List of prehistoric lakes

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This a partial list of prehistoric lakes. Although the form of the names below differ, the lists are alphabetized by the identifying name of the lake (e.g., Algonquin for Glacial Lake Algonquin). YBP = Years Before Present.

North America[]

Endorheic basins[]

Atlantic Drainage[]

  • St. Lawrence River drainage, i.e., the Great Lakes
    • Champlain Sea; 11,800 – 8,200 YBP on the lower St. Lawrence, from Ottawa River to the Gulf of St. Lawrence[1][2]
    • Lake Ontario basin: 8,400 YBP[1]
      • ; 8,700 – 11,800 YBP[1]
      • Lake Admiralty; 10,000 YBP[3]
      • Lake Frontenac; 12,000 – 11,000 YBP[4] covering the Ontario basin and to the northeast up the St. Lawrence Valley covering the low lands north to the Ottawa River and Montreal.[1]
      • Glacial Lake Iroquois; 13,000 – 10,500 YBP[5] and covered all of the Ontario basin and southward across central New York, reaching to the Finger Lakes.[1]
    • Finger Lakes of New York plus 12 minor lakes[6]
      • in the Canaseraga valley[6]
      • in the Conesus valley[6]
      • in the Canandaigua valley[6]
      • in the Keoka valley.[6]
      • Watkins Lake in the Seneca valley[6]
      • in the Cayuga valley[6]
    • Lake Erie (8,400 YBP) basin[1]
      • Early Lake Erie; 11,800 – 8,700 YBP in Ohio, Ontario, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York and located in the Erie basin[1]
      • ; 2,000 YBP[7] in Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, and New York
      • stage of Lake Lundy @ 620 feet (190 m) above sea level[7]
      • stage of Lake Lundy @ 590 feet (180 m) above sea level[7]
      • stage of Lake Lundy @ 640 feet (200 m) above sea level[7]
      • Lake Tonawanda; 10,000 YBP[8] in western New York
      • Lake Wayne; ended by 12,000 YBP[7] in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, expanding from Lake Warren to cover most of the Erie basin[1]
      • Lake Warren; 12,700 YBP[7] in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, covering southern portion of the basin[1]
      • Lake Whittlesey; 13,000 – 12,700 YBP[7] in Ohio, Ontario, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. It covered the western half of the Erie basin and north over southwest Ontario to the tip of Lake Huron.[1]
      • Lake Arkona; 13,600 – 13,200 YBP[7] in Ohio, Ontario, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. Covered two-thirds of the Erie basin, north across southwest Ontario to include the southern tip of Lake Huron, the ‘thumb’ of Michigan and low lands south and west of Saginaw Bay.[1]
      • Lake Maumee; 14,000 – 13,000 YBP[7] in Ohio, Ontario and Michigan. The western basin reaching to Fort Wayne, Indiana.[1]
    • in Michigan south of Detroit.
    • Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River:
      • : 12,500 – 5,500 YPB in Lake St. Clair; Michigan and Ontario.[1]
    • Lake Huron basin
      • Later Lake Saginaw in Saginaw Bay on the lower peninsula of Michigan.
      • Nipissing Great Lakes; 5,500[9] - 4,500 YBP[10]
      • Lake Nipissing; 8,400 – 5,500 YBP formed as the water bodies in the Superior and Huron basins merged across Sault Ste. Marie around 8,4000 YBP and then merged with the Michigan basin around 7,800.[1]
      • Lake Stanley-Hough; 8,700 YBP, the water levels had risen to connect both Lake Stanley and Lake Hough into a single body of water.[1]
      • Lake Stanley; 9,000 YBP[1] covered only the northern and eastern portion of the main Huron basin with channels into Lake Hough.[1]
      • ; 9,000 YBP[1] covered Georgian Bay, Ontario.[1]
      • Glacial Lake Algonquin; 9,000 – 7,000 YBP[10]
      • Lake Stanley; to 10,000 YBP [9]
      • Lake Saginaw; 13,500 YBP 10,300 YBP along the southern shore of Saginaw Bay and the low lands to the southwest.[1]
    • Lake Michigan (1,500 YBP) basin
      • Nipissing Great Lakes: 5,500[9] - 4,500 YBP[10]
      • Lake Nipissing; 8,400 – 5,500 YBP formed as the water bodies in the Superior and Huron basins merged across Sault Ste. Marie around 8,4000 YBP and then merged with the Michigan basin around 7,800.[1]
      • Glacial Lake Algonquin; 9,000 – 7,000 YBP[10]
      • Lake Chippewa; 10,700 – 7,500 YBP,[1] covered the lowest elevations in the Lake Michigan basin forming a linear lake in the middle, linked by a narrow proto-Straits of Mackinac and the Mackinac Falls to Lake Stanley.[1]
      • Lake Chicago; 14,000 – 11,000 YBP[1] along the southern shore and growing slowly northward.
    • Lake Superior basin
      • Precursor Lakes, before the formation of basin wide bodies of water.[11]
      • Nipissing Great Lakes: 8,400 – 5,500 YBP formed as the water bodies in the Superior and Huron basins merged across Sault Ste. Marie around 8,4000 YBP and then merged with the Michigan basin around 7,800.;[1] - 5,500;[9] - 4,500 YBP[10]
      • ; 8,700 – 8,000 YBP covered the Superior basin in Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.[1]
      • ; 9,500 YBP occupied a shallow basin in the eastern side of Lake Superior after Lake Minong had shrunk below rock sills internal to the lake basin.[12]
      • Lake Minong; 10,300 – 9,800 YBP [13] covering most of the modern Superior basin.[1]
      • ; 10,600 YBP[1] along the Wisconsin and Michigan shore, reaching less than halfway across the basin.[1]
      • Lake Duluth; 11,500 – 11,000 YBP[13] in the western half of the Superior basin.[1]
      • occupied St. Louis Bay at the southern tip of modern Lake Superior.
      • ; 12,500 – 12,000 YBP[1] in the western Superior basin.[1]
  • Atlantic Ocean

Gulf of Mexico Drainage[]

Arctic Drainage[]

  • MacKenzie River basin
    • in the Northwest Territories.
    • Lake McConnell; 11,800 – 8,400 YBP[27]
    • Lake Agassiz; 12,875 – 8,480 YBP[28] in Manitoba and Ontario, stretching south in the James River valley of North Dakota and Minnesota.
    • Modern: Lake Winnipeg, Cedar Lake (Manitoba), Lake Winnipegosis, Lake Manitoba, Lake of the Woods
      • in Alberta
      • Lake Peace in Alberta and British Columbia
      • in southwestern Manitoba
      • Lake Souris across North Dakota and Manitoba
    • Hudson Bay drainage
      • ; 7,000 – 6,000 YBP[1]
      • Lake Ojibway; 8,500 – 8,200 YBP[29]
      • in Ontario, east of Lake Nipigon

Pacific Drainage[]

  • Pacific Ocean:
    • Lake Atna drained from present-day Copper River Basin
    • drained north from present-day Puget Sound in Washington
    • Lake Cahuilla in Southern California at the Salton Sea and today's cities of Indio, Mexicali, and El Centro, CA
    • formed in the southern hook of the Hood Canal and drained south through Glacial Lake Russell at Tacoma and the Black River Valley to the Chehalis River.
    • Lake Modoc formed on the Klamath River, at Upper Klamath Lake, Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake
    • Lake Nisqually preceded Lake Russell and waters, west of Tacoma, including the Narrows.
    • Lake Puyallup was on the middle and upper Puyallup River and preceded Lake Tacoma.
    • Glacial Lake Russell drained south from present-day Puget Sound in Washington.
    • preceded Lake Sammamish, draining into Glacial Lake Russell’s bay in the Lake Russell’s bay in the Lake Washington basin east of Seattle.
    • Lake Skokomish drained the southeast flank of the Olympic Mountains in the Skokomish River basin.
  • Lake Tacoma was at the southern end of the Vashon Glacier in Puget Sound covering Commencement Bay, extending south up the Puyallup River valley. Washington basin east of Seattle.
    • in Washington State
  • Columbia River basin:
  • Great Basin of California, Nevada, Utah, Oregon & Idaho:
    • in Oregon and Nevada
    • in California
    • Lake Bonneville; 32,000 – 14,500 YBP in Utah and Idaho and Nevada.[32]
    • in Nevada
    • Lake Chewaucan in Oregon
    • in Nevada
    • in Nevada
    • in Nevada
    • in Oregon
    • in California and Oregon
    • in California
    • Lake Manly; 186,000 – 10,000 YBP, covered Death Valley
    • Lake Mojave in California
    • Lake Owens in California
    • Lake Panamint in California
    • in Nevada
    • Lake Russell in Nevada and California
    • in California
    • in Nevada
    • in Nevada
    • Lake Tecopa
    • Lake Thompson
    • in Nevada
    • in California
    • in California
    • in Nevada

Europe[]

South America[]

Asia[]

Africa[]

Oceania[]

  • Lake Carpentaria, Australia
  • Lake Bungunnia in the Murray Basin, Australia
  • in the Eromanga Basin, Australia
  • Lake Manuherikia, Central Otago, New Zealand
  • , , and , Australia, of which the modern Lake Eyre is a remnant[35]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Web animation; University of Wisconsin, Green Bay; 2001
  2. ^ Barnett, P.J. 1988. History of the northwestern arm of the Champlain Sea. Pp 25-36 in Gadd, N.R. (ed.) The Late Quaternary Development of the Champlain Sea Basin. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36. Map 5.
  3. ^ Postglacial chronology and the origin of deep lake basins in Prince Edward County, Ontario. Conference on Great Lakes Research, 1964 - International Association for Great Lakes Research; Terasmae, E Mirynech; 1964
  4. ^ "Glacial Lake Outflow via the St. Lawrence Pathway Prior to the Champlain Sea Invasion and During the Younger Dryas"; American Geophysical Union; Occhietti, S.; Anderson, T. W.; Karrow, P. F.; Lewis, M. C.; Mott, R. J.; Parent, M.; Richard, P. J.; Rodrigues, C. G.; Stea, R.; 2005; Retrieved 2009-10-15.
  5. ^ Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch; Richard Foster Flint; 2008-11; Retrieved 2009-09-26.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Glacial Lakes of Western New York; H.L. Fairchild; Bulletin of the Geological Society of America; Vol. 6, PP, 353-274, Pls. 18-23; Rochester, New York; April 12, 1895
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i The History of Lake Eire; Michael C. Hansen; Ohio Geology Newsletter; Div of Geological Survey, State of Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; 1989
  8. ^ Ernest H. Muller (1977), Late Glacial and Early Postglacial Environments in Western New York; Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 288 (1), 223–233. 1977
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Reconstruction Low Lake Levels of Lake Michigan; Timothy Fisher; University of Toledo; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program; University of Illinois; Urbana, IL; 2006
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Geological History of Glacial Lake Algonquin and the Upper Great Lakes; Curtis E. Larsen; U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 1801; United States Government Printing Office; Washington, D.C.; 1987}
  11. ^ Professional Paper 154—A, Moriaines and Shore Lines of Lake Superior Basin: Frank Leverett; United States Government Printing Office, Washington; February 9, 1929; (Pages 1-72)
  12. ^ A late Lake Minong transgression in the Lake Superior bain as documented by sediments from Fenton Lake, Ontario; Andy Breckenridge, Thomas V. Lowell, Timothy G. Fisher, Shiyong Yu; Springer Science +Business Media B.V.; 2010
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b "Post-Valders Lake Stages in the Lake Superior Basin", in Glacial and Postglacial Geologic History of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan by N. King Huber, USGS Geological Survey Professional Paper 754-A
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g http://eos.tufts.edu/varves Archived 2012-12-31 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved May 12, 2014
  15. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-002; Geological Framework Data from Long Island Sound, 1981-1990: A Digital Data Release; CERC Technical Report 81-3; Sand Resources and Geological Character of Long Island Sound; S. Jeffress Williams; 1981
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c Using The Fluvial-Lacustrine Interface In A Glaciodeltaic Deposit To Redefine The Valparaiso Moraine, Berrien County, Michigan, USA Kincare, K.A., Michigan Geological Survey Stone, B.D., and Newell, W.L., U.S. Geological Survey; 7thInternational Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology –Lincoln, Nebraska; ca 2000
  17. ^ Dunes of Northwestern Indiana; Edward Barrett; Forty First Annual Report of Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indiana; pg 11-22; Fort Wayne Printing Company; 1916
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Earth Science Field Trip, Guide Leaflet, Kankakee Area, May 18, 1957; John C. Frye; State Geological Survey; Urbana, Illinois;l 1957
  19. ^ Waters, Thomas F. (1977). The Streams and Rivers of Minnesota. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ojakangas, Richard W.; Matsch, Charles L (1982). Minnesota's Geology. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  21. ^ Dott, Robert H., Jr; John W. Attig (2004). Roadside Geology of Wisconsin. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. pp. 199-205.
  22. ^ Montagne J.L. "Quaternary System, Wisconsin Glaciation." Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region. Denver: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, 1972.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Pleistocene Glaciation and Diversion of the Missouri River in Northern Montana; William Moak, Department of Geography and Geology, University of Nebraska at Omaha; Omaha, Nebraska; ca, 1991
  24. ^ Physiography and Glacial Geology of Eastern Montana and Adjacent Areas; William C. Alden; United States Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.; 1932
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Geology of the Lewis and Clark Trail in North Dakota; The Missouri River
  26. ^ Machette, M.N., Coates, M-M., and Johnson, M.L., 2007, 2007 Rocky Mountain Section Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip—Quaternary geology of the San Luis Basin of Colorado and New Mexico, September 7–9, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1193, 197 p.
  27. ^ Smith, Derald G. (1994). "Glacial lake McConnell: Paleogeography, age, duration, and associated river deltas, mackenzie river basin, western Canada". Quaternary Science Reviews 13 (9-10).
  28. ^ Examining the progression and termination of Lake Agassiz: Michael J. Michalek; 2013
  29. ^ Lajeunesse, P.; St-Onge, G. (2007). "Reconstruction of the Last Outburst Flood of Glacial Lake Agassiz-Ojibway in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  30. ^ =http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM19FR
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b Bjornstad, Bruce (May 1, 2006). On the Trail of the Ice Age Floods: A Geological Guide to the Mid-Columbia Basin. San Point, Idaho: Keokee Books. ISBN 978-1879628274.
  32. ^ Nevada Division of State Parks: Lahontan State Recreation Area Lake Lahontan Yacht Club
  33. ^ Tim Penulis Ekspedisi Cincin Api (2012-04-12). "Mangkuk Purba Cekungan Bandung". Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2017-02-09.
  34. ^ Dam, M.A.C. (1994). "The Late Quaternary Evolution of the Bandung Basin, West Java, Indonesia". Ph.D. Thesis. Universiteit van Amsterdam. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  35. ^ Dr Vincent Kotwicki's "Floods of Lake Eyre"
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