List of reptiles of North America

Subfamily: Crocodylinae

• American crocodile Crocodylus acutus VU E (FL: T only)

Gopher tortoises

• Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus VU T
• Berlandier's tortoise Gopherus berlandieri LR/lc
• Bolson tortoise Gopherus flavomarginatus VU
• Mohave Desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii VU T
  (AZ south and east of Colorado R.: T(S/A) only) and:
  • Sonoran Desert tortoise Gopherus morafkai (formerly in G. agassizii)

Typical tortoises

• Indian star tortoise Geochelone elegans * ^{[7][n 1]}

Subfamily: Emydinae

Subfamily: Deirochelyinae

Black-knobbed map turtle
Graptemys nigrinoda hatchlings

Snapping turtles

• Snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina LC

Alligator snapping turtles

• Species split from the Alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) VU:
  • Alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii ^[3] including:
    • Apalachicola alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys apalachicolae ^{[n 3]} (currently not recognized)
  • Suwannee alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys suwanniensis ^[3]

Mud turtles

• Arizona mud turtle Kinosternon (flavescens) stejnegeri^{[7][n 3]}
  (formerly Kinosternon arizonense^[3] LC)
• Striped mud turtle Kinosternon baurii LC
• Yellow mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens LC
• Rough-footed mud turtle Kinosternon hirtipes LC
• Sonora mud turtle Kinosternon sonoriense NT
• Species split from the Eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) LC:
  • Eastern mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum ^[3]
  • Florida mud turtle Kinosternon (subrubrum) steindachneri ^{[3][n 2]}

Musk turtles

Spiny softshell Apalone spinifera

• Razor-backed musk turtle Sternotherus carinatus LC
• Flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus CR T
• Loggerhead musk turtle Sternotherus minor LC and:
  • Sternotherus (minor) peltifer ^{[7][n 4][n 3]} (split from S. minor)
• Intermediate musk turtle Sternotherus intermedius^{[7][n 3]}
• Eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus LC

Giant musk turtles

• Pacific Coast Giant Musk Turtle Staurotypus salvinii * ^[3] LR/nt

Subfamily: Agaminae

• Peters’s Rock Agama Agama picticauda * ^[3]
• Indochinese bloodsucker Calotes mystaceus * ^{[1][7][n 1]}
• Variable bloodsucker Calotes versicolor * LC

Subfamily: Leiolepidinae

• Butterfly lizard Leiolepis belliana *
• Red-banded butterfly lizard Leiolepis rubritaeniata *

Subfamily: Chamaeleoninae

• Veiled chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus * LC
• Jackson's chameleon Trioceros jacksonii *
• Oustalet's chameleon Furcifer oustaleti * LC
• Panther Chameleon Furcifer pardalis * ^[3] LC

Collared lizards

• Great Basin collared lizard Crotaphytus bicinctores LC
• Eastern collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris LC
• Sonoran collared lizard Crotaphytus nebrius LC
• Reticulate collared lizard Crotaphytus reticulatus VU
• Baja California collared lizard Crotaphytus vestigium LC

Leopard lizards

• Cope’s leopard lizard Gambelia copeii LC
• Blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia sila EN E
• Long-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii LC

• Ctenosaura conspicuosa *
• Sonoran spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura macrolopha *
• Mexican spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura pectinata *
• Gray's spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura similis * LC
• Desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis LC
• Green iguana Iguana iguana *

Chuckwallas

• Common chuckwalla Sauromalus ater LC

Zebratail lizards

• Zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus draconoides LC

Greater earless lizards

• Greater earless lizard Cophosaurus texanus LC

Lesser earless lizards

• Species split from the spot-tailed earless lizard (Holbrookia lacerata) NT:
  • Northern Spot-tailed Earless Lizard Holbrookia lacerata ^{[n 5]}
  • Southern spot-tailed earless lizard Holbrookia (lacerata) subcaudalis^{[7][n 4][n 3]}
• Species split from the common lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata):
  • Common lesser earless lizard Holbrookia maculata LC and:
    • Speckled earless lizard Holbrookia (maculata) approximans^{[8][n 5][n 3]} (currently not recognized,^[7] split from H. maculata)
  • Elegant earless lizard Holbrookia elegans LC
• Keeled earless lizard Holbrookia propinqua LC

Banded rock lizards

• Mearns’s rock lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi LC

Horned lizards

Desert Horned Lizard
Phrynosoma platyrhinos

• Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma cornutum LC and:
  • Blainville's horned lizard Phrynosoma blainvillii (formerly in P. cornutum)
• Short-horned lizards (Phrynosoma douglasii species complex):^[9]
  • Pygmy short-horned lizard Phrynosoma douglasii LC
  • Species treated by SSAR as subspecies^[3] of the greater short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma hernandesi) LC
    • Hernandez’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma hernandesi^[9]
    • Phrynosoma brevirostris^{[7][9][n 3]}
    • Phrynosoma ornatissimum^{[7][9][n 3]}
    • Baur’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma bauri^{[7][9][n 3]}
    • Phrynosoma diminutum^{[7][9][n 3]}
• Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos LC and:
  • Phrynosoma goodei (formerly in Phrynosoma platyrhinos)
• Flat-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma mcallii NT
• Round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum LC
• Regal horned lizard Phrynosoma solare LC

Spiny lizards

• Dunes sagebrush lizard Sceloporus arenicolus VU
• Desert spiny lizard Sceloporus magister LC and:
  • Twin-spotted spiny lizard Sceloporus bimaculosus (formerly in Sceloporus magister)
• Yellow-backed spiny lizard Sceloporus uniformis (formerly in Sceloporus magister)
• Sceloporus clarkii LC
• Species split from the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) LC:
  • Eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus
  • Sceloporus consobrinus
  • Southwestern fence lizard Sceloporus cowlesi
  • Plateau fence lizard Sceloporus tristichus
• Rough-scaled lizard Sceloporus serrifer LC ^{[7][n 3]} and:
  • Blue spiny lizard Sceloporus cyanogenys ^{[n 2]} (formerly in Sceloporus serrifer LC)
• Common sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus LC and:
  • Sceloporus (graciosus) vandenburgianus LC ^{[10][n 4][n 3]} (split from S. graciosus)
• Graphic spiny lizard Sceloporus grammicus LC
• Yarrow’s spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovii LC
• Canyon lizard Sceloporus merriami LC
• Western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis LC and:
  • Island fence lizard Sceloporus (occidentalis) becki^{[7][n 4][n 3]} (split from S. occidentalis)
• Texas spiny lizard Sceloporus olivaceus LC
• Granite spiny lizard Sceloporus orcutti LC
• Crevice spiny lizard Sceloporus poinsettii LC
• Slevin's bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus slevini LC
• Rose-bellied lizard Sceloporus variabilis LC, but only:
  • Sceloporus (variabilis) marmoratus^{[7][n 4][n 3]} (split from S. variabilis)
• Striped plateau lizard Sceloporus virgatus LC
• Florida scrub lizard Sceloporus woodi NT
• Sceloporus ornatus^[7] NT^{[n 1]}

Fringe-toed lizards

• Coachella fringe-toed lizard Uma inornata EN T
• Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard Uma notata NT and:
  • Yuman fringe-toed lizard Uma rufopunctata NT (formerly in U. notata)
• Mohave fringe-toed lizard Uma scoparia LC

Tree and brush lizards

• Long-tailed brush lizard Urosaurus graciosus LC
• Small-scaled lizard Urosaurus microscutatus (formerly merged with U. nigricaudus LC)^[3]
• Ornate tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus LC

Side-blotched lizards

• Common sideblotched lizard Uta stansburiana LC

Anoles

• Green anole Anolis carolinensis LC
• Hispaniolan green anole Anolis chlorocyanus *
• Large-headed anole Anolis cybotes *
• Knight anole Anolis equestris *
• Cuban green anole Anolis porcatus *
• Crested anole Anolis cristatellus *
• Species split from the bark anole (Anolis distichus):
  • Bark anole Anolis distichus * ^{[n 6]}
  • * ^{[7][n 4][n 1]}
  • * ^{[7][n 4][n 1]}
• Allison's anole Anolis allisoni * ^{[7][n 1]}
• Comb anole Anolis ferreus *
• Jamaican giant anole Anolis garmani *
• Brown anole Anolis sagrei *
• Saint Vincent's bush anole Anolis trinitatis *

Subfamily: Gekkoninae

Texas banded gecko
Coleonyx brevis

• Moorish gecko Tarentola mauritanica * LC
• Ringed wall gecko Tarentola annularis *
• Common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus * LC
• Indo-Pacific house gecko Hemidactylus garnotii * ^{[n 7]}
• Wood slave Hemidactylus mabouia *
• Sri Lankan spotted house gecko Hemidactylus parvimaculatus *
• Asian flat-tailed house gecko Hemidactylus platyurus *
• Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus * ^[3] LC
• Indo-Pacific tree gecko Hemiphyllodactylus typus * ^{[n 7]} (Hawaii only)
• Peninsula leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus nocticolus LC
  (sometimes treated as subspecies of the Xantus' leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus xanti LC ^{[n 3]})
• Reef gecko Sphaerodactylus notatus LC
• Ocellated gecko Sphaerodactylus argus *
• Ashy gecko Sphaerodactylus elegans *
• Gray gecko Sphaerodactylus cinereus^[7] VU^{[n 3]}
• Bibron's sand gecko Chondrodactylus bibronii * ^{[1][7][n 3]}
• Rough-tailed gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum * LC
• Mutilating gecko Gehyra mutilata * (Hawaii only)
• Golden gecko Gekko badenii' * EN
• Tokay gecko Gekko gecko *
• Yellow-headed gecko Gonatodes albogularis *
• Mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris * ^{[n 7]}
• Madagascan giant day gecko Phelsuma grandis * LC
• Orange-spotted day gecko Phelsuma guimbeaui * (Hawaii only)
• Gold dust day gecko Phelsuma laticauda * LC

Subfamily: Eublepharinae

Subfamily: Lacertinae

• Western green lacerta Lacerta bilineata * LC
• Common wall lizard Podarcis muralis * LC
• Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus * LC

Subfamily: Scincinae

• Coal skink Plestiodon anthracinus LC
• Mountain skink Plestiodon callicephalus LC
• Mole skink Plestiodon egregius LC (Blue-tailed mole skink P. e. lividus: T)
• Five-lined skink Plestiodon fasciatus LC
• Gilbert’s skink Plestiodon gilberti LC
• Southeastern five-lined skink Plestiodon inexpectatus LC
• Broad-headed skink Plestiodon laticeps LC
• Many-lined skink Plestiodon multivirgatus LC
• Great Plains skink Plestiodon obsoletus LC
• Prairie skink Plestiodon septentrionalis LC
• Western skink Plestiodon skiltonianus LC
• Four-lined skink Plestiodon tetragrammus LC
• Florida sand skink Plestiodon reynoldsi VU T
• Ocellated skink Chalcides ocellatus * ^[3]

Subfamily: Lygosominae

• Brown mabuya Mabuya multifasciata *
• Little brown skink Scincella lateralis LC
• Pacific snake-eyed skink Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus * (Hawaii only)
• Copper-tailed skink Emoia cyanura * (Hawaii only)
• Azure-tailed skink Emoia impar * LC (Hawaii only)
• Plague skink Lampropholis delicata * (Hawaii only)
• Moth skink Lipinia noctua * (Hawaii only)
• African five-lined skink Trachylepis quinquetaeniata *

Subfamily:

Subfamily:

California legless lizards

• Species split from the California legless lizard (Anniella pulchra) LC:
  • Anniella alexanderae ^[3]
  • Big Spring legless lizard Anniella campi ^[3]
  • Anniella grinnelli ^[3]
  • Northern legless lizard Anniella pulchra ^[3]
  • San Diegan legless lizard Anniella stebbinsi ^[3]

Worm lizards

• Florida wormlizard Rhineura floridana LC

Subfamily: Erycinae

Subfamily: Boinae

Racers

• North American racer Coluber constrictor LC

Whipsnakes

• Coluber bilineatus LC
• Coachwhip Coluber flagellum LC and:
  • Coluber fuliginosus (formerly in C. flagellum)
• Striped racer Coluber lateralis LC (Alameda striped racer C. l. euryxanthus: T)
• Striped Whipsnake Coluber taeniatus LC and:
  • Schott’s whipsnake Coluber schotti LC (formerly in C. taeniatus)

Desert rat snakes

• Baja California ratsnake Bogertophis rosaliae LC
• Trans-Pecos ratsnake Bogertophis subocularis LC

Rat snakes and fox snakes

Eastern ratsnake
Pantherophis alleghaniensis

• Species split from the Texas ratsnake (Pantherophis obsoletus) LC:
  • Western ratsnake Pantherophis obsoletus
  • Eastern ratsnake Pantherophis alleghaniensis
  • Gray ratsnake Pantherophis spiloides
• Baird's ratsnake Pantherophis bairdi LC
• Great Plains ratsnake Pantherophis emoryi LC
• Species split from the western foxsnake (Pantherophis vulpinus) LC
  • Eastern foxsnake Pantherophis vulpinus including:
    • Eastern fox snake Pantherophis (vulpinus) gloydi NT ^{[2][n 3]} (currently not recognized)
  • Western fox snake Pantherophis ramspotti
• Red cornsnake Pantherophis guttatus LC and:
  • Slowinski's cornsnake Pantherophis slowinskii DD (formerly in P. guttatus)

Glossy snakes

Glossy snake Arizona elegans

• Glossy snake Arizona elegans LC

Scarlet snakes

• Scarlet snake Cemophora coccinea LC and:
  • Texas scarletsnake Cemophora lineri ^{[3][n 2]} (formerly in C. coccinea)

Sand snakes

• Sonora straminea,^[11][7] syn. Chilomeniscus stramineus^[3] LC and:
  • Sonora cincta, syn. Chilomeniscus cinctus ^{[11][7][n 3]} (split back from Ch. stramineus)

Ground snake

• Variable Groundsnake Sonora semiannulata^[11][7][3] and:
  • Sonora (semiannulata) taylori^{[11][7][n 4][n 3]} (split from the western groundsnake S. semiannulata)
• Sonora episcopa^{[11][7][n 3]}

Shovel-nosed snakes

• Mohave shovel-nosed snake Sonora occipitalis,^[11][7] syn. Chionactis occipitalis^[3] LC and:
  • Sonora annulata,^[11][7] syn. Chionactis annulata^{[3] [n 2]} (formerly in Ch. occipitalis^[3])
• Sonoran shovel-nosed snake Sonora palarostris,^[11][7] syn. Chionactis palarostris^[3] LC

Indigo snakes

• Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon couperi LC T
• Gulf coast indigo snake Drymarchon kolpobasileus^[3]
• Central American indigo snake Drymarchon melanurus LC

Speckled racers

• Speckled racer Drymobius margaritiferus

Mexican hognose snakes

• Tamaulipan hook-nosed snake Ficimia streckeri LC

Plateau hooknose snakes

• Chihuahuan hook-nosed snake Gyalopion canum LC
• Gyalopion quadrangulare LC

Night snakes

• Gray-banded kingsnake Lampropeltis alterna LC
• Species split from the yellow-bellied kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) LC:
  • Prairie kingsnake Lampropeltis calligaster
  • Lampropeltis occipitolineata ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Northern mole kingsnake Lampropeltis rhombomaculata ^{[3][n 2]}

Short-tailed snake

• Short-tailed kingsnake Lampropeltis extenuata NT

Kingsnakes

• Species split from the common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) LC:
  • Eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis getula ^{[3][n 2]}
  • California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Speckled kingsnake Lampropeltis holbrooki ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Eastern black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigra ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Desert kingsnake Lampropeltis splendida ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Florida kingsnake Lampropeltis floridana ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Apalachicola kingsnake Lampropeltis meansi ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Western black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigrita ^{[3][n 2]}
• Arizona mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis pyromelana LC and:
  • Madrean Mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis (pyromelana) knoblochi (formerly in the Sonoran mountain kingsnake L. pyromelana)
• Species split from the milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum):
  • Eastern milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum ^[3]
  • Scarlet kingsnake Lampropeltis elapsoides ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Mexican milksnake Lampropeltis (triangulum) annulata ^{[3][n 2]}
  • Lampropeltis gentilis ^{[3][n 2]}
• California mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis zonata LC and:
  • Lampropeltis (zonata) multifasciata ^{[3][n 2]} (formerly in L. zonata)

Rough green snake

Rough Greensnake Opheodrys aestivus

• Rough greensnake Opheodrys aestivus LC

Smooth green snake

• Smooth greensnake Opheodrys vernalis LC

Neotropical vine snakes

• Brown vinesnake Oxybelis aeneus

Leaf-nosed snakes

• Phyllorhynchus browni LC
• Phyllorhynchus decurtatus LC

Bull, gopher, and pine snakes

• Gopher snake Pituophis catenifer LC
• Pinesnake Pituophis melanoleucus LC
• Louisiana pine snake Pituophis ruthveni EN

Pine wood snake

• Pine Woods littersnake Rhadinaea flavilata LC

Long-nosed snake

• Long-nosed snake Rhinocheilus lecontei LC

Patch-nosed snakes

• Salvadora grahamiae LC
• Western patch-nosed snake Salvadora hexalepis LC and:
  • Salvadora (hexalepis) deserticola ^{[7][n 4][n 3]} (split from S. hexalepis)

Mountain ratsnake

• Green ratsnake Senticolis triaspis LC

Black-headed, flat-headed, and crowned snakes

• Tantilla atriceps LC
• Southeastern crowned snake Tantilla coronata LC
• Tantilla cucullata LC (formerly in )
• Flat-headed snake Tantilla gracilis LC
• Smith's black-headed snake Tantilla hobartsmithi LC
• Plains black-headed snake Tantilla nigriceps LC
• Rim rock crowned snake Tantilla oolitica EN
• Western black-headed snake Tantilla planiceps LC
• Florida crowned snake Tantilla relicta LC
• Tantilla wilcoxi LC
• Tantilla yaquia LC

Lyre snakes

• Trimorphodon lambda
• Trimorphodon lyrophanes
• Texas lyresnake Trimorphodon vilkinsonii LC (formerly in T. biscutatus)

Shovel-nosed snakes

• Kirtland’s snake Clonophis kirtlandii NT

Water snakes

Saltmarsh watersnake Nerodia clarkii

• Saltmarsh snake Nerodia clarkii LC:
• *Gulf saltmarsh watersnake N. c. clarkii
• * N. c. compressicauda
• * N. c. taeniata : T
• Mississippi green watersnake Nerodia cyclopion LC
• Plain-bellied watersnake Nerodia erythrogaster LC
  (Copper-bellied watersnake N. e. neglecta: T)

• Southern watersnake Nerodia fasciata LC:
• *Broad-banded watersnake N. f. confluens
• * N. f. fasciata
• *Florida watersnake N. f. pictiventris
• Florida green watersnake Nerodia floridana LC
• Brazos River watersnake Nerodia harteri NT
• Concho watersnake Nerodia paucimaculata NT
• Diamond-backed watersnake Nerodia rhombifer LC
• Common watersnake Nerodia sipedon LC
• Brown watersnake Nerodia taxispilota LC

Crayfish snakes

• Graham’s crayfish snake Regina grahamii LC
• Queensnake Regina septemvittata LC

Swampsnakes

• Striped swampsnake Liodytes alleni LC
• Glossy swampsnake Liodytes rigida LC
• Black swampsnake Liodytes pygaea LC

Brown snakes

• Dekay's brown snake Storeria dekayi LC and:
  • Florida brown snake Storeria victa ^{[n 2]} (formerly in S. dekayi)
• Red-bellied snake Storeria occipitomaculata LC

Garter snakes

• Aquatic gartersnake Thamnophis atratus LC
• Short-headed gartersnake Thamnophis brachystoma LC
• Butler's gartersnake Thamnophis butleri LC
• Sierra gartersnake Thamnophis couchii LC
• Black-necked gartersnake Thamnophis cyrtopsis LC
• Terrestrial gartersnake Thamnophis elegans LC
• Mexican gartersnake Thamnophis eques LC
• Giant gartersnake Thamnophis gigas VU T
• Two-striped gartersnake Thamnophis hammondii LC
• Checkered gartersnake Thamnophis marcianus LC
• Northwestern gartersnake Thamnophis ordinoides LC
• Western ribbonsnake Thamnophis proximus LC
• Plains gartersnake Thamnophis radix LC
• Narrow-headed gartersnake Thamnophis rufipunctatus LC
• Eastern ribbonsnake Thamnophis saurita LC
• Common gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis LC (San Francisco Gartersnake T. s. tetrataenia: E)

Lined snake

• Lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum LC

Earth snakes

• Rough earthsnake Haldea striatula LC
• Smooth earthsnake Virginia valeriae LC

Sharp-tailed snakes

• Forest sharp-tailed snake
• Common sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis LC

Night snakes

• Species split from the night snake (Hypsiglena torquata) LC:
  • Hypsiglena chlorophaea
  • Chihuahuan nightsnake Hypsiglena jani
  • Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha

Cat-eyed snakes

• Northern cat-eyed snake Leptodeira septentrionalis

Worm snakes

• Common wormsnake Carphophis amoenus LC
• Western wormsnake Carphophis vermis LC

Black-striped snake

• Coniophanes imperialis LC

Ringneck snake

• Ring-necked snake Diadophis punctatus LC

Mud snake and rainbow snake

• Red-bellied mudsnake Farancia abacura LC
• Rainbow snake Farancia erytrogramma LC

Hog-nosed snakes

• Species split from the western hog-nosed snake (Heterodon nasicus) LC:
  • Plains hog-nosed snake Heterodon nasicus ^{[n 2]}
  • Heterodon gloydi ^{[n 2]}
  • Heterodon kennerlyi ^{[n 2]}
• Eastern hog-nosed snake Heterodon platirhinos LC
• Southern hog-nosed snake Heterodon simus VU

Subfamily: Crotalinae

Western coral snake

• Sonoran coral snake Micruroides euryxanthus LC

Eastern coral snake

• Harlequin coral snake Micrurus fulvius LC
• Texas coral snake Micrurus tener LC

Subfamily: Hydrophiinae

Blind snakes

• Texas threadsnake Rena dulcis LC and:
  • New Mexico threadsnake Rena dissecta LC (formerly in R. dulcis)
• Western threadsnake Rena humilis LC and:
  • Rena (humilis) segrega ^{[7][n 4][n 3]} (split from R. humilis)