List of pusher aircraft by configuration and date
A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines.
Puhers may be classified according to lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft) as well as engine/propeller location and drive. For historical interest, pusher aircraft are also classified by date.
Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).
Conventional and three surface layouts[]
The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.
Direct drive[]
Propeller ahead of tail[]
Between frames (Farman layout)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/P%C3%A9naud%27s_flying_models.jpg/220px-P%C3%A9naud%27s_flying_models.jpg)
1871 'Planophore;
1873 ornithopter
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/First_flight2.jpg/300px-First_flight2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/PUsher_Biplanes.jpg/220px-PUsher_Biplanes.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Voisin-Farman_I.jpg/220px-Voisin-Farman_I.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/C_K_Hamilton%27s_first_flight_at_The_Meadows_1910-03-11_detail.jpeg/220px-C_K_Hamilton%27s_first_flight_at_The_Meadows_1910-03-11_detail.jpeg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bristol_Boxkite_repro%282%29.jpg/220px-Bristol_Boxkite_repro%282%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/WrightModelB-Far08.jpg/220px-WrightModelB-Far08.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Curtiss_a-1_pusher_1911.jpg/220px-Curtiss_a-1_pusher_1911.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Curtiss_f_floatplane.jpg/220px-Curtiss_f_floatplane.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%28Amiens._Avion_biplan_Voisin_et_trois_militaires%29_-_Fonds_Berthel%C3%A9_-_49Fi194_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-%28Amiens._Avion_biplan_Voisin_et_trois_militaires%29_-_Fonds_Berthel%C3%A9_-_49Fi194_%28cropped%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Airco_D.H.2_ExCC.jpg/220px-Airco_D.H.2_ExCC.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Vickers_FB.5_Gunbus_2345_G-ATVP_Yvtn_09.07.66_edited-3.jpg/220px-Vickers_FB.5_Gunbus_2345_G-ATVP_Yvtn_09.07.66_edited-3.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_FE2b_profile.jpg/220px-Royal_Aircraft_Factory_FE2b_profile.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Grigorovi%C4%8D_M-9.jpg/220px-Grigorovi%C4%8D_M-9.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Schreck_FBA.4_Type_H_5.160_BAF_BRU_Msm_14.04.00R_edited-2.jpg/220px-Schreck_FBA.4_Type_H_5.160_BAF_BRU_Msm_14.04.00R_edited-2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Voisin_VIII_NARA_17342123.jpg/220px-Voisin_VIII_NARA_17342123.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Macchi_M.5.jpg/220px-Macchi_M.5.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Supermarine_Walrus.jpg/220px-Supermarine_Walrus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mp-1-beriev40a.jpg/220px-Mp-1-beriev40a.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Dornier_Do_18_D-ANHR_in_flight_1938.jpg/220px-Dornier_Do_18_D-ANHR_in_flight_1938.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/De_Schelde_S.21_3-view.svg/220px-De_Schelde_S.21_3-view.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Saab_J_21A-3.jpg/220px-Saab_J_21A-3.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Curtiss_XP-55_Ascender_in_flight_061024-F-1234P-007.jpg/220px-Curtiss_XP-55_Ascender_in_flight_061024-F-1234P-007.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/A_prototype_of_J7W_Shinden.jpg/220px-A_prototype_of_J7W_Shinden.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Republic_SeaBee.jpg/220px-Republic_SeaBee.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fokker_F.25_Promoter_L%27Aerophile_magazine_August%2C1947.png/220px-Fokker_F.25_Promoter_L%27Aerophile_magazine_August%2C1947.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/XB-35.jpg/220px-XB-35.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker.jpg/220px-Convair_B-36_Peacemaker.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Alaparma_AP75_Baldo.jpg/220px-Alaparma_AP75_Baldo.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/LakeLA-4-200BucaneerC-FZZN01.jpg/220px-LakeLA-4-200BucaneerC-FZZN01.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/SMFN333Rivera.jpg/220px-SMFN333Rivera.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Piaggio_P166_Albatross_ZU-NJZ_%28Ex_SAAF_898%29_%282%29_%286925889329%29.jpg/220px-Piaggio_P166_Albatross_ZU-NJZ_%28Ex_SAAF_898%29_%282%29_%286925889329%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Raab_Kr%C3%A4he_IV_Powered_Glider_D-KORL_RFrontSide_DMFO_10June2013_%2814563794606%29.jpg/220px-Raab_Kr%C3%A4he_IV_Powered_Glider_D-KORL_RFrontSide_DMFO_10June2013_%2814563794606%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cessna_337_%288735367365%29.jpg/220px-Cessna_337_%288735367365%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Lesher_Teal.jpg/220px-Lesher_Teal.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flug_mit_Bede5.jpg/220px-Flug_mit_Bede5.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lockspeiser_LDA-1.jpg/220px-Lockspeiser_LDA-1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rutan.variEze.g-veze.arp.jpg/220px-Rutan.variEze.g-veze.arp.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cascade_Kasperwing_I-80.jpg/220px-Cascade_Kasperwing_I-80.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rutan.long-EZ.g-wily.arp.jpg/220px-Rutan.long-EZ.g-wily.arp.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PZL_M-17_pas.png/220px-PZL_M-17_pas.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/SbY0U.jpg/220px-SbY0U.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Edgley_Optica_Sywell_1.jpg/220px-Edgley_Optica_Sywell_1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/QuadCityChallengerIIC-IBUY08.jpg/220px-QuadCityChallengerIIC-IBUY08.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Grinvald_G.801_Orion_AN0244826.jpg/220px-Grinvald_G.801_Orion_AN0244826.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/LearFan.jpg/220px-LearFan.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sadler_Vampire_ultralight_aircraft.jpg/220px-Sadler_Vampire_ultralight_aircraft.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Beechcraft_Starship_fly-by.jpg/220px-Beechcraft_Starship_fly-by.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Spectrum_SA-550.jpg/220px-Spectrum_SA-550.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Dornier_Seastar_D-ICKS.jpg/220px-Dornier_Seastar_D-ICKS.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RTAF-5_%287880743608%29.jpg/220px-RTAF-5_%287880743608%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Prescott_Pusher.jpg/220px-Prescott_Pusher.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Piaggio_P_180_Avanti_2004_by-RaBoe.jpg/220px-Piaggio_P_180_Avanti_2004_by-RaBoe.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sunny_Myx.jpg/220px-Sunny_Myx.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Miller-Bohannan_JM-2_Special_N189BB.jpg/220px-Miller-Bohannan_JM-2_Special_N189BB.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Seabird_SB7L-360A_Seeker_2_Bundaberg_Vabre.jpg/220px-Seabird_SB7L-360A_Seeker_2_Bundaberg_Vabre.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Rans_S12_%28D-MQQQ%29_04.jpg/220px-Rans_S12_%28D-MQQQ%29_04.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Embraer-FMA_CBA-123_Vector_%28IA-70_Parana%29_%28PT-ZVE%29.jpg/220px-Embraer-FMA_CBA-123_Vector_%28IA-70_Parana%29_%28PT-ZVE%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/SPERWER_B_P1220856.jpg/220px-SPERWER_B_P1220856.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aeropract_A-20_AN2289022.jpg/220px-Aeropract_A-20_AN2289022.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Triplane_%22Molniya%22._%2810221510626%29.jpg/220px-Triplane_%22Molniya%22._%2810221510626%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Aerocat-2000.jpg/220px-Aerocat-2000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MQ-9_Reaper_in_flight_2.jpg/220px-MQ-9_Reaper_in_flight_2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/HAL_Saras.jpg/220px-HAL_Saras.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Aeroprakt_A-36_AN1421645.jpg/220px-Aeroprakt_A-36_AN1421645.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/AHRLAC_Take-off.jpg/220px-AHRLAC_Take-off.jpg)
- Voisin-Farman I 1907, 60 built
- AEA June Bug 1908 experimental, 1 built
- Cody British Army Aeroplane No 1 1908, 1 built
- AEA Silver Dart 1909, first flight in Canada, 1 built
- Curtiss No. 1 1909 Golden Flyer biplane, 1 built
- Curtiss No. 2 1909 Reims racer biplane, 1 built
- Cody Michelin Cup Biplane 1910, 1 built
- Bristol Boxkite 1910 trainer, 78 built
- Howard Wright 1910 Biplane 1910, 7 built
- Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.1 1910 biplane, 1 built
- Wright Model B 1910 biplane 2 seater, about 100 built
- Cody Circuit of Britain biplane 1911, 1 built
- Curtiss Model D 1911 biplane, 1 seat
- Curtiss Model E 1911 biplane floatplane, 17+ built
- Baldwin Red Devil 1911 aerobatic biplane, 6 built
- Farman MF.7 1911 biplane, unk no. built
- Cody V biplane 1912, 2 built
- Cody VI biplane/floatplane 1913, 1 built
- Short S.38 1912, 48 built
- Farman HF.20 1913 military biplane, unk no. built
- Farman MF.11 1913 biplane, unk no. built
- Grahame-White Type X Charabanc 1913 transport, 1 built
- Short S.80 Nile Pusher Biplane Seaplane 1913, 1 built
- Grahame-White Type XV 1913 trainer, 135 built
- Sopwith Bat Boat 1913, 6 built
Between frames or booms (1915 and later)[]
- Breguet Bre.4 1914 2 seat military biplane, about 100 built
- Grahame-White Type XI 1914 reconnaissance biplane, 1 built
- Short S.81 1914, 1 built
- Sopwith Gunbus 1914, 35 built (including floatplanes)
- Vickers F.B.5 1914, 224 built
- Voisin III 1914 bomber, about 3200 built[1]
- Wight Pusher Seaplane 1914, 11 built
- Breguet Bre.5 1915 2 seat military biplane, unk no. built
- AD Scout 1915 interceptor, 4 built
- AGO C.II 1915 reconnaissance biplane, 15 built
- Airco DH.1 1915 biplane, 2 seat, 100 built,
- Airco DH.2 1915 biplane fighter, 453 built
- Avro 508 1915, 1 built
- Farman F.30 1915 military biplane, unk no. built
- Farman F.40 1915 military biplane, unk no. built
- Otto C.I 1915 reconnaissance biplane, unk no. built
- Pemberton-Billing P.B.25 1915 scout, 20 built
- Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 1915 military biplane, 1939 built
- Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.8 1915 biplane fighter, 295 built
- Voisin IV
- Voisin V 1915 bomber, about 350 built
- Breguet Bre.12 1916 2 seat military biplane, unk no. built
- Friedrichshafen FF.34 1916 patrol seaplane, 1 built
- Häfeli DH-1 1916 reconnaissance biplane, 6 built
- Vickers F.B.12 1916 fighter, about 22 built
- Voisin VII 1916 reconnaissance biplane, about 100 built
- Voisin VIII 1916 bomber, about 1,100 built
- Blackburn Triplane 1917 fighter, 1 built
- Curtiss Autoplane 1917 (hops only) roadable aircraft, 1 built
- Port Victoria P.V.4 1917 floatplane, 1 built.
- Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.9 1917 2 seat fighter, 3 built
- Royal Aircraft Factory N.E.1 1917 night fighter, 6 built
- Savoia-Pomilio SP.3 1917 reconnaissance biplane about 350 built
- Vickers F.B.26 Vampire 1917, 4 built
- Voisin IX 1917 reconnaissance biplane, 1 built
- Voisin X 1917 bomber, about 900 built
- Vickers VIM 1920, 35 built
Between booms[]
- Henderson H.S.F.1 1929 transport, 1 built[2]
- Hanriot H.110 1933 fighter, 1 built
- Stearman-Hammond Y-1 1934 safety airplane about 20 built
- de Schelde Scheldemusch 1935 1 seat biplane trainer, 6 built
- ITS-8 1936 motorglider monoplace, 2 built
- SCAL FB.30 Avion Bassou 1936 2 seat light aircraft, 2 built
- Abrams P-1 Explorer 1937, 1 built
- SAIMAN LB.2 1937 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
- Alliet-Larivière Allar 4, 1938 experimental 2 seat, 1 built [3]
- General Aircraft GAL.33 Cagnet 1939 trainer, 1 built
- WNF Wn 16 1939, Austrian experimental aircraft
- General Aircraft GAL.47 1940 observation, 1 built
- de Schelde S.21 1940 fighter mockup (unflown)[3]
- Fane F.1/40 1941 observation monoplane, 1 built
- Saab 21 1943 fighter, 298 built
- Vultee XP-54 1943 fighter, 2 built
- Skoda-Kauba V6 1944 1 seat, 1 built[4]
1945 and later
- Convair 106 Skycoach 1946 4 seater, one built
- Fokker F.25 1946 4 seater, 20 built
- SECAN Courlis 1946 transport, unk no. built
- Anderson Greenwood AG-14 1947 2 seat experimental, 6 built [5]
- Heston JC.6/AOP 1947 2 seat reconnaissance, 2 built
- Alaparma Baldo 1949 1 seat, about 35 built
- SNCASO SO.8000 Narval 1949 naval fighter, 2 built
- Anderson Greenwood AG-14 1950 2 seats, 6 built
- SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera 1952 amphibie 4 seater, 29 built
- Potez 75 1953 reconnaissance, 1 built
- SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera 1962 4 seat amphibian, 29 built
- Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-26 Moseppl 1970 1 seat powered sailplane, unk no. built
- Cessna XMC 1971 research aircraft, 1 built
- Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-28 Avispa 1972 2 seat transport, 1 built
- 1973 Motor glider, 2 built
- 1973 Utility Prototype
- PZL M-17 1973 Trainer Prototype
- Edgley Optica 1979 ducted fan observation aircraft 21 built
1980 and later
- ADI Condor 1981 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built
- 1982 homebuilt, 1 built [6]
- Applebay Zia 1982 1 seat ultralight motorglider, 4 built
- Sadler Vampire 1982 Ultralight
- Spectrum SA-550 1983 Utility prototype, 2 built
- RTAF-5 1984 Trainer prototype
- 1984 Experimental 2 seater [7]
- NPO Molniya 1993 transport 6 seater, 2 built
- Yakovlev Yak-58 1993 Utility, 7 built
- 1996 1 seat ultralight motorglider[8]
- NPP Aerorik Dingo 1997 multi-role amphibian (air cushion), 6 built[9]
- Toucan PJ-1B 1998 experimental 1 seat, one built[10]
- Creative Flight Aerocat 2001 Transport Prototype
- Airsport Song 2009 ultralight
- Northrop Grumman Firebird 2010 Reconnaissance Prototype
- Ion Aircraft Ion 2007 prototype 2 seater tandem, 1 built
- Terrafugia Transition 2009 roadable airplane 2 seater, 2 built
- WLT Sparrow 2010 Ultralight, 13 built
- Synergy Aircraft Synergy 2011 Double boxtail demonstrator electric powered 1/4 scale model, in development
- AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac 2014 reconnaissance attack, 1 built
- Commuter Craft Innovator 2016 prototype 2 seater, 1 built [11] [12]
- ISA 180 Seeker 2019 prototype monoplace [13]
Between booms / UAV's[]
- IAI Scout 1977 UAV drone
- AAI RQ-2 Pioneer1986 UAV drone
- EADS Harfang 2008 UAV drone
Between outboard tail booms[]
- 1944 fighter project [14]
- Skoda-Kauba SK SL6 1944 research one seat project
Coaxially in rear fuselage[]
- Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.3/A.E.1 1913 armoured biplane, 1 built
- Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.6, 1914, 1 built
- Gallaudet D-4 1918 seaplane, 2 built
- Vickers Type 161 1931 fighter prototype (with structural frame), 1 built
- Austria Krähe 1960 1 seat motorglider, unk no. built
- Brditschka HB-3 1971 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built
- Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 27 built
- 1969, 2 seats[15]
- RFB/Grumman American Fanliner 1973, 2 seats, 2 built
- RFB Fantrainer 1977, 2 seats, 47 built
- Buselec 2, 2010 project, with electric motor[16]
Nacelle above fuselage[]
WW1 or Before
- Curtiss Model F 1912 flying boat, 150+ built
- Benoist XIV 1913 transport flying boat, 2 built
- FBA Type A, B, C 1913 patrol flying boat, unk no. built
- Lohner E 1913, about 40 built
- Donnet-Denhaut flying boat 1915 patrol flying boat, about 1,085 built
- FBA Type H 1915 patrol flying boat, ~2000 built
- Grigorovich M-5 1915 patrol flying boat, about 300 built
- Lohner L, R and S 1915, 100+ built
- AD Flying Boat, Supermarine Channel & Sea Eagle 1916 patrol and airline flying boat, 27 built.
- Grigorovich M-9 1916 patrol flying boat, about 500 built
- Grigorovich M-11 1916 fighter flying boat, about 60 built
- Hansa-Brandenburg CC 1916 flying boat fighter, 73 built
- Macchi L.2 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 17 built
- Macchi M.3 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 200 built
- Norman Thompson N.T.4 1916 patrol flying boat, 72 built
- Oeffag-Mickl G 1916 trimotor patrol flying boat, 12 built
- Curtiss HS 1917 patrol flying boat, about 1,178 built
- Grigorovich M-15 1917 patrol flying boat, unk no. built
- Macchi M.5 1917, flying boat fighter, 244 built
- Norman Thompson N.T.2B 1917 flying boat trainer, 100+ built
- Tellier T.3 and Tc.6 1917 patrol flying boat, about 155 built
- Hansa-Brandenburg W.20 1918 U-boat flying boat, 3 built
- Macchi M.7 1918 flying boat fighter, 100+ built
- Macchi M.9 1918 flying boat bomber, 30 built
- Macchi M.12 1918 flying boat bomber, about 10 built
- Royal Aircraft Factory C.E.1 1918 flying boat, 2 built
- SIAI S.9 1918 flying boat, unk no. built
- SIAI S.12 1918 flying boat, 1 built
- Sperry Land and Sea Triplane 1918 patrol flying boat, 2 built
- Supermarine Baby 1918 flying boat fighter, 1 built
1920s
- Aeromarine 40 1919 flying boat trainer, 50 built
- Aeromarine 50 1919 transport flying boat, unk no. built
- Boeing B-1 1919 transport flying boat, 1 built
- SIAI S.13 1919 reconnaissance flying boat, unk no. built
- SIAI S.16 1919 flying boat, 100+ built
- Supermarine Sea Lion I & II 1919 racing flying boats, 2 built
- Vickers Viking, Vulture and Vanellus 1919 amphibious flying boats, 34 built.
- 1919 navy flying boat, 1 built
- Macchi M.18 1920 flying boat, 90+ built
- Supermarine Commercial Amphibian 1920, 1 built
- Supermarine Scarab 1923, 12 built
- Supermarine Seal 1921, 4+ built
- Supermarine Seagull 1921, 34 built
- CAMS 30 1922 flying boat trainer, 31 built
- CAMS 31 1922 flying boat fighter, 2 built
- Fokker B.I & III 1922 biplane reconnaissance flying boat, 2 built
- SIAI S.51 1922 racing flying boat, 1 built
- CAMS 38 1923 racing flying boat, 1 built
- FBA 17 1923 flying boat trainer, 300+ built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.57 1923 reconnaissance flying boat, 20 built
- Supermarine Sea Eagle 1923, 3 built
- Canadian Vickers Vedette 1924 forestry patrol flying boat, 60 built
- CANT 7 1924 flying boat trainer, 34 built
- Ikarus ŠM 1924 flying boat trainer, 42 built
- Macchi M.26 1924 flying boat fighter, 2 built
- CANT 10 1925 flying boat airliner, 18 built
- Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe 1925 flying boat, 3 built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.59 1925 reconnaissance flying boat, 240+ built
- CAMS 37 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 332 built
- CAMS 46 1926 flying boat trainer, unk. no built
- CANT 18 1926 flying boat trainer, 29 built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.62 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 175+ built
- CANT 25 1927 flying boat fighter, unk no. built
- Canadian Vickers Vista 1927 1 seat monoplane flying boat, 1 built
- Boeing Model 204 Thunderbird 1929 flying boat, 7 built
- Macchi M.41 1927 flying boat fighter, 42 built
- Supermarine Sheldrake 1927, 1 built
- Fokker F.11/B.IV 1928 monoplane transport flying boat, 7 built
- Rohrbach Ro X Romar 1928 flying boat, 3 built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.64 1928 distance record monoplane, 2 built
1930s
- FBA 310 1930 amphibious flying boat transport, 9 built
- SIAI S.67 1930 flying boat fighter, 3 built
- FBA 290 1931, amphibious flying boat trainer, 10 built
- Fizir AF-2 1931 amphibious flying boat trainer, 1 built
- Amiot 110-S 1931 patrol flying boat, 2 built
- Loening XSL 1931 submarine airplane, 1 built
- Beriev MBR-2 1931 flying boat, 1365 built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.66 1931 airliner flying boat, 24 built
- Tupolev MDR-2 1931 flying boat, 1 built
- Aichi AB-4 1932 flying boat, 6 built
- Boeing-Canada A-213 Totem 1932 flying boat, 1 built[17]
- Dornier Do 12 1932 amphibian, 4 seats, 1 built
- Savoia-Marchetti SM.78 1932 patrol flying boat, 49 built
- General Aviation PJ 1933 monoplane flying boat, 5 built
- Loire 50 1933 training amphibian, 7 built
- Savoia-Marchetti SM.80bis 1933 transport amphibian, 1+ built
- Supermarine Seagull/Walrus 1933 military flying boat, 740 built
- Aichi E10A 1934 reconnaissance flying boat, 15 built
- Loire 130 1934 reconnaissance flying boat, 125 built
- Beriev MBR-2 1935 flying boat, 1365 built
- Curtiss-Wright CA-1 1935 amphibious flying boat, 3 built
- Dornier Do 18 1935 monoplane flying boat, 170 built
- Aichi E11A 1937 reconnaissance flying boat, 17 built
- Kawanishi E11K 1937 monoplane flying boat, 2 built
- SNCAO 30 1938 flying boat trainer, 2 built
- Nikol A-2 1939 amphibious flying boat trainer, 1 built
Post War II
- SCAN 20 1945 flying boat trainer, 24 built
- 1947 2 seat light aircraft, unk no. built
- Volmer VJ-22 Sportsman 1958 2 seat homebuilt amphibian, (not all are pushers), 100+ built
- Lake Buccaneer 1959 amphibian, 4 seats, 1000+ built
- Aerosport Woody Pusher 1967 tandem 2 seater, parasol wing, 27 ex.
- Taylor Coot 1969 2 seat homebuilt amphibian, 70 built
- Aerosport Rail 1970 single seat ultralight, twin engine, 1 built
- Osprey Osprey 2 1973 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built
- 3I Sky Arrow (now marketed by Magnaghi Aeronautica) 1982 maiden flight,[18] ULM/LSA/GA tandem two-seater high wing, some 50 built
- RFB X-114 1977 ground-effect craft prototype 6/7 seat, 1 built
- Freedom Master FM-2 flying boat homebuilt prototype 2 seat, 1 built
- 3I Sky Arrow (Magnaghi Aeronautica) 1982,[19] ULM/LSA/GA 2 seater tandem, about 50 built
- Tisserand Hydroplum and SMAN Pétrel 1983 homebuilt amphibian, about 63 built
- Microleve Corsario 1988 ultralight amphibious homebuilt, unk no. built
- Creative Flight Aerocat 2001 amphibious 4 seater prototype, 1 built
- Airmax Sea Max 2005 2 seat biplane amphibian, unk no. built
- CZAW Mermaid 2005 2 seat amphibious biplane, unk no. built
Below tail boom[]
- Nelson Dragonfly 1947 motorglider, 7 built
- AmEagle American Eaglet 1975 ultralight motorglider, 12 built
- Jean St-Germain Raz-Mut 1976 1 seat ultralight, 7 built
- Alpaero Sirius 1984 1 seat UL motorglider, 20 built
- , unk no. built
Between up and down tail booms[]
- Raab Krähe 1958 motorglider 1 seat, 30 built
- Brditschka HB-3, HB-21, HB-23 1971- 1982 motorgliders 2 seater[note 1]
- HB-204 TornadoHB Flugtechnik 2013 prototype 2 seater[note 2]
Above tailboom[]
- Loening Model 23 Air Yacht 1921 transport flying boat, 16 built
- Koolhoven F.K.30 Toerist 1927 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
- Curtiss-Wright Junior 1930 2 seat ultralight, 270 built
- Curtiss-Wright CW-3 Duckling 1931 ultralight amphibious flying boat, 3 built
- British Aircraft Company Drone 1932 1 seat ultralight, 33 built
- Siebel Si 201 1938 reconnaissance 2 built
- Republic RC-3 Seabee 1945 4 seat amphibian, 1,060 built
- Fokker F.25 Promotor 1946 transport, 20 built
- 1949 roadable aircraft, 1 built
- Janowski Don Kichot/J-1 1970 1 seat homebuilt, unk no. built[20]
- Spencer Air Car 1970 4 seat homebuilt amphibian, 51 built
- SZD-45 Ogar 1973 2 seat motorglider, 65 built
- Neukom AN-20 1978 motorglider experimental 1 seat
- Taylor Bird 1980 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built[21]
- Strojnik S-2 1980 motorglider 1 seater, 8+ built.
- Aérostructure Lutin 80 1983 1 seat ultralight motorglider, 2 built[22]
- Birdman Chinook 1982 ultralight homebuilt, 1100+ built
- Alpha J-5 Marco 1983 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built[20]
- Quad City Challenger 1983 2 seat ultralight, 3,000+ built
- Spectrum Beaver 1983 ultralight homebuilt, 2080+ built
- 1985 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built[23]
- Advanced Aeromarine Buccaneer 1988 2 seat amphibious biplane, unk no. built
- D-8 Moby Dick 1988 2 seater, 37 built
- Seabird Seeker 1989 observation aircraft 2 seater, 31 built
- Technoflug Piccolo 1989 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built[24]
- 1990 2 seater, 1100+ built
- Aeroprakt A-20 Vista 1991 2 seater [25]
- Engeneering Albatros 1991 UL biplace [26]
- Partenair Mystere 1996 2 seater, 3 built
- AAC SeaStar 1998 2 seat amphibious biplane, 91 built
- Alpaero Exel 1998 motoplaneur monoplace en kit, 9 ex.
- Sea Storm Z2, 1998 hydravion biplace, 12 built
- AAC SeaStar 2002 amphibious 2 seater, 91 built
- Ekolot JK 01A Elf 2006 motorglider monoplace
- Bagalini Bagaliante circa 2010 motorglider 1 seat
- ICON Aircraft A5 2013 2 seat amphibious light sport, in production
- Vickers Aircraft Wave 2 seat carbon fiber amphibious light sport aircraft, in final development
Propeller behind the tail[]
- Pénaud Planophore 1871 first aerodynamically stable fixed-wing aeroplane, rubber powered model, 1 built
- Convair 111 Air Car 1945 roadable airplane, 1 built
- Prescott Pusher 1985 4 seat homebuilt, about 30 built
- 1992 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built[27]
- Eviation Alice 2019 transport electric plane prototype in development 10/11 seats [28][29]
Lateral behind wing[]
- Curtiss H-1 America 1914 transatlantic biplane, 2 built
- Friedrichshafen G.I 1915 bomber, 1 built
- LFG Roland G.I 1915 bomber, 1 built
- Rumpler G.I, II and III 1915 bomber c.220 built
- Schutte-Lanz G.I 1915 bomber 1 built (behind wing)
- Airco DH.3 1916 bomber, 2 built
- Avro 523 Pike 1916 bomber, 2 built
- Friedrichshafen G.II 1916 bomber, 35 built
- Gotha G.II 1916 bomber, 11 built
- Gotha G.III 1916 bomber, 25 built
- Gotha G.IV 1916 bomber, 230 built
- Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.4 1916 bomber, 2 built
- Friedrichshafen G.III 1917 bomber, 338 built
- Gotha G.V 1917 bomber, 205 built
- Boeing GA-1 1920 bomber 10 built
- Udet U 11 Kondor 1926 airliner, 1 built
1930 and later
- Praga E-210 and E-211 1936 transport, 2 built[30]
- Bell YFM-1 Airacuda 1937 interceptor, 13 built
- Convair B-36 Peacemaker 1946 bomber, 384 built
- Baumann Brigadier 1947 transport, 2 built
- Nord 2100 Norazur 1947 transport, 1 built
- 1948 airliner, 1 built
- Piaggio P.136 1948 amphibious transport, 63 built
- Querandi 1957 5/6 seater, 2 built
- Piaggio P.166 1957 transport, 145 built
- AAC Angel, 1984 transport, 4 built
- Piaggio P.180 Avanti 1986 executive transport, 216+ built
- Mc Donnel Douglas MD-80 1987 Liner experimental Propfan
- EM-11 Orka 2003 4 seat transport, 5 built
- Burevestnik-24 2004 ground-effect aircraft 24 seats, 6 built
- OMA SUD Skycar 2007 transport, 1 built
- Aeroprakt A-36 Vulcan 2011 2 seater
Lateral nacelles[]
- Custer Channel Wing 1942 experimental aircraft, 4 built
- Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector 1990 airliner, 2 built[31]
- NAL Saras 2004 airliner, 2 built
Remote drive[]
Propeller ahead of tail[]
Within airframe[]
- 1913 2 seat, 1 built[32]
- 1954 1 seat motorglider, 1 built[33]
- Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 RFB Fantrainer prototype, 27 built[34]
- Kuffner WK-1 1970 motorglider 1 seat, 1 built[35]
- 1972 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built[15]
- C 1983 1 seat ultralight homebuilt motorglider, 1 built
- PJ-II Dreamer 2016 jet fighter style 2 seater, 1 built [36]
Behind wing[]
- 1913 patrol floatplane, 1 built
- Mann & Grimmer M.1 1915, 1 built
- Carden-Baynes Bee 1937 2 seat tourer, 1 built
- Raab Krähe 1958 1 seat motorglider, 30 built
- Eipper Quicksilver 1974 1 seat ultralight
- Theseus Aircraft 1996 NASA research aircraft, no pilot, 1 built
Inside tail[]
- Bede XBD-2/BD-3 1961 ducted fan boundary layer control aircraft, 1 built [37]
- Mississippi State University XAZ-1 Marvelette 1962 experimental aircraft to test ideas XV-11 Marvel, 1 built
- Mississippi State University XV-11 Marvel 1965 boundary layer control test aircraft, 1 built
Behind tail[]
- Antoinette I, 1906, 2 seats experimental, project[38]
- Paulhan-Tatin Aéro-Torpille No.1 1911 monoplane, 1 built [39]
- 1917 experimental biplane, 1 built[40][41][42]
- Göppingen Gö 9 1941 experimental propulsion aircraft, 1 built
- Dornier Do 212 1942 experimental amphibian, 1 built[43]
- Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster 1944, bomber, 2 built
- Douglas DC-8 (piston airliner) 1945, transport project, not built
- Lockheed Big Dipper 1945 transport, 1 built [44]
- Douglas Cloudster II 1947 transport, 1 built
- Waco Aristocraft 1947 transport, 1 built
- Acme Sierra 1948 1 seat experimental, 1 built
- Allenbaugh Grey Ghost, 1948 1 seat experimental, 1 built[45]
- Parks Alumni Racer, 1949 1 seat experimental, 1 built [46]
- Planet Satellite 1949 4 seat transport, 1 built
- Taylor Aerocar 1949 2 seat roadable aircraft, 6 built
- SR-57 1958 experimental 2 seater, 90 hp, 1 built [47]
1960 and later
- HMPAC Puffin 1961 human powered aircraft, 2 built
- Lesher Nomad 1961 experimental 2 seater homebuilt, one built
- Aerocar Aero-Plane 1964 four seater 1 built
- Lesher Teal 1965 experimental 1 seat homebuilt, one built
- HPA Toucan 1972 human powered aircraft, 1 built[48]
- Ryson STP-1 Swallow 1972 2 seat homebuilt motorglider, 1 built
- Bede BD-5 1973 1 seat homebuilt, about 150 built
- Aerocar Mini-IMP 1974 1 seat homebuilt, 250+ built[49]
- AmEagle American Eaglet 1975 1 seat self-launching ultralight sailplane, 12 built
- Landray GL.02 1978 tandem layout (Pou du Ciel) 1 seat, 1 built
- Grinvalds Orion 1981 4 seat homebuilt, about 17 built
- LearAvia Lear Fan 1981 transport, 3 built[50]
- Cirrus VK-30 1988 5 seat homebuilt, about 13 built
- Miller JM-2 and Pushy Galore 1989 racer, 3 built[51]
- 1990 solar aircraft 1 seater, 1 ex.
- Grob GF 200 1991 transport, 1 built
- Myasishchev Mayal 1992 multi-purpose amphibian, 1 built[52] [53]
- NASA Perseus 1994 research aircraft, 1 built
- 1997 homebuilt racer, 1 built[54]
- Ameur Aviation Balbuzard/Baljims/Altania 1995 2 seater prototypes, 5 built
- Bede BD-12 1998 2 seat homebuilt, 1 built
- Aceair AERIKS 200 2002 2 seat kitplane, 1 built
- Chudzik CC-02 Rafale 2007 prototype three surface 2 seater tandem, 1ex.[55]
- LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse 2007 2 seat homebuilt, 3 built
Propeller above fuselage or wing[]
- Schleicher ASH 26 1995 1 seat glider with retractable propeller, 234 built
- Airfish-3 WIG 1990 Wing In Ground Effect demonstrator one seat, 1 built
- Airfish-8 WIG 2007 Wing In Ground Effect transport prototype 8/10 seats, 2 built
Canard and tandem layouts[]
A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.
Direct drive[]
- Santos-Dumont 14-bis 1906 first public controlled sustained flight, 1 built
- Fabre Hydravion 1910, first successful floatplane, 1 built
- Paulhan biplane 1910, 3 built
- Voisin Canard 1911 biplane, 10+ built
- 1931 experimental, 1 built
- & 3 1935 experimental aircraft, 2 built[note 3]
- Ambrosini SS.4 1939 prototype fighter, 1 built
- Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender 1943 prototype fighter, 3 built
- Miles M.35 Libellula 1942, experimental tandem wing carrier-based fighter, 1 built
- Miles M.39B Libellula 1943, experimental (5/8 scale) tandem wing carrier-based bomber, 1 built
- Skoda-Kauba V7 1944 1 seat, project[56]
1945 and later In this section Rutan pushers are more than 1000 built.
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-8 Utka 1945 swept wing demonstrator prototype, 1 built
- Lockspeiser LDA-01 1971 experimental scale development aircraft, 1 built
- Rutan VariViggen 1972 homebuilt, about 20 built
- Rutan VariEze 1975 2 seat homebuilt, about 400 built
- Rutan Long-EZ 1979 2 seat homebuilt, about 800 built
- 1981 amphibian UL 1 seat
- OMAC Laser 300 1981, transport, 3 built
- Cozy III 1982 3 seater amateur built
- Avtek 400 1984 transport, 1 built
- Cozy Mk IV 1988 four seater amateur built, ~ 350 built
- Beechcraft Starship 1989 airliner, 53 built
- Berkut 360 1988 2 seater tandem, 31 built
- AASI Jetcruzer 1989 transport, 3 built
- Velocity SE 1995 4 seater, ~ 268 built
- Steve Wright Stagger-Ez 2003 modified Cozy homebuilt, 1 built
- RMT Bateleur 115 T 2007 2 seater [57]
- E-Go Aeroplanes e-Go 2013 ultralight and light-sport aircraft, 1 built
- 2015 prototype 4 seater, 1 built
Remote engine mounting[]
- Langley Aerodrome Number 5 1896 experimental model[48]
- Wright Flyer 1903 experimental airplane, first recognized powered, sustained flight, 1 built
- Wright Model A 1906 biplane, about 60 built
- Deperdussin-de Feure model 2, 1910, experimental, 1 built [58]
- De Bruyere C1 1917 fighter prototype 1 seater, 1 ex. [59]
- Kyūshū J7W, prototype fighter, 1 seat, 2130 hp, 1945, 2 built
- AeroVironment Gossamer Condor 1977 human powered aircraft won Kremer prize, 1 built
- AeroVironment Gossamer Albatross 1979 human powered aircraft, 2 built
- Dickey E-Racer 1986 homebuilt, unk no. built[60][61]
- British Aerospace P.1233-1 Saba 1988 anti-helicopter and close air support attack aircraft, project[62]
Joined wings[]
A tandem (or three-surface) configuration whose wingtips are joined is a Closed wing.
- c. 1932, experimental joined wing, 1 built[63]
- 1985 1 seat homebuilt, 2 built[64]
- Airkraft Sunny 1989 2 seater, 250 built
Tailless aircraft, Flying wings[]
Tailless aircraft[]
Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer.
- Dunne D.4 1908, 1 built
- Dunne D.5 1910, 1 built
- Dunne D.6 & D.7 1911 monoplane, 2 built
- Dunne D.8 1912, 5 built
- Westland-Hill Pterodactyl series 1928, several built
- 1931, experimental tailless monoplane, 1 built[65]
- Waterman Whatsit 1932 roadable aircraft, 1 built
- Waterman Arrowplane 1935 roadable aircraft, 1 built
- Waterman Arrowbile 1937 roadable aircraft, 5 built
- Kayaba Ku-4 1941 (not flown) research aircraft, 1 built
- Handley Page Manx 1943 experimental tailless aircraft, 1 built
- Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet 1943 tailless fighter, 2 built
- Sud-Est SE-2100, prototype tourer, 2 seats, 140 hp, 1945 [66]
- M.L. Aviation Utility 1953 inflatable wing, 4 built
- DINFIA IA 38 1960 transport, 1 built
- Fauvel AV.45 1960 1 seat motor glider, unk no. built
- 1974 2 seat roadable aircraft, 1 built[67][68]
- Cascade Kasperwing I-80 1976 UL 1 seater
- Pterodactyl Ascender 1979 1 seat ultralight, 1396 built
- 1980 1 seat ultralight
- Facet Opal, 1988, 1 seat, experimental flying wing, 1 built [69]
- Wingco Atlantica 2002 Blended wing-body demonstrator 5 seats, 1 built [70]
- Aériane Swift Light PAS 2007 monoplace
- Horten Aircraft HX-2 2019 2 seat prototype[71]
Tailless, fabric wing, no fuselage[]
- Ultralight trike or Flexwing
- Paramotor or Powered paraglider
- Powered parachute
Flying wings[]
Flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.
- 1938 powered testbed, 3 built[72]
- Northrop N-1M 1940 experimental flying wing, 1 built
- Northrop N-9M 1942 experimental flying wing, 4 built
- Horten H.VII 1944 2 seat prototype
- Northrop B-35 1946 bomber, 4 built
- Davis Flying Wing 1987 [73] [74]
- Horten PUL-10 1992 2 seater [75]
Push-pull aircraft[]
Sides of fuselage[]
- Zeppelin-Staaken R.V 1917 bomber, 3 built
- Bristol Braemar 1918 bomber, 2 built
- Handley Page V/1500 1918 bomber, 63 built
- Farman F.121 Jabiru 1923 airliner, 9 built
- Dornier Do K 1929 airliner, 3 built
- Fokker F.32 1929 airliner, 7 built
- Farman F.220 1932 airliner and bomber, about 80 built
Above fuselage[]
- Felixstowe Porte Baby 1915 patrol flying boat, 11 built
- Curtiss NC 1918 patrol flying boat, 10 built
- Johns Multiplane 1919 bomber, 1 built
- Bristol Pullman 1920 airliner, 1 built
- Naval Aircraft Factory TF 1920 fighter flying boat, 4 built
- SIAI S.22 1921 racing flying boat, 1 built
- Dornier Wal 1922 flying boat, about 300 built
- CAMS 33 1923 patrol flying boat, 21 built
- Macchi M.24 1924 flying boat, unk. no built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.55 1924 flying boat, 243+ built
- Boeing XPB 1925 patrol flying boat, 1 built
- Caproni Ca.73 1925 bomber unk. no. built
- NVI F.K.33 1925 airliner, 1 built
- CAMS 51 1926 flying boat, 3 built
- Dornier Do R Superwal 1926 airliner flying boat, 19 built
- Kawasaki Ka 87 1926 bomber, 28 built
- Latécoère 21 1926 airliner flying boat, 7 built
- Latécoère 23 1927 transport flying boat, 1 built
- Latécoère 24 1927 mailplane flying boat, 1 built
- Farman F.180 1927 airliner, 3 built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.63 1927 flying boat, 1 built[76]
- CAMS 53 1928 transport flying boat, 30 built
- CAMS 55 1928 patrol flying boat, 112 built
- Latécoère 32 1928 mailplane flying boat, 8 built
- Latham 47 1928 patrol flying boat, 16 built
- Dornier X 1929 airliner flying boat, 3 built
- Comte AC-3 1930 bomber, 1 built
- Dornier Do P 1930 bomber, 1 built
- Dornier Do S 1930 flying boat, 1 built[77]
- Hinkler Ibis 1930 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
- Latécoère 340 1930 airliner flying boat, 1 built
- Latécoère 380 1930 flying boat, 5 built
- Blériot 125 1931 airliner, 1 built
- Bratu 220 1932 airliner, 1 built
- Latécoère 500 1932 transport flying boat, 2 built
- Caproni Ca.90 1929 bomber, 1 built
- Sikorsky XP2S 1932 patrol flying boat, 1 built[78]
- CAMS 58 1933 airliner flying boat, 4 built
- Lioré et Olivier LeO H-27 1933 mailplane flying boat 1 built
- Loire 70 1933 patrol flying boat, 8 built
- Tupolev ANT-16 1933 bomber 1 built
- Tupolev ANT-20 1934 transport, 2 built
- Tupolev MTB-1 1934 patrol flying boat, 25 built
- Dornier Do 18 1935 patrol flying boat, 170 built
- Bartini DAR 1936 patrol flying boat, 1 built
- Chyetverikov ARK-3 1936 flying boat, 7 built
- Dornier Do 26 1939 push-pull flying boat, 6 built
- Dornier Seastar 1984 push-pull amphibious 12 seats, 2 built
Extremities[]
- Caproni Ca.60 1921 airliner flying boat, 1 built
- Dornier Do 335 1943 push-pull fighter, 38 built
- Moynet Jupiter 1963 push-pull transport, 2 built
- Aero Design DG-1 1977 push-pull racer, 1 built
- Rutan Defiant 1978 transport, 19+ built
- Rutan Voyager 1984 endurance record aircraft, 1 built[note 4]*
- 1994 push-pull transport,[79]
- Aeronix Airelle 2002 tandem wing 2 seater, 5 built
On nose and between booms[]
- Siemens-Schuckert DDr.I 1917 fighter, 1 built
- Thomas-Morse MB-4 1920 mailplane, 2+ built
- Bellanca TES 1929, distance record aircraft, 1 built
- Savoia-Marchetti S.65 1929 racing floatplane 1 built
- Tupolev I-12 1931 Fighter prototype
- Fokker D.XXIII 1939 fighter, 1 built
- Moskalyev SAM-13 1940 (unflown) push-pull fighter, 0 built[80]
- 1944 (unflown) fighter, 1 destroyed before completion
- Cessna Skymaster 1963 push-pull transport, 2993 built
- Canaero Toucan 1986 ultralight, 16+ built
- Schweizer RU-38 Twin Condor 1995 push-pull reconnaissance aircraft, 5 built
- Adam A500 2002 push-pull transport, 7 built
On wings and between booms[]
- Caproni Ca.1 1914 bomber, 162 built
- Caproni Ca.2 1915 bomber, 9 built
- AD Seaplane Type 1000 1916 bomber, 1 built
- Anatra DE 1916 bomber, 1 built
- Caproni Ca.3 1916 bomber, about 300 built
- Caproni Ca.4 1917 triplane bomber, 44-53 built
- Caproni Ca.5 1917 bomber, 662 built
- Gotha G.VI 1918 bomber, 2 built
- Grahame-White Ganymede 1919 bomber/airliner, 1 built
Rotorcraft[]
- Bensen autogyros 1953
- Fairey Jet Gyrodyne 1954, experimental gyrodyne
- McDonnell XV-1 1954, experimental compound helicopter, 550 hp
- Avian Gyroplane 1960, 2 seats, about 6 built
- Wallis autogyros 1961
- CarterCopter / Carter PAV 1998
- Sikorsky X2 2008, experimental compound helicopter
- Sikorsky S-97 Raider 2015, experimental compound helicopter
See also[]
- List of pusher aircraft by configuration - in alphabetical order
- Pusher configuration
- Push-pull configuration
- Tractor configuration
Bibliography[]
- Extension-Shaft Pusher Type Aircraft, Sport aviation[81]
References[]
Notes[]
Citations[]
- ^ French Voisin III bomber
- ^ Ord-Hume, Arthur (August 1975). "(article)". Aeroplane Monthly. pp. 415–419.
- ^ "English: Alliet-Larivière Allar 4 3-view drawing from l'Aerophile February 1938". February 1938.
- ^ Les étranges créations d'Otto Skauba, Le Fanatique de l'Aviation, pages 14 & 22, July 1992
- ^ Baby twin-boomer, Sport Aviation, May 1988
- ^ Aircraft N455CB, ACAPELLA
- ^ Air-Britain:Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II
- ^ Photos & History: HFL Flugzeugbau Stratos 300
- ^ "'Dingo' amphibian by NPP "AeroRIK"".
- ^ Le Toucan de Jose Pocino, Experimental n°53, septembre 2000
- ^ AOPA https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2016/january/21/innovator-makes-maiden-flight
- ^ Kitplanes https://www.kitplanes.com/commuter-craft-innovator-aircraft-goes-alpha-in-2016/
- ^ Yvan Shaw 180 Seeker [1]
- ^ Analysis of a semi-tailless aircraft design, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a402729.pdf
- ^ Jump up to: a b RFB Rhein Flugzeugbau
- ^ Propeller spins with motor around tail boom
- ^ http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/4043.htm Boeing Canada A-213 Totem
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwGG6AyHei0
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwGG6AyHei0
- ^ Jump up to: a b Janowski Aircraft
- ^ Gallager, Sheldon M.; Levy, Howard (January 1980). "7 exciting new sports planes you can build". Popular Mechanics. p. 124. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-10-19.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Fk History". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
- ^ Technoflug Piccolo GOQ
- ^ http://aeroprakt.kiev.ua/airplanes/about/id/1
- ^ "Aviasud Industries AE-209 Albatross / Micronef ULM Albatros".
- ^ Air Quest Nova 21
- ^ https://www.israelhayom.com/2019/06/23/israel-presents-first-electric-powered-passenger-plane/
- ^ "Cape Air to lead the charge on all-electric air travel". 21 June 2019.
- ^ Google search
- ^ CBA 123 Vector photos on Airliners.net
- ^ Megone biplane
- ^ J2mcL Planeurs - Fiche planeur n° 3047
- ^ Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 - Sportflugzeug
- ^ The prop revolves on the tail boom https://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-machines/planeur-fiche_0int.php?code=4064
- ^ https://www.flightlineweekly.com/single-post/2018/07/10/PJ-II-Dreamer--Ducted-fan-Jet-Replica
- ^ Airliners.net
- ^ "L'Aérophile". January 1907.
- ^ Paulhan, Tatin Aero-Torpille
- ^ "Les avions de chasse russes et soviétiques 1915-1950", Herbert Léonard, Editions Heimdal 1995, page 31
- ^ "The Brothers Kasianenko"
- ^ "The history of Russian aviation. Kasyanenko No.5 (KPI-5) | Encyclopedia of safety".
- ^ Flight 1941,[page needed]
- ^ http://www.aerofiles.com/lock-dipper.jpg
- ^ "Magical Journal » Blog Archive » Allenbaugh : #66 : Grey Ghost".
- ^ "Parks Alumni Racebuilders PAR Special".
- ^ "Pützer Bussard".
- ^ Jump up to: a b FLYING MACHINES - Langley Aerodrome No. 5
- ^ Aerocar mini-IMP
- ^ Flashback to 1981: A Look Back at the Lear Fan | Flying Magazine
- ^ Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore
- ^ "AST MYASISHCHEV YAMAL amphibian mockup". 2015-11-12.
- ^ "Aviaspetstrans Yamal amphibian".
- ^ VmaxProbe
- ^ Info Pilote n° 701 aout 2014
- ^ Les étranges créations d'Otto Skauba, Le Fanatique de l'Aviation, pages 14 à 22, juillet 1992
- ^ https://www.rmtaviation.com/
- ^ "Deperdussin-de Feure Model 2". 2015-12-18.
- ^ "De Bruyere C1".
- ^ Alternative Engines, Volume1, Mick Myal
- ^ E-Racer in Stargazer database Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Interavia jan 1988
- ^ Julian Wolkovitch AC A Industries, Inc., "The Joined Wing: An Overview" (PDF), Journal of Aircraft: 176–177[permanent dead link]
- ^ Ligeti Stratos History (archived)
- ^ "New Triangle Plane Is Tailless", December 1931, Popular Science article and photo of Delta I at bottom of page 65
- ^ Bridgman, Leonard (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948. London: Sampson, Low, Marston and Co. Ltd. p. 159c-160c.
- ^ Rohr 2-175
- ^ "Image from nuricom.de". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
- ^ Scott Winton [2]
- ^ "Articles on Wingco".
- ^ "Home".
- ^ Horten Nurflugels
- ^ "Popular Mechanics". Hearst Magazines. January 1987.
- ^ "DavisWing".
- ^ "PUL-10".
- ^ Giorgio Bignozzi e Roberto Gentilli, AEROPLANI S.I.A.I. 1915-1935" - Edizioni Aeronautiche Italiane S.r.l.
- ^ url=http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_S.html accessdate=Feb 2016
- ^ url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_sik.html accessdate=Feb 2016
- ^ Star Kraft SK-700
- ^ "Moskalev SAM-13 : Other".
- ^ "Extension-Shaft Pusher Type Aircraft".
Bibliography[]
- Aircraft configurations
- Pusher aircraft