List of physical constants

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Table of physical constants[]

Symbol Quantity Value[1] Relative
standard
uncertainty 		Group
speed of light in vacuum 299792458 m⋅s−1[2] 0 ud     
Planck constant 6.62607015×10−34 J⋅Hz−1[3] 0 ud   f 
reduced Planck constant 1.054571817...×10−34 J⋅s[4] 0 ud   f 
Newtonian constant of gravitation 6.67430(15)×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2[5] 2.2×10−5 u    f 
vacuum electric permittivity 8.8541878128(13)×10−12 F⋅m−1[6] 1.5×10−10 u    f 
vacuum magnetic permeability 1.25663706212(19)×10−6 N⋅A−2[7] 1.5×10−10 u    f 
characteristic impedance of vacuum 376.730313668(57) Ω[8] 1.5×10−10 u      
elementary charge 1.602176634×10−19 C[9] 0  de  f 
hyperfine transition frequency of 133Cs 9192631770 Hz[10] 0  d     
Avogadro constant 6.02214076×1023 mol−1[11] 0  d  pf 
Boltzmann constant 1.380649×10−23 J⋅K−1[12] 0  d  pf 
conductance quantum 7.748091729...×10−5 S[13] 0   e  f 
Josephson constant 483597.8484...×109 Hz⋅V−1[14] 0   e  f 
Coulomb constant 8.9875517923(14)×109 kg⋅m3⋅s−2⋅C−2[15] 0   e  f 
von Klitzing constant 25812.80745... Ω[16] 0   e  f 
magnetic flux quantum 2.067833848...×10−15 Wb[17] 0   e  f 
inverse conductance quantum 12906.40372... Ω[18] 0   e    
Bohr magneton 9.2740100783(28)×10−24 J⋅T−1[19] 3.0×10−10   e    
nuclear magneton 5.0507837461(15)×10−27 J⋅T−1[20] 3.1×10−10   e    
fine-structure constant 7.2973525693(11)×10−3[21] 1.5×10−10    a f 
inverse fine-structure constant 137.035999084(21)[22] 1.5×10−10    a f 
electron mass 9.1093837015(28)×10−31 kg[23] 3.0×10−10    a f 
proton mass 1.67262192369(51)×10−27 kg[24] 3.1×10−10    a f 
neutron mass 1.67492749804(95)×10−27 kg[25] 5.7×10−10    a   
Bohr radius 5.29177210903(80)×10−11 m[26] 1.5×10−10    a   
classical electron radius 2.8179403262(13)×10−15 m[27] 4.5×10−10    a   
electron g-factor −2.00231930436256(35)[28] 1.7×10−13    a   
Fermi coupling constant 1.1663787(6)×10−5 GeV−2[29] 5.1×10−7    a   
Hartree energy 4.3597447222071(85)×10−18 J[30] 1.9×10−12    a   
quantum of circulation 3.6369475516(11)×10−4 m2⋅s−1[31] 3.0×10−10    a   
Rydberg constant 10973731.568160(21) m−1[32] 1.9×10−12    a   
Thomson cross section 6.6524587321(60)×10−29 m2[33] 9.1×10−10    a   
W-to-Z mass ratio 0.88153(17)[34] 1.9×10−4        
weak mixing angle 0.22290(30)[35] 1.3×10−3    a   
atomic mass constant 1.66053906660(50)×10−27 kg[36] 3.0×10−10     pf 
Faraday constant 96485.33212... C⋅mol−1[37] 0     pf 
molar gas constant 8.314462618... J⋅mol−1⋅K−1[38] 0     pf 
molar mass constant 0.99999999965(30)×10−3 kg⋅mol−1[39] 3.0×10−10     pf 
Stefan–Boltzmann constant 5.670374419...×10−8 W⋅m−2⋅K−4[40] 0     pf 
first radiation constant 3.741771852...×10−16 W⋅m2[41] 0     p  
first radiation constant for spectral radiance 1.191042972...×10−16 W⋅m2⋅sr−1[42] 0     p  
molar mass of carbon-12 11.9999999958(36)×10−3 kg⋅mol−1[43] 3.0×10−10     p  
molar Planck constant 3.990312712...×10−10 J⋅Hz−1⋅mol−1[44] 0     p  
second radiation constant 1.438776877...×10−2 m⋅K[45] 0     p  
Wien wavelength displacement law constant 2.897771955...×10−3 m⋅K[46] 0     p  
Wien frequency displacement law constant 5.878925757...×1010 Hz⋅K−1[47] 0     p  
Wien entropy displacement law constant 3.002916077...×10−3 m⋅K[48] 0     p  
'Group' reflects categorization on the NIST website:[49]
u: universal
d: defined
e: electromagnetic
a: atomic and nuclear
p: physico-chemical
f: frequently used
n: non-SI units
There are some notable omissions in the site's classification: the speed of light (f), vacuum electric permittivity (e), vacuum magnetic permeability (e), hyperfine transition frequency of 133Cs (p).

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ The values are given in the so-called concise form; the number in parentheses is the standard uncertainty and indicates the amount by which the least significant digits of the value are uncertain.
  2. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  3. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  4. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
  5. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  6. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  7. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  8. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: characteristic impedance of vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
  9. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  10. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  11. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  12. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  13. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  14. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  15. ^ Huray, Paul G., 1941- (2010). Maxwell's equations. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. pp. 8, 57. ISBN 978-0-470-54991-9. OCLC 739118459.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  17. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  18. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse of conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  19. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  20. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: nuclear magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  21. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  22. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  23. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  24. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  25. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
  26. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  27. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: classical electron radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  28. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2020-03-13.
  29. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  30. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Hartree energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  31. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: quantum of circulation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  32. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  33. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Thomson cross section". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  34. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: W to Z mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-21.
  35. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: weak mixing angle". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  36. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  37. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  38. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  39. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  40. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Stefan–Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  41. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  42. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant for spectral radiance". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  43. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass of carbon-12". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  44. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  45. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: second radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  46. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  47. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien frequency displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  48. ^ Delgado-Bonal A (May 2017). "Entropy of radiation: the unseen side of light". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 1642. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.1642D. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01622-6. PMC 5432030. PMID 28490790.
  49. ^ "Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST".
Retrieved from ""