List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa. It includes both fully recognised states, states with limited or zero recognition, and dependent territories of both African and non-African states. It lists 56 sovereign states (54 of which are member states of the United Nations), two non-sovereign (dependent) territories of non-African sovereign states, and nine sub-national regions of non-African sovereign states.
Malta and parts of France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are located on the African continental plate, some considerably closer to the African mainland than the European mainland but, politically, are generally considered to be European by convention. Egypt, although extending into Asia through the Sinai Peninsula, is considered an African state.
Sovereign states[]
Recognised states[]
The following 54 fully recognised states are all members of the United Nations[1] and the African Union.[2][3][4][5]
| Flag | Map | English short name and formal name [6][7][8] |
Local short name(s) and formal name(s)[6][7] |
Capital [8][9][10] |
Population (2018) [11][12] |
Area[a][b] [13] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|
Algeria People's Democratic Republic of Algeria |
Arabic: — الجزائر الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية (Al Jazāʼir — Al Jumhūriyyah al Jazāʾiriyyah ad Dimuqrāṭiyyah ash Shaʾbiyyah) |
Algiers Arabic: الجزائر (Al Jazā’ir) |
42,228,408 | 2,381,740 km2 (919,595 sq mi) |
 |
|
Angola Republic of Angola |
Portuguese: Angola—República de Angola | Luanda Portuguese: Luanda |
30,809,787 | 1,246,700 km2 (481,354 sq mi) |
 |
|
Benin Republic of Benin |
French: Bénin—République du Bénin | Porto-Novo French: Porto-Novo |
11,485,044 | 112,622 km2 (43,484 sq mi) |
 |
|
Botswana Republic of Botswana |
English: Botswana—Republic of Botswana Tswana: Botswana—Lefatshe la Botswana |
Gaborone English: Gaborone Tswana: Gaborone |
2,254,068 | 581,726 km2 (224,606 sq mi) |
 |
|
Burkina Faso | French: Burkina Faso | Ouagadougou French: Ouagadougou |
19,751,466 | 274,000 km2 (105,792 sq mi) |
 |
|
Burundi Republic of Burundi |
French: Burundi—République du Burundi Kirundi: Burundi—Republika y'u Burundi |
Gitega French: Gitega Kirundi: Gitega |
11,175,374 | 27,830 km2 (10,745 sq mi) |
 |
|
Cameroon Republic of Cameroon |
English: Cameroon—Republic of Cameroon French: Cameroun—République du Cameroun |
Yaoundé English: Yaoundé French: Yaoundé |
25,216,267 | 475,442 km2 (183,569 sq mi) includes the Cameroonian-administered parts of Southern Cameroons, which is claimed by the Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation as the Republic of Ambazonia |
 |
|
Cape Verde Republic of Cabo Verde |
Portuguese: Cabo Verde—República de Cabo Verde | Praia Portuguese: Praia |
543,767 | 4,033 km2 (1,557 sq mi) |
 |
|
Central African Republic | Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka French: République centrafricaine |
Bangui French: Bangui |
4,666,368 | 622,984 km2 (240,535 sq mi) |
 |
|
Chad Republic of Chad |
Arabic: جمهورية تشاد — تشاد (Tshād—Jumhūriyyat Tshād) French: Tchad—République du Tchad |
N'Djamena Arabic: نجامينا (Nijāmīnā) French: Ndjamena |
15,477,729 | 1,284,000 km2 (495,755 sq mi) |
 |
|
Comoros Union of the Comoros |
Arabic: — جزرالقمر جمهورية القمرالمتحدة (Juzur al Qamar—Jumhūriyyat al Qamar al Muttaḥidah) Comorian: Komori—Udzima wa Komori |
Moroni Arabic: موروني (Mūrūnī) French: Moroni |
832,322 | 2,235 km2 (863 sq mi) |
 |
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo[n 1] | French: République démocratique du Congo | Kinshasa French: Kinshasa |
84,068,091 | 2,344,858 km2 (905,355 sq mi) |
 |
|
Republic of the Congo[n 2] | French: République du Congo | Brazzaville French: Brazzaville |
5,244,359 | 342,000 km2 (132,047 sq mi) |
 |
|
Djibouti Republic of Djibouti |
Arabic: جيبوتي — جمهورية جيبوتي (Jibūti—Jumhūrīyat Jibūti) French: Djibouti—République de Djibouti |
Djibouti City Arabic: مدينة جيبوتي (Jibūti Madīna) French: Ville de Djibouti |
958,923 | 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi) |
 |
|
Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt[n 3] |
Arabic: مصر — جمهورية مصر العربية (Miṣr—Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al ʿArabiyyah) | Cairo Arabic: القاهرة (al Qāhirah) |
98,423,598 | 1,001,449 km2 (386,662 sq mi) |
 |
|
Equatorial Guinea Republic of Equatorial Guinea |
Spanish: Guinea Ecuatorial—República de Guinea Ecuatorial
|
Malabo[n 4] Spanish: Malabo
|
1,308,975 | 28,051 km2 (10,831 sq mi) |
 |
|
Eritrea State of Eritrea |
Arabic: إرتريا — دولة إرتريا (ʾIritriyā—Dawlat ʾIritriyā) English: Eritrea—State of Eritrea Tigrinya: ኤርትራ — ሃገረ ኤርትራ (ʾErtra—Hagere ʾErtra) |
Asmara Arabic: أسمرة (ʾAsmara) Tigrinya: ኣስመራ (Asmera) |
3,452,786 | 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi) |
 |
|
Eswatini Kingdom of Eswatini |
English: Eswatini—Kingdom of Eswatini Swazi: eSwatini—Umbuso weSwatini |
Lobamba (royal and legislative) Mbabane (administrative) English: Lobamba, Mbabane Swazi: Lobamba, ÉMbábáne |
1,136,281 | 17,364 km2 (6,704 sq mi) |
 |
|
Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia |
Amharic: Iትዮጵያ — የIትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Ītyōṗṗyā—Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dēmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk) |
Addis Ababa Amharic: አዲስ አበባ (Addis Abäba) |
109,224,414 | 1,104,300 km2 (426,373 sq mi) |
 |
|
Gabon Gabonese Republic |
French: Gabon—République gabonaise | Libreville French: Libreville |
2,119,275 | 267,668 km2 (103,347 sq mi) |
 |
|
The Gambia Republic of the Gambia |
English: The Gambia—Republic of the Gambia | Banjul English: Banjul |
2,280,094 | 10,380 km2 (4,008 sq mi) |
 |
|
Ghana Republic of Ghana |
English: Ghana—Republic of Ghana | Accra English: Accra |
29,767,102 | 238,534 km2 (92,098 sq mi) |
 |
|
Guinea[n 5] Republic of Guinea |
French: Guinée—République de Guinée | Conakry French: Conakry |
12,414,293 | 245,857 km2 (94,926 sq mi) |
 |
|
Guinea-Bissau Republic of Guinea-Bissau |
Portuguese: Guiné-Bissau—República da Guiné-Bissau | Bissau Portuguese: Bissau |
1,874,303 | 36,125 km2 (13,948 sq mi) |
 |
|
Ivory Coast Republic of Côte d'Ivoire |
French: Côte d'Ivoire—République de Côte d'Ivoire | Yamoussoukro French: Yamoussoukro |
25,069,230 | 322,460 km2 (124,503 sq mi) |
 |
|
Kenya Republic of Kenya |
English: Kenya—Republic of Kenya Swahili: Kenya—Jamhuri ya Kenya |
Nairobi English: Nairobi Swahili: Nairobi |
51,392,565 | 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi) |
 |
|
Lesotho Kingdom of Lesotho |
English: Lesotho—Kingdom of Lesotho Sotho: Lesotho—Muso oa Lesotho |
Maseru English: Maseru Sotho: Maseru |
2,108,328 | 30,355 km2 (11,720 sq mi) |
 |
|
Liberia Republic of Liberia |
English: Liberia—Republic of Liberia | Monrovia English: Monrovia |
4,818,973 | 111,369 km2 (43,000 sq mi) |
 |
|
Libya State of Libya |
Arabic: ليبيا (Lībīyā) Berber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ (Libya) |
Tripoli Arabic: طرابلس (Ṭarābulus) Berber: ⵟⵔⴰⴱⵍⴻⵙ (Ṭrables) |
6,678,559 | 1,759,540 km2 (679,362 sq mi) |
 |
|
Madagascar Republic of Madagascar |
French: Madagascar—République de Madagascar Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara |
Antananarivo French: Antananarivo Malagasy: Antananarivo |
26,262,313 | 587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) |
 |
|
Malawi Republic of Malawi |
Chichewa: Malaŵi—Dziko la Malaŵi English: Malawi—Republic of Malawi |
Lilongwe Chichewa: Lilongwe English: Lilongwe |
18,143,217 | 118,484 km2 (45,747 sq mi) |
 |
|
Mali Republic of Mali |
French: Mali—République du Mali | Bamako French: Bamako |
19,077,749 | 1,240,192 km2 (478,841 sq mi) |
 |
|
Mauritania Islamic Republic of Mauritania |
Arabic: موريتانيا — الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية (Mūrītānīyyā —Al Jumhūriyyah alʾIslāmiyyah al Mūrītānīyyah) |
Nouakchott Arabic: نواكشوط (Nuwākshūṭ) |
4,403,313 | 1,030,700 km2 (397,955 sq mi) |
 |
|
Mauritius Republic of Mauritius |
English: Mauritius—Republic of Mauritius French: Maurice—République de Maurice Mauritian Creole Moris—Repiblik Moris |
Port Louis English: Port Louis French: Port-Louis Mauritian Creole: Porlwi |
1,267,185 | 2,040 km2 (788 sq mi) |
 |
|
Morocco Kingdom of Morocco |
Arabic : المغرب — المملكة المغربية ('Al Maḡrib—Al Mamlakah al Maḡribiyyah) Berber: ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱ (Tageldit n-Elmaġrib) |
Rabat Arabic: الرباط (ar-Ribaaṭ) Berber: ⴰⵕⴱⴰⵟ (Aṛbaṭ) |
36,029,093 | 446,550 km2 (172,414 sq mi) excludes all disputed territories 710,850 km2 (274,461 sq mi) includes the Moroccan-administered parts of Western Sahara, which is claimed by the Polisario Front as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |
 |
|
Mozambique Republic of Mozambique |
Portuguese: Moçambique—República de Moçambique | Maputo Portuguese: Maputo |
29,496,004 | 801,590 km2 (309,496 sq mi) |
 |
|
Namibia Republic of Namibia |
English: Namibia—Republic of Namibia | Windhoek English: Windhoek |
2,448,301 | 825,418 km2 (318,696 sq mi) |
 |
|
Niger Republic of the Niger |
French: Niger—République du Niger | Niamey French: Niamey |
22,442,831 | 1,267,000 km2 (489,191 sq mi) |
 |
|
Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria |
English: Nigeria—Federal Republic of Nigeria | Abuja English: Abuja |
195,874,685 | 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi) |
 |
|
Rwanda Republic of Rwanda |
English: Rwanda—Republic of Rwanda French: Rwanda—République du Rwanda Kinyarwanda Rwanda—Repubulika y'u Rwanda |
Kigali English: Kigali French: Kigali Kinyarwanda Kigali |
12,374, 397 | 26,798 km2 (10,347 sq mi) |
 |
|
Sao Tome and Principe Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe |
Portuguese: São Tomé e Príncipe—República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe | São Tomé Portuguese: São Tomé |
211,028 | 964 km2 (372 sq mi) |
 |
|
Senegal Republic of Senegal |
French: Sénégal—République du Sénégal | Dakar French: Dakar |
15,854,323 | 196,723 km2 (75,955 sq mi) |
 |
|
Seychelles Republic of Seychelles |
English: Seychelles—Republic of Seychelles French: Seychelles—République des Seychelles Seychellois Creole: Sesel— Repiblik Sesel |
Victoria English: Victoria French: Victoria Seychellois Creole: Victoria |
97,096 | 451 km2 (174 sq mi) |
 |
|
Sierra Leone Republic of Sierra Leone |
English: Sierra Leone—Republic of Sierra Leone | Freetown English: Freetown |
7,650,150 | 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi) |
 |
|
Somalia Federal Republic of Somalia |
Arabic: الصومال — جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية (Aṣ Ṣūmāl—Jumhūriyyah aṣ Ṣūmāl al Fīdrāliyyah) Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya |
Mogadishu Somali: Muqdisho Arabic: مقديشو (Maqadīshū) |
15,008,226 | 637,657 km2 (246,201 sq mi) |
 |
|
South Africa Republic of South Africa |
Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika—Republiek van Suid-Afrika show
10 other official names |
Bloemfontein (judicial), Cape Town (legislative), and Pretoria (executive) |
57,792,518 | 1,221,037 km2 (471,445 sq mi) |
 |
|
South Sudan Republic of South Sudan |
English: South Sudan—Republic of South Sudan | Juba English: Juba |
10,975,927 | 644,329 km2 (248,777 sq mi) |
 |
|
Sudan Republic of the Sudan |
Arabic: السودان — جمهورية السودان (As Sūdān—Jumhūriyyah as Sūdān) English: Republic of the Sudan |
Khartoum Arabic: الخرطوم (Al Kharṭūm) |
41,801,533 | 1,861,484 km2 (718,723 sq mi) |
 |
|
Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania |
English: Tanzania—United Republic of Tanzania Swahili: Tanzania—Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania |
Dodoma (official) Dar es Salaam (seat of government) English: Dodoma Swahili: Dodoma |
56,313,438 | 945,203 km2 (364,945 sq mi) |
 |
|
Togo Togolese Republic |
French: Togo—République Togolaise | Lomé French: Lomé |
7,889,093 | 56,785 km2 (21,925 sq mi) |
 |
|
Tunisia Tunisian Republic |
Arabic: تونس — الجمهورية التونسية (Tūnis—Al Jumhūriyyah at Tūnisīyyah) |
Tunis Arabic: تونس (Tūnis)</ |
11,565,201 | 163,610 km2 (63,170 sq mi) |
 |
|
Uganda Republic of Uganda |
English: Uganda—Republic of Uganda Swahili: Uganda—Jamhuri ya Uganda |
Kampala English: Kampala Swahili: Kampala |
42,729,036 | 236,040 km2 (91,136 sq mi) |
 |
|
Zambia Republic of Zambia |
English: Zambia—Republic of Zambia | Lusaka English: Lusaka |
17,351,708 | 752,614 km2 (290,586 sq mi) |
 |
|
Zimbabwe Republic of Zimbabwe |
English: Zimbabwe—Republic of Zimbabwe | Harare English: Harare |
14,438,802 | 390,757 km2 (150,872 sq mi) |
States with limited or no international recognition[]
The following two entities have declared themselves to be sovereign states and are in control of some territory but have limited or no recognition from other states. Neither entity is a member state of the United Nations, although the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a member of the African Union.
| Flag | Map | English short name and formal name |
Status | Local short name(s) and formal name(s) |
Capital | Population | Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[n 6] | Claimed by Morocco as its southernmost provinces Recognized by the African Union and 39 UN members as the representative government of Western Sahara |
Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية (Al Jumhūrīyah al ‘Arabīyah aṣ Ṣaḥrāwīyah ad Dīmuqrāṭīyah) Spanish: República Árabe Saharaui Democrática |
El Aaiún (proclaimed)[n 7] Arabic: العيون (AlʿUyūn) Spanish: El Aaiún |
582,478 | 267,405 km2 (103,246 sq mi) |
 |
|
Somaliland Republic of Somaliland[14][15] |
State not controlled by Somalia[16] Recognized by no UN member[17][18] |
Arabic: أرض الصومال — جمهورية أرض الصومال (Arḍ aṣ Ṣūmāl—Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ Ṣūmāl) Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland |
Hargeisa Arabic: هرجيسا (Harjaysā) Somali: Hargeysa |
4,000,000 | 176,120 km2 (68,000 sq mi) |
Constituent parts of non-African states[]
The 10 political entities in this list are constituent parts of non-African states.
| Flag | Map | English short name and formal name |
Ruling power | Status[19] | Local short name(s) and formal name(s) |
Capital | Population | Area[13] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|
Canary Islands Autonomous Region of the Canary Islands |
 Spain
|
Autonomous community of Spain | Spanish: Islas Canarias | Santa Cruz and Las Palmas[20] Spanish: Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria |
2,207,225 | 7,447 km2 (2,875 sq mi) |
 |
|
Ceuta Autonomous City of Ceuta |
Autonomous city of Spain | Spanish: Ceuta—Ciudad autónoma de Ceuta | Ceuta Spanish: Ceuta |
84,843 | 28 km2 (11 sq mi) | |
 |
|
French Southern and Antarctic Lands[n 8] |  France
|
Overseas territory of France | French: Terres australes et antarctiques françaises | Saint Pierre[n 9] | No permanent population[21] | 38.60 km2 (15 sq mi) |
 |
|
Madeira Autonomous Region of Madeira |
 Portugal
|
Autonomous Region of Portugal | Portuguese: Madeira—Região Autónoma da Madeira | Funchal Portuguese: Funchal |
267,785 | 828 km2 (320 sq mi) |
 |
|
Mayotte Mayotte Region |
France
|
Overseas region and constituent part of the French Republic | French: Mayotte—Région Mayotte | Dzaoudzi (official) Mamoudzou (seat of prefect and departmental council) French: Mamoudzou |
266,380 | 374 km2 (144 sq mi) |
 |
|
Melilla Autonomous City of Melilla |
Spain
|
Autonomous city of Spain | Spanish: Melilla—Ciudad autónoma de Melilla | Melilla Spanish: Melilla |
84,714 | 20 km2 (8 sq mi) |
 |
|
Pelagie Islands |  Italy
|
Archipelago of Italy | Italian: Isole Pelagie Sicilian: Ìsuli Pilaggî |
Lampedusa e Linosa[n 10] Italian: Lampedusa e Linosa Sicilian: Lampidusa e Linusa |
6,304 | 21.4 km2 (8 sq mi) |
 |
|
Plazas de soberanía | Spain
|
Overseas territory of Spain | Spanish: Plazas de soberanía | N/A | 74 | 0.59 km2 (0.23 sq mi) |
|
|
|
Reunion Reunion Region |
France
|
Overseas region and constituent part of the French Republic | French: Réunion—Région Réunion | Saint-Denis French: Saint-Denis |
889,918 | 2,512 km2 (970 sq mi) |
 |
|
Socotra Archipelago |  Yemen
|
Governorate of Yemen | Arabic: أرخبيل سقطرى (ʾArḫabīl Suquṭrā) |
Hadibu Arabic: اديبو (Ḥādībū) |
60,550 | 3,974.64 km2 (1,535 sq mi) |
Dependent territory of a sovereign state[]
| Flag | Map | English short name and formal name |
Ruling power | Status[19] | Local short name and formal name |
Capital | Population | Area[13] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha |  United Kingdom
|
British Overseas Territory | English: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | Jamestown | 5,633 | 420 km2 (162 sq mi) |
See also[]
- List of African countries by area
- List of African countries by population
- List of African countries by population density
- List of African countries by GDP
- List of African countries by GDP (PPP)
Notes[]
- ^ Also known as Congo-Kinshasa and formerly as Zaire.
- ^ Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
- ^ Some territory could be argued to be a part of Asia or Africa.
- ^ Oyala is to be the future capital of Equatorial Guinea; currently under construction.
- ^ Also known as Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from neighboring Guinea-Bissau.
- ^ Occupies part of the territory of Western Sahara, disputed with Morocco.
- ^ Currently under Moroccan administration. Tifariti is the factual temporary capital, but Tindouf located in Algeria is the place of some government and military facilities.
- ^ Only the Îles Éparses are considered part of the African continent. The remaining four districts lie outside the continental shelf in the Indian Ocean or Antarctica.
- ^ The main station on the Îles Éparses is on Tromelin. The headquarters of the district chief, however, is Saint Pierre, in Réunion.
- ^ Geographically part of the archipelago (Lampedusa and Lampione) belongs to the African continent; politically and administratively, the islands fall within the Province of Agrigento in Sicily
References[]
- ^ "Member States". United Nations. Archived from the original on 2011-02-07. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
- ^ "Member States". African Union. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ "African Union Welcomes South Sudan as the 54th Member State of the Union". StarAfrica.com. 27 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
- ^ "African Union suspends Central African Republic after coup". Los Angeles Times. 25 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ^ "Africa Population (LIVE)". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Field Listing :: Names". CIA. Archived from the original on 2017-07-01. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "UNGEGN List of Country Names" (PDF). United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "List of countries, territories and currencies". Europa. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2013-07-16. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ "Field Listing :: Capital". CIA. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names". United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 29 July 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-08-01. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ^ ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- ^ ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Field Listing :: Area". CIA. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ Name used in The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, Somalia, (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.10.
- ^ "The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic" (PDF). University of Pretoria. 1 February 2004. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2010.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) "The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."
- ^ Lacey, Marc (5 June 2006). The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia Archived 2011-05-30 at WebCite. The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ^ "UN in Action: Reforming Somaliland's Judiciary" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Field Listing :: Dependency Status". CIA. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias en la Página Web Oficial del Gobierno de Canarias". .gobiernodecanarias.org. Archived from the original on 2011-01-20. Retrieved 2010-09-20.
- ^ "French Southern and Antarctic Lands". Retrieved 5 October 2014.
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