List of regions in the human brain

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The Brodmann areas of a human brain
Most famous parts of the brain highlighted in different colours

The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional, connective, and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.

Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)[]

Embryonic vertebrate subdivisions of the developing human brain
hindbrain or rhombencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. It includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.

Myelencephalon[]

Metencephalon[]

Midbrain (mesencephalon)[]

Cross-section of the midbrain.

Forebrain (prosencephalon)[]

Diencephalon[]

Diencephalon

Epithalamus[]

Third ventricle[]

  • Subcommissural organ
  • Circumventricular organs (also Fourth ventricle)

Thalamus[]

Hypothalamus (limbic system) (HPA axis)[]

  • Anterior
    • Medial area
      • Parts of preoptic area
        • Medial preoptic nucleus
          • INAH 3
        • Median preoptic nucleus
      • Suprachiasmatic nucleus
      • Paraventricular nucleus
      • Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
      • Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
    • Lateral area
      • Parts of preoptic area
        • Lateral preoptic nucleus
      • Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
      • Part of supraoptic nucleus
    • Other nuclei of preoptic area
      • Median preoptic nucleus
      • Periventricular preoptic nucleus
  • Tuberal
    • Medial area
    • Lateral area
      • Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
  • Posterior
    • Medial area
      • Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
      • Posterior nucleus
    • Lateral area
      • Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
  • Surface
    • Median eminence
    • Mammillary bodies
    • Pituitary stalk (infundibulum)
  • Optic chiasm
  • Subfornical organ
  • Periventricular nucleus
  • Tuber cinereum
    • Tuberal nucleus
    • Tuberomammillary nucleus

Subthalamus (HPA axis)[]

  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Zona incerta

Pituitary gland (HPA axis)[]

  • Neurohypophysis
  • Pars intermedia (Intermediate Lobe)
  • Adenohypophysis

Telencephalon (cerebrum) Cerebral hemispheres[]

  red: frontal lobe
  orange: parietal lobe
  yellow: occipital lobe
  green: temporal lobe
  blue: cerebellum
  black: brainstem

White matter[]

Subcortical[]

  • Hippocampus (Medial Temporal Lobe)
    • Dentate gyrus
    • Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
      • Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1)
      • Cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2)
      • Cornu ammonis area 3 (CA3)
      • Cornu ammonis area 4 (CA4)
  • Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe)
    • Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system)
    • Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system)
    • and (main olfactory system)
    • Lateral and ()
  • Extended amygdala
    • Stria terminalis
      • Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
  • Claustrum
  • Basal ganglia
    • Striatum
      • Dorsal striatum (a.k.a. neostriatum)
        • Putamen
        • Caudate nucleus
      • Ventral striatum
        • Nucleus accumbens
        • Olfactory tubercle
    • Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
      • Ventral pallidum
    • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Basal forebrain

Rhinencephalon (paleocortex)[]

Cerebral cortex (neocortex)[]


Neural pathways[]

Motor systems / Descending fibers[]

Somatosensory system[]

Visual system[]

Auditory system[]

  • Medullary striae of fourth ventricle
  • Trapezoid body
  • Lateral lemniscus

Nerves[]

  • Brain stem
    • Cranial nerves
      • Terminal (0)
      • Olfactory (I)
      • Optic (II)
      • Oculomotor (III)
      • Trochlear (IV)
      • Trigeminal (V)
      • Abducens (VI)
      • Facial (VII)
      • Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
      • Glossopharyngeal (IX)
      • Vagus (X)
      • Accessory (XI)
      • Hypoglossal (XII)

Neuro endocrine systems[]

Neuro vascular systems[]

Neurotransmitter pathways[]

  • Noradrenaline system
  • Dopamine system
  • Serotonin system
  • Cholinergic system
  • GABA
  • Neuropeptides
    • Opioid peptides
    • Oxytocin
    • Substance P

Dural meningeal system[]

Limbic system[]

The limbic system, also known as the paleomammalian cortex, is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the midbrain.[1] The classification of structures as part of the limbic system is historical and originates from the position of the structures at the boundary between two functionally distinct components (hence, the name limbus, meaning border) and the structures' shared roles in emotional processes (see limbic system for more details). Hence, there is overlap of structures in the limbic system and in other classifications of brain structures. The following areas have been considered part of the limbic system.[2][3]

  • Cortical areas:
    • Limbic lobe
    • Orbitofrontal cortex: a region in the frontal lobe involved in the process of decision-making
    • Piriform cortex: part of the olfactory system
    • Entorhinal cortex: related to memory and associative components
    • Hippocampus and associated structures: play a central role in the consolidation of new memories
    • Fornix: a white matter structure connecting the hippocampus with other brain structures, particularly the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei
  • Subcortical areas:
    • Septal nuclei: a set of structures that lie in front of the lamina terminalis, considered a pleasure zone
    • Amygdala: located deep within the temporal lobes and related with a number of emotional processes
    • Nucleus accumbens: involved in reward, pleasure, and addiction
  • Diencephalic structures:
    • Hypothalamus: a center for the limbic system, connected with the frontal lobes, septal nuclei, and the brain stem reticular formation via the medial forebrain bundle, with the hippocampus via the fornix, and with the thalamus via the mammillothalamic fasciculus; regulates many autonomic processes
    • Mammillary bodies: part of the hypothalamus that receives signals from the hippocampus via the fornix and projects them to the thalamus
    • Anterior nuclei of thalamus: receive input from the mammillary bodies and involved in memory processing

Other areas that have been included in the limbic system include the:

Related topics[]

References[]

  1. ^ Schacter, Daniel L. 2012. Psychology.sec. 3.20
  2. ^ Swenson, Rand. "Chapter 9 - Limbic System". Retrieved 9 January 2015.:
  3. ^ Rajmohan V, Mohandas E (2007). "The limbic system". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 49 (2): 132–139. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.33264. PMC 2917081. PMID 20711399.

External links[]

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