the use of torture for eliciting confessions from heretics during the Inquisition and executing relapsed heretics by burning them alive.[35] | |
1253 (July 23) | Innocent IV | Expelling Jews from Vienne | ||
1253 (September 25) | Innocent IV | Confirms "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1254 (October 6) | Innocent IV | Recognised the University of Oxford and "confirmed its liberties, ancient customs and approved statutes".[36] | ||
1255 | ("Clare outstandingly clear") |
Alexander IV | On the canonization of St. Clare of Assisi[37] | |
1255 (April 6) | Inter ea quae placita ("Among those pleasing") |
Alexander IV | Confirms the establishment of the University of Salamanca[38] | |
1255 (September 22) | Dignum arbitramur ("We consider suitable") |
Alexander IV | Grants that degrees conferred by the University of Salamanca be valid everywhere[39] | |
1255 (April 14) | Quasi lignum vitae | Alexander IV | Rejects all measures against dominican professors at the University of Paris; ends the numerus clausus for the chairs of theology.[40] | |
1263/1264 | Exultavit cor nostrum ("Our heart has rejoiced") |
Urban IV | Letter from Urban to Hulagu, discussing the arrival of Hulagu's (uncredentialed) envoy John the Hungarian, cautiously welcoming, and announcing that William II of Agen, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, would be investigating further.[41] | |
1264 | ? | Urban IV | Discussion of the Egyptian threat (no mention of Mongols).[41] | |
1260s (undated) | Audi filia et ("Hear, O daughter, and") |
Urban IV or Clement IV | Caution to Queen Plaisance of Cyprus to cease her unchaste ways, and marry[42] | |
1260s (undated) | De sinu patris ("The bosom of the Father") |
Urban IV or Clement IV | Admonishment to an unnamed nobleman to cease his adultery and return to his wife[42] | |
1265 | Clement IV | Stated that appointments to all benefices were a papal prerogative.[43] | ||
1267 (July 26) | Turbato corde | Clement IV | Legally barred Christians from converting to Judaism.[44] | |
1272 | Gregory X | Confirms the "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1272 (July 7) | "Letter on Jews" | Gregory X | Against the Blood Libel [45] | |
1273 (April 20) | Prae cunctis mentis | Gregory X | Sets the procedure for the Inquisition in France headed by the Dominicans.[46] | |
1274 | Ubi Periculum ("Where there is danger") |
Gregory X | Established the papal conclave as the method of selection for a pope, imposing progressively stricter restrictions on cardinals the longer a conclave lasted to encourage a quick selection. | |
1274 | Gregory X | confirms "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1278 (August 4) | Nicholas III | Ordering conversion sermons to Jews | ||
1279 | Nicholas III | Confirming the rules of the Friar Minor[47] | ||
1281 | Ad fructus uberes | Pope Martin IV | Gave Franciscan priests the right to preach and hear confession.[48] | |
1283 | Exultantes | Pope Martin IV | Relaxed the restrictions on poverty for Franciscans.[48] | |
1286 (November 30) | Honorius IV | To Archbishop of York and of Canterbury, against Talmud | ||
1288 | Pope Nicholas IV | Letter sent to Christian women at the court of the Mongol Ilkhan[49] | ||
1289 | Pope Nicholas IV | On the Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis[50] | ||
1291 (January 30) | Pope Nicholas IV | To protect the Roman Jews from oppression | ||
1291 (March) | Prae cunctis | Pope Nicholas IV | Authorized the Franciscans to start the inquisition in Bosnia.[51] | |
1291 | Pope Nicholas IV | Letter sent to Arghun's third wife, Uruk Khatun, the mother of Nicholas (Oljeitu), Arghun's successor.[49] | ||
1291 | Pope Nicholas IV | Letter sent to two young Mongol princes, Saron and Cassian, urging their conversion to Christianity.[49] | ||
1296 (January 20) | ("Redeemer of the world") |
Boniface VIII | Named James II of Aragon as standardbearer, captain-general, and admiral of the Roman Church. | |
1296 (February 25) | Clericis Laicos ("Lay clerics") |
Boniface VIII | Excommunicates all members of the clergy who, without authorization from the Holy See, pay to laymen any part of their income or the revenue of the Church, and all rulers who receive such payments.[52] | |
1297 | ("About king and queen") |
Boniface VIII | Bestowed on James II of Aragon the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica. | |
1297 | Excelso throno | Boniface VIII | Jacopo Colonna and Pietro Colonna, both cardinals, were excommunicated by Pope Boniface VIII for refusing to surrender their relative Stefano Colonna (who had seized and robbed the pope's nephew) and refusing to give the pope Palestrina along with two fortresses, which threatened the pope. This excommunication was extended in the same year to Jacopo's nephews and their heirs, after the two Colonna cardinals denounced the pope's election as invalid and appealed to a general council.[53] | |
1299 (June 13) | Boniface VIII | Declares Jews be included among persons who might be denounced to the Inquisition without the name of the accuser revealed[20] | ||
1299 (June 27) | Scimus, Fili ("We know, my son") |
Boniface VIII | Challenged Edward I's claim to Scotland, stating the Scottish kingdom belonged to the apostolic see.[54] | |
1299 | Boniface VIII | Prohibited Crusaders from dismembering and boiling of the bodies, known as Mos Teutonicus so that the bones, separated from the flesh, may be carried for burial in their own countries.[55] | ||
1299 | Boniface VIII | Denounces those who supply arms, ammunition, and provisions to the Saracens[56] | ||
1300 (22 February) | Boniface VIII | Reinstates the Jubilee Years, granting indulgence during those years for those who fulfill various conditions.[57] | ||
1302 (November 18) | Unam Sanctam ("The One Holy") |
Boniface VIII | Declares that there is no salvation outside the Church (Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus), and that the Church must remain united. | |
1303 | Boniface VIII | Directed against those who molest persons travelling to and from Rome[56] | ||
1307 (November 22) | Pastoralis Praeeminentiae | Clement V | Orders the arrest of the Knights Templar and the confiscation of their possessions. | |
1307 (July 23) | Clement V | Nominates seven Franciscans to act as papal suffragans in China.[58] | ||
1308 | Faciens misericordiam ("Granting forgiveness") |
Clement V | Sets out the procedure to prosecute the Knights Templar. | |
1308 (August 12) | ("Reigning in heaven") |
Clement V | Convenes the Council of Vienne to discuss the Knights Templar. | |
1310 (April 4) | ("A nurturing mother") |
Clement V | Postpones the opening of the Council of Vienne until 1 October 1311, on account of the investigation of the Templars that was not yet finished. | |
1312 (March 22) | Vox in excelso ("A voice from on high") |
Clement V | Disbands the Knights Templar.[59] | |
1312 (May 2) | Ad providam | Clement V | Grants the bulk of Templar property on to the Knights Hospitallers.[60] | |
1312 (May 6) | Clement V | Outlined the disposition for members of the Knights Templar.[61] | ||
1312 (May 6) | Exivi de paradiso | Clement V | Stated the conditions of Franciscan rule.[62] | |
1312 (May 16) | Clement V | Grants further Templar property to the Knights Hospitallers[63] | ||
1312 (December 18) | Clement V | Suspends privileges and confirms the disposition of property of the Knights Templar. | ||
1312 (December 31) | Clement V | Further considerations as to the question of the Templars' property. | ||
1313 (January 13) | Clement V | Further considerations as to the question of the Templars' property. | ||
1313 | Pope Clement V | The first legal expression of territorial sovereignty. ... Ruled that an emperor could not judge a king ... that public power was territorially confined.[64] | ||
1317 | John XXII | Elevated the Diocese of Toulouse to Archbishop and created six new bishoprics. | ||
1317 | John XXII | orders Jews to wear badge on breast, and issues bull against ex-Jews | ||
1317 | Sancta Romana | John XXII | Addressed the claim that the Franciscan Tuscan Spirituals had been authorized by Celestine V.[65] | |
1317 (March 31) | Si Fratrum | John XXII | Negates any imperial-bestowed titles that are not confirmed by the Pope.[66][67] | |
1317 (October) | Quorundam exigit | John XXII | Reiterated Clement V's bull, Exivi de paradiso, while stating that friars that disagreed with their superiors would not accuse them of violating Franciscan rule.[68][69] | |
1318 (January 23) | John XXII | The Franciscan "Spirituals" of Tuscany are declared heretics and excommunicated. | ||
1318 (April 1) | ("Our redeemer") |
John XXII | Withdrew the Mongol Ilkhan's dominions and 'India' from the archdiocese of Khanbaligh, transferring to a Dominican province | |
1319 (March 14) | John XXII | Created Portuguese Order of Christ.[70] | ||
1320 (June 28) | John XXII | Orders that converts from Judaism shall retain their property | ||
1320 (September 4) | John XXII | to French bishops bull against Talmud | ||
1322 | John XXII | Freedom of discussion in poverty controversy | ||
1322 | John XXII | Continuation of poverty controversy | ||
1323 | John XXII | Defines the belief in the poverty of Christ and the Apostles as heretical.[71] | ||
1324 | John XXII | Condemned those that disagreed with Cum inter nonnullos[72] | ||
1329 | John XXII | |||
1329 | John XXII | |||
1333 (December 2) | John XXII | |||
1336 | Benedictus Deus ("On the beatific vision of God") |
Benedict XII | Declared that the saved see Heaven (and thus, God) before Judgement Day.[73] | |
1337 (August 29) | Benedict XII | Promising inquiry into host-tragedy of Pulka | ||
1338 | Benedict XII | Letter to Mongol ruler Ozbeg and his family, thanking them for having granted land to Franciscans to build a church[49] | ||
1338 | Benedict XII | Letter to Mongol ruler Ozbeg recommending ambassadors, and thanking Ozbeg for prior favors shown to missionaries[49] | ||
1342 | Clement VI | Declared the Franciscan Order as the official Custodian of the Holy Land in the name of the Church. | ||
1343 (January 27) | Clement VI | Justified papal power to issue indulgences | ||
1345 (July 5) | Clement VI | Against forcible baptism | ||
1348 (July 4) | Clement VI | Confirms "Sicut Judäis" | ||
1348 (September 26) | Clement VI | An attempt to dispel the rumor that the Jews caused the Black Death by poisoning wells. | ||
1350 | Clement VI | |||
1363 | (sometimes known as In Coena Domini)[56] | Urban V | Against pirates, those who supply arms to Saracens, and those who intercept supplies intended for Rome | |
1365 (July 7) | Urban V | Confirms "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1372 | Gregory XI | Excommunicating forgers of Letters Apostolic | ||
1383 | Urban VI | Regarding ecclesiastical immunities | ||
Boniface IX | Raises the see of Lisbon to Metropolitan status | |||
1389 (July 2) | Boniface IX | Confirms "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1397 (April 6) | Boniface IX | Confirms grant of Roman citizenship to Jewish physician Manuele and son Angelo | ||
1402 (April 15) | Boniface IX | Grants privileges to Roman Jews—reducing their taxes, ordering their Sabbath to be protected, placing them under the jurisdiction of the Curia, protecting them from oppression by officials; all Jews dwelling in the city to be regarded and treated as Roman citizens | ||
1409 (December 20) | Alexander V | order to suppress all the books of John Wycliffe in Bohemia.[74] | ||
1413 (August 28) | Antipope Benedict XIII | Grants university status to the Augustinian society of higher learning in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland which became the University of St Andrews | ||
1415 (May 11) | Etsi doctoribus gentium | Antipope Benedict XIII | Against Talmud or any other Jewish book attacking Christianity | |
1417 | Bull against Talmud | |||
1418 | Martin V | Exempt jurisdiction of Ecclesiastical courts | ||
1418 (January 31) | Martin V | Forbidding the forcible baptism of Jews or the disturbance of their synagogues | ||
1418 (April 4) | Martin V | After the seizure of Ceuta called on all to support John I of Portugal in his war against the Moors[75] | ||
1420 (March 1) | Martin V | Calls for a crusade against followers of Jan Hus, John Wycliffe, and other heretics. It initiates the Hussite Wars. | ||
1420 (November 25) | Martin V | To German Jews confirming their privileges | ||
1420 (December 23) | Martin V | In favor of Austrian Jews[20] | ||
1421 | Martin V | To the Benedictine Abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omer, granting permission for the monks to elect their own confessors.[76] | ||
1421 (February 23) | Martin V | In favor of Jews and against anti-Jewish sermons; permits Jewish physicians to practice | ||
1422 (February 20) | Martin V | Confirms "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1423 (June 3) | Martin V | Renews law requiring Jews to wear badge | ||
1425 | Martin V | Foundation of the Old University of Leuven[77] | ||
1425 | Mare Anglicanum | Martin V | Confirmed the bull Mare Magnum and gave Syon independence from Vadstena and the general order chapter house.[78] | |
1426 (February 14) | Martin V | Against Jews | ||
1428 | Martin V | Supreme jurisdiction of the Roman court | ||
1429 (February 15) | Martin V | Places Roman Jews under the general civic law, protects them from forcible baptism, and permits them to teach in the school | ||
Eugene IV | Prohibited imposition of inordinately high dues on converted Canary islanders[75] | |||
1432 (February 8) | Eugene IV | Protection for Jews, renewing ordinances against forcible baptism and disturbance of synagogues and graveyards | ||
1434 (February 20) | Eugene IV | Prohibiting anti-Jewish sermons | ||
1434 (December 17) | Creator Omnium | Eugene IV | On slave raiding in the Canaries | |
1435 | Sicut Dudum | Eugene IV | Forbidding the slavery of local natives in the Canary Islands by Spanish slave traders.[79] | |
1437 (September 18) | Eugene IV | Transfers the Council of Basel to Ferrara[80] | ||
1437 | Eugene IV | |||
1439 (January) | Eugene IV | Transfers the Council of Ferrara to Florence because of the plague[81] | ||
1439 (July 6) | Laetentur Caeli ("Rejoicing of the Heavens") |
Eugene IV | Officially re-united the Roman Catholic Church with the Eastern Orthodox Churches. This agreement was quickly repudiated by most eastern bishops.[82] | |
1442 (February 4) | Bull of Union with the Copts | Eugene IV | Part of an attempt by the Catholic Church to reunite with other Christian groups including the Coptic Church of Egypt. | |
1442 (August 8) | Dundum ad nostram audientiam | Eugene IV | Complete separation of Jews and Christians (ghetto). | |
1442 (August 10) | Eugene IV | Revokes the privileges of the Castilian Jews and imposes severe restrictions on them. Forbids Castilian Christians to eat, drink, live or bathe with Jews or Muslims and declaring invalid the testimony of Jews or Muslims against Christians.[83] | ||
1442 (December 19) | Illius qui se pro divini | Eugene IV | On Henry of Portugal's crusade against the Saracens[84] | |
1443 (January 5) | Eugene IV | Takes neutral position on territorial disputes between Portugal and Castile regarding rights claimed in Africa.[85] | ||
1447 (June 23) | Nicholas V | Re-issues Eugene IV's bull against Castilian Jews to Italy.[86][87] | ||
1447 (Nov. 2) | Nicholas V | Confirms "Sicut Judæis" | ||
1451 (January 7) | Nicholas V | Foundation of the University of Glasgow.[88] | ||
1451 (February 25) | Nicholas V | Prohibiting social intercourse with Jews and Saracens | ||
1451 (March 1) | Nicholas V | Third issuance of Eugenius IV's bull. Confirms the earlier revocation of privileges and restrictions against Spanish and Italian Jews.[89][90] | ||
1451 (May 8) | Nicholas V | |||
1451 (September 21) | Romanus pontifex | Nicholas V | Relieving the dukes of Austria from ecclesiastical censure for permitting Jews to dwell there | |
1452 (June 18) | Dum diversas | Nicholas V | Authorizes Afonso V of Portugal to reduce any Muslims, pagans and other unbelievers to perpetual slavery.[91] | |
1453 (September 30) | Etsi ecclesia Christi | Nicholas V | Calls for a crusade to reverse the fall of Constantinople.[92] | |
1454 (January 8) | Nicholas V | Concedes to Afonso V all conquests in Africa from Cape Non to Guinea, with authorization to build churches[93] | ||
1454 (Jan.8) | Nicholas V | Extended Portuguese dominion over all the seas from Africa to India.[93] | ||
1455 (January 8) | Romanus Pontifex ("The Roman pontiff") |
Nicholas V | Granting the Portuguese a perpetual monopoly in trade with Africa and allows the enslavement of natives.[94] | |
1455 | Clement V | On the rules of the Friar Minor[95] | ||
1455 (May 15) | Ad summi apostolatus apicem | Callixtus III | Confirmed the bull Etsi ecclesia Christi.[96] | |
1456 (March 13) | Inter Caetera | Calixtus III | Confirmed the Bull Romanus Pontifex and gave the Portuguese Order of Christ the spiritualities of all lands acquired and to be acquired.[97] | |
1456 (June 20) | Cum hiis superioribus annis and is titled Bulla Turcorum | Calixtus III | Announces the Fall of Constantinople and seeks funding for another crusade against the Turks.[98] | |
1458 (October 13) | Vocavit nos pius | Pius II | Invites the European powers to the Congress of Mantua.[99] | |
1458 | Veram semper et solidam | Pius II | Orders the creation of the Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem to protect Christians in Greek waters from the Ottomans.[100] | |
1460 (January 14) | Ecclesiam Christi | Pius II | Calls for a three-year crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[101] | |
1460 (January 18) | Execrabilis ("Execrable") |
Pius II | Prohibits appealing a papal judgment to a future general council.[102] | |
1462 (April 28) | Cum almam nostram urbem | Pius II | Prohibits the destruction or removal of the ancient ruins in Rome and Campagna.[103] | |
1463 (October 22) | Ezechielis prophetae | Pius II | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[104] | |
1470 (April 19) | ("Ineffable Providence") |
Paul II | Declared that a Jubilee would take place every 25 years. | |
1472 (Feb. 21) | Sixtus IV | Orders taxation of Roman Jews at a tithe during the Turkish war, and a carnival tax of 1,100 gulden | ||
1476 | Sixtus IV | Threatens to excommunicate all captains or pirates who enslave Christians | ||
1478 (November 1) | Sixtus IV | Authorized Ferdinand and Isabella to appoint inquisitors which created the Spanish Inquisition.[105] | ||
1481 (April 3) | Sixtus IV | Orders all Christian princes to restore all fugitives to Inquisition of Spain | ||
1481 (April 8) | Cogimur jubente altissimo | Sixtus IV | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[106] | |
1481 (June 21) | Aeterni regis | Sixtus IV | Confirms the Treaty of Alcáçovas.[107] | |
1481 (Oct. 18) | Sixtus IV | Appointing Tomás de Torquemada inquisitor-general of Avignon, Valencia, and Catalonia | ||
1482 (April 14) | Sixtus IV | By which Bl. Bonaventure, Is registered in the Canon of the Saints | ||
1482 (August 2) | Sixtus IV | Ordered humanitarian reforms to the Spanish Inquisition.[108][109] | ||
1484 (December 5) | Summis desiderantes | Innocent VIII | Condemns an alleged outbreak of witchcraft and heresy in the region of the Rhine River valley, and deputizes Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany. | |
1486 (July 12) | Catholice fidei defensionem | Innocent VIII | Grants plenary indulgences to those who took part in Casimir IV Jagiellon's war against the Ottoman Empire.[110] | |
1487 (November 13) | Universo pene orbi | Innocent VIII | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[111] | |
1491 | Innocent VIII | (This may be a confusion with the decretal of Innocent III of the same name.) | ||
1493 (May 3) | Eximiae devotionis | Alexander VI | Accords to Spain recognition of the same rights and privileges regarding lands discovered in the west as had been previously confirmed to Portugal in the east. | |
1493 (May 4) | Inter caetera ("Among the other") |
Alexander VI | On the division of the undiscovered world between Spain and Portugal | |
1493 (June 25) | Alexander VI | Grants Spain vicarial power to appoint missionaries to the Indies. | ||
1493 (Sept 26) | Dudum siquidem | Alexander VI | Territorial grants supplemental to Inter caetera | |
1497 (October 15) | Alexander VI | The ancient custom of selecting the Prefect of the Apostolic Chapel from the Augustinian Order was given legal foundation.[112] | ||
1500 (June 1) | Alexander VI | Demanding for three years for the Turkish war one-twentieth of Jewish property throughout the world | ||
1500 (June 1) | Quamvis ad amplianda | Alexander VI | Calls for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire in response to Ottoman invasions of Venetian territories in Greece.[113] | |
1503 (December 26) | Julius II | Matrimonial dispensation for Henry VIII of England to marry Catherine of Aragon, his brother's widow. | ||
1509 | Julius II | Prohibiting appeals to future councils | ||
1509 | Julius II | Against plunderers of shipwrecks | ||
1511 | Pax Romana | Julius II | To stop the feuding between the Orsini and Colonna families[114] | |
1511 | Julius II | |||
1513 (December 19) | Apostolici Regiminis | Leo X | Concerning immortality of the soul.[115] | |
1514 (March 22) | Leo X | |||
1514 | Precelse denotionis | Leo X | renewed Dum Diversas of 1452 | |
1514 | Leo X | Calls for reform of the curia and declares that cardinals should come immediately after the pope in the ecclesiastical hierarchy. | ||
1515 (May 4) | Leo X | Requires that metropolitan bishops hold a provincial synod every three years. | ||
1515 (July 19) | Leo X | Roman hospitals, S. Maria del Popolo and S. Giacomo and Tridente.[116] | ||
1516 (May 19) | Illius qui in altis habitat | Leo X | Roman hospitals. | |
1516 (June 16) | De Supernae dispositionis arbitrio | Leo X | Funding of San Giacomo hospital throughout enfiteusis | |
1516 (December 19) | Pastor aeternus | Leo X | Declared the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges null and void.[117] | |
1517 (May 29) | Ite vos | Leo X | Order of Friars Minor[118] | |
1519 | Supremo | Leo X | ||
1520 (June 15) | Exsurge Domine ("Arise, O Lord") |
Leo X | Demands that Martin Luther retract 41 of his 95 theses, as well as other specified errors, within sixty days of its publication in neighbouring regions to Saxony. | |
1521 (January 3) | Decet Romanum Pontificem ("[It] befits [the] Roman Pontiff") |
Leo X | Excommunicates Martin Luther.[119] | |
1529 (May 8) | Intra Arcana | Clement VII | Grant of permissions and privileges to Emperor Charles V and the Spanish Empire, which included patronage power over their lands in the Americas.[120] | |
1524 (April 7) | Clement VII | In favor of Maranos | ||
1531 (Dec. 17) | Cum ad nihil magis | Clement VII | Introduces Inquisition into Portugal at Evora, Coimbra, and Lisbon | |
1533 (Apr. 7) | Sempiterno regi | Clement VII | Partial condemnation of the forced baptism of Portuguese Jews, and general pardon to New Christians.[121] | |
1533 | Romanus Pontifex | Clement VII | ||
1537 (May 29) | Sublimis Deus | Paul III | Forbids the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. | |
1538 (October 28) | Paul III | |||
1540 | Paul III | Granting Neo-Christians family property except that gained by usury, also municipal rights, but must not marry among themselves or be buried among Jews | ||
1540 (May 12) | Paul III | against blood libel | ||
1540 (September 27) | Regimini militantis ecclesiae ("To the Government of the Church Militant") |
Paul III | Approves the formation of the Society of Jesus.[122] | |
1542 | Cupientes iudaeos | Paul III | Converts from Judaism are guaranteed citizenship at their place of baptism.[123] | |
1542 (July 21) | Licet ab initio | Paul III | Institution of the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition.[124] | |
1543 (March 14) | Injunctum nobis | Paul III | Repealed a clause in the Regimini militantis ecclesiae which had only allowed the Society of Jesus sixty members.[125] | |
1550 (July 21) | Exposcit debitum ("The Duty demands") |
Julius III | Second and final approval of the Society of Jesus | |
1551 (February 25) | ("Upon the watchtower of the Church Militant") |
Julius III | Ended the status of Funchal as the largest diocese in the world, creating new bishoprics throughout the Portuguese Empire at Salvador &c. | |
1553 (April 28) | ("So predisposed by the divine clemency") |
Julius III | Create Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa the first patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church. | |
1554 (August 31) | Julius III | Imposes tax of ten gold ducats on two out of the 115 synagogues in the Papal States | ||
1555 (June 20) | Praeclara Carissimi | Paul IV | Consisted of two parts. Confirmed the sale of church lands under Henry VIII of England and imposed the reordination of all clerics consecrated during Henry VIII and Edward VI of England.[126] | |
1555 (July 14) | Cum nimis absurdum ("Since it is absurd") |
Paul IV | Places religious and economic restrictions on Jews in the Papal States.[127] | |
1555 (August 8) | Paul IV | Ameliorates some of the restrictions imposed by "Cum nimis absurdum" | ||
1559 (February 15) | Cum ex apostolatus officio ("By virtue of the apostolic office") |
Paul IV | Confirms that only Catholics can be elected Popes. | |
1560 (January 19) | Ad caritatis et misericordiae opera | Pius IV | Roman hospital of San Giacomo degli Incurabili. | |
1564 | Pius IV | Containing the rules for forbidding books[1] | ||
1564 (January 26) | Benedictus Deus ("Blessed God") |
Pius IV | Ratified all decrees and definitions of the Council of Trent.[128] | |
1565 (January 17) | ("We consider it equal") |
Pius V | ||
1566 | Pius V | Reiterates condemnation of those who plunder shipwrecks | ||
1567 | Ex omnibus afflictionibus | Pius V | Condemns 79 statements made by Michael Baius[129] | |
1567 (Jan. 19) | Pius V | Orders Jews to sell all property in Papal States | ||
1568 (June 7) | Pius V | Modified the Roman Breviary | ||
1569 (February) | Pius V | Restricted Jews in the Papal States to Rome and Ancona.[130] | ||
1569 (Aug. 27) | Pius V | Elevated Cosimo I de' Medici to Grand Duke of Tuscany.[131] | ||
1569 (Sept. 17) | Consueverunt Romani Pontifices | Pius V | On the power of the Rosary | |
1570 (February 25) | Regnans in excelsis ("Ruling from on high") |
Pius V | Declares Elizabeth I of England a heretic and releases her subjects from any allegiance to her.[132] | |
1570 (July 14) | Quo primum ("From the first") |
Pius V | Promulgates the Roman Missal (Tridentine Mass), and forbids use of other Latin liturgical rites that cannot demonstrate two hundred year of continuous use. | |
1572 (September 16) | Gregory XIII | Foundation of Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus | ||
1572 (November 13) | Gregory XIII | Dispositions about Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus | ||
1574 | Gregory XIII | |||
1581 (March 30) | Gregory XIII | Renews Church law against Jewish physicians | ||
1581 (June 1) | Gregory XIII | Gives jurisdiction over Jews of Rome to Inquisition in cases of blasphemy, protection of heretics, possession of forbidden works, employment of Christian servants | ||
1582 (February 24) | Inter gravissimas ("Among the most important") |
Gregory XIII | Establishes the Gregorian calendar. | |
1584 (24 May) | Ascendente Domino | Gregory XIII | Confirms the constitution of the Society of Jesus. | |
1584 (Sept 1) | Gregory XIII | Orders 150 Jews (100 men, 50 women) to attend weekly conversion sermons | ||
1586 (January 5) | ("The heavens and the lands") |
Sixtus V | Condemned "judicial astrology" as superstitious. | |
1586 (October) | ("Christian piety") |
Sixtus V | Allowed Jews to settle in the Papal States, revoking Pius V's 1569 bull, Hebraeorum gens sola.[133] | |
1587 (June 4) | Sixtus V | Grants Magino di Gabriel of Venice the monopoly of silk-manufacture in Papal States for sixty years, and ordering five mulberry-trees to be planted in every rubbio of land | ||
1588 (February 11) | Immensa Aeterni Dei ("The immense [wisdom] of Eternal God") |
Sixtus V | Reorganized the Roman Curia, establishing several permanent congregations to advise the Pope.[134] | |
1588 (October 29) | ("Against Those who Procure") |
Sixtus V | Declares that the canonical penalty of excommunication would be levied for any form of contraception and for abortion at any stage of fetal development. | |
1588 | Sixtus V | Officially elevates St. Bonaventure to the status of Doctor of the Church[135] | ||
1592 (Feb. 28) | Cum sæpe accidere | Clement VIII | Forbidding Jews to deal in new commodities | |
1593 | Caeca et Obdurata ("The Blind and Obdurate") |
Clement VIII | Expelled the Jews from the Papal States. | |
1593 | Clement VIII | |||
1593 (Mar. 8) | Clement VIII | In favor of Turkish Jews | ||
1604 (Aug. 23) | Clement VIII | In favor of Portuguese Maranos | ||
Dominici gregis | Clement VIII | Marian piety as the basis of the Church.[136] | ||
1610 (Aug. 7) | Paul V | Regulates dowries of Roman Jews | ||
1631 | Urban VIII | Condemns astrological predictions of the deaths of princes and popes.[137] | ||
1639 (April 22) | Urban VIII | Reaffirms "Sublimus Dei" forbidding enslavement of indigenous people | ||
1641 (6 March) | In eminenti Ecclesiae militantis | Urban VIII | Censures Jansenist publications.[138] | |
1644 | Urban VIII | Grants pilgrims to the Jesuit mission at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons "a Plenary Indulgence each year and the remission of all their sins."[139] | ||
1653 (May 31) | Cum occasione | Innocent X | Condemns 5 Jansenist propositions.[140] | |
1658 (Nov. 15) | Alexander VII | Orders Roman Jews to pay rent even for unoccupied houses in ghetto, because Jews would not hire houses from which Jews had been evicted | ||
1659 | Alexander VII | Establishing the Catholic mission in Vietnam | ||
1664 | Alexander VII | Introducing the new edition of the Index of Forbidden Books | ||
1665 | ("To the sacred") |
Alexander VII | Confirms bull Cum occasione and further condemns Jansenism[141] | |
1674 (Oct. 3) | Clement X | Suspends operations of Portuguese Inquisition against Maranos | ||
1676 (November 16) | Innocent XI | Establishes Salvador as independent of Lisbon and as primate over Brazil, Congo, and Angola | ||
1679 (May 27) | Innocent XI | Suspends grand inquisitor of Portugal on account of his treatment of Maranos | ||
1687 | Coelestis Pastor | Innocent XI | Condemns Quietism as heresy. | |
1692 | Romanum decet Pontificem ("It befits the Roman Pontiff") |
Innocent XII | Abolished the office of Cardinal-Nephew[142] | |
1713 | Unigenitus ("The only-begotten") |
Clement XI | Condemns Jansenism. | |
1715 (Mar. 19) | Clement XI | Chinese customs and traditions that are not contradictory to Roman Catholicism will be allowed, while those that are clearly contradictory to it will not be tolerated. | ||
1737 (Dec. 17) | Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii ("Among the main attributes of the Apostolate") |
Clement XII | Determines that whoever is elected Patriarch of Lisbon is to be elevated to the dignity of cardinal in the first consistory following their election. | |
1738 | In eminenti apostolatus specula ("In the high watchtower of the Apostolate") |
Clement XII | Bans Catholics from becoming Freemasons. | |
1740 (Dec. 13) | Salvatoris nostri Mater ("The Mother of Our Saviour") |
Benedict XIV | Suppresses the vacant Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eastern Lisbon and merges it with the Patriarchate of Lisbon; grants the canons of the cathedral chapter the title of Principal. | |
1741 (Feb. 23) | Apostolicae Servitutis ("Apostolic Servitude") |
Benedict XIV | Forbids members of the clergy from engaging in worldly pursuits such as business. | |
1747 (Feb. 28) | Postremo mense superioris anni | Benedict XIV | Confirms decision of Roman Curia of Oct. 22, 1597, that a Jewish child, once baptized, even against canonical law, must be brought up under Christian influences and removed from its parents | |
1755 | ("Blessed Andreas") |
Benedict XIV | Beatified child martyr Andreas Oxner, said in a blood libel accusation to have been murdered by Jews in 1462.[143] | |
1773 | Dominus ac Redemptor noster ("Our Master and Redeemer") |
Clement XIV | Permanently and irrevocably suppressing the Society of Jesus. | |
1794 (August 28) | Auctorem Fidei[144] | Pius VI | Condemning the Gallicanism and Jansenism of the Synod of Pistoia. | |
1809 (June 10) | Quum memoranda | Pius VII | Excommunicated Napoleon Bonaparte and anyone who contributed to the annexation of the Papal States and overthrow of the Holy See's temporal power by the First French Empire | |
1814 | Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum ("The care of all the churches") |
Pius VII | Reestablishes the Society of Jesus. | |
1824 | Quod divina sapientia ("What divine wisdom") |
Leo XII | Restructures education in the Papal States under ecclesiastical supervision. | |
1831 | Sollicitudo ecclesiarum | Gregory XVI | That in the event of a change of government, the church would negotiate with the new government for placement of bishops and vacant dioceses.[145] | |
1850 (September 29) | Universalis Ecclesiae ("Of the Universal Church") |
Pius IX | Recreates the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England. | |
1853 (March 4)[146] | Ex qua die arcano ("From the very day when by the secret [counsels]...") |
Pius IX | Reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands | |
1854 | Ineffabilis Deus | Pius IX | Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception | |
1866 (July 12) | ("To come back") |
Pius IX | Extends to the Armenian Catholic Church the Western provisions about appointment of bishops. | |
1868 (June 29) | Aeterni Patris ("Of the Eternal Father") |
Pius IX | Summons First Vatican Council. | |
1869 (October 12) | Apostolicæ Sedis moderationi ("To the guidance of the Apostolic See") |
Pius IX | Regulates the system of censures and reservations in the Catholic Church. | |
1871 | Pastor aeternus ("The eternal shepherd") |
Pius IX | Defines papal infallibility. | |
1880 (July 13) | ("Among other things, we lament") |
Leo XIII | Reinstates the privileges of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), nullifying the bull Dominus ac Redemptor Noster of 21 July 1773.[147] | |
1884 (November 1) | Omnipotens Deus ("God Almighty") |
Leo XIII | Accepted the authenticity of the relics at Compostela, Galicia, Spain. | |
1896 | Apostolicae curae ("Of the Apostolic care") |
Leo XIII | Declares all Anglican Holy Orders null and void. | |
1910 | Quam singulari ("How special") |
Pius X | Allows the admittance of Communion to children who have reached the age of reason (about seven years old).[148] | |
1930 | Pius XI | Created the Diocese of Vijayapuram. | ||
1949 | Jubilaeum Maximum
("Great jubilee") |
Pius XII | Announcement of 1950 as a Holy Year | |
1950 (November 1) | Munificentissimus Deus ("The most bountiful God") |
Pius XII | Defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary.[149] | |
1961 (December 25) | Humanae salutis ("Of human salvation") |
John XXIII | Summons Second Vatican Council. | |
1998 (November 29) | ("The mystery of the Incarnation") |
John Paul II | Indiction of the Great Jubilee of 2000 | |
2015 (April 11) | Misericordiae Vultus ("The Face of Mercy") |
Francis | Indiction of a Holy Year: The Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy 2015-2016 |
Also note In Coena Domini ("At the table of the Lord"), a recurrent papal bull issued annually between 1363 and 1770, at first on Holy Thursday, later on Easter Monday.
References[]
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Sources[]
- Biller, Peter; Bruschi, C.; Sneddon, S., eds. (2011). Inquisitors and Heretics in Thirteenth-Century Languedoc:Edition and Translation of Toulouse Inquistion Depositions, 1273-1282. Brill.
- Oakley, Francis (1985). The Western Church in the Later Middle Ages. Cornell University Press.
- Rothman, E. Natalie (2012). Brokering Empire: Trans-Imperial Subjects Between Venice and Istanbul. Cornell University Press.
- Bagliani, Agostino Paravincini (2002). "Gregory IX". In Levillain, Philippe (ed.). The Papacy. Vol. 2:Gaius-Proxies. Routledge.
- Bagliani, Agostino Paravincini (2002a). "Honorius III". In Levillain, Philippe (ed.). The Papacy. Vol. 2:Gaius-Proxies. Routledge.
- Prudlo, Donald S. (2015). Certain Sainthood: Canonization and the Origins of Papal Infallibility in. Cornell University Press.85
External links[]
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