List of stadtholders for the Low Countries provinces
This is a list of stadtholders for the Low Countries provinces.
Background[]
The stadtholder originally was the representative of the Duchy of Burgundy, and later on, the Habsburg Monarchy in the Seventeen Provinces. After the Dutch Revolt against Habsburg Spain, the function was kept to honor the nobles which represented the Dutch Republic, without allowing the nobles to become monarchs.
Each province elected their own Stadtholder. During the Eighty Years' War, some areas had two stadholders: those nominated by the Habsburgs, and those elected by the individual provinces of the Dutch Republic.
By county, duchy, and lordship[]
County of Drenthe[]
- 1536–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg
- 1540–1548: Maximilian of Egmont
- 1549–1568: Jean de Ligne
- 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu
- 1572–1574: Gillis of Berlaymont
- 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles
- 1576–1581: George de Lalaing
- 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo
- 1595–1618: Frederik van den Bergh, in name only
- 1595–1620: William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg
- 1620–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange
- 1625–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
- 1632–1640: Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
- 1640–1647: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- 1647–1650: William II, Prince of Orange
- 1650–1664: William Frederick of Nassau-Dietz
- 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz
- 1696–1702: William III, Prince of Orange
- 1702–1722: Second Stadtholderless Period
- 1722–1751: William IV, Prince of Orange
- 1751–1795: William V, Prince of Orange
Lordship of Frisia[]
- 1515–1518: Floris van Egmont, Count of Buren
- 1518–1521: Wilhelm von Roggendorf
- 1522:Jancko Douwama, Frisian rebel
- 1521–1540: Georg Schenck van Tautenburg
- 1548–1559: Maximiliaan van Egmond, Count of Buren
- 1559–1568: Jean de Ligne, Count of Arenberg
- 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu, Count of Megen
- 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont, Lord of Hierges
- 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles
- 1576–1581: George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg, in the service of Phillip II
- 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo, in the service of Phillip II
- 1580–1584: William I, Prince of Orange
- 1584–1620: William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg
- 1620–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
- 1632–1640: Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
- 1640–1664: William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz
- 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz
- 1696–1711: John William Friso, Prince of Orange
- 1711–1747: William IV, Prince of Orange
Lordship of Groningen[]
- 1519–1522: Cristoffel van Meurs
- 1522–1530:
- 1530–1536: Charles of Guelders
- 1536: Ludolf Coenders
- 1536–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg
- 1540–1548: Maximiliaan van Egmond
- 1549–1568: Jean de Ligne, Duke of Aremberg
- 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu
- 1572–1574: Gillis van Berlaymont
- 1574–1576: Caspar de Robles
- 1576–1581: George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg
- 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo
- 1584–1620: William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg
- 1620–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange
- 1625–1632: Ernest Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
- 1632–1640: Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz
- 1640–1647: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- 1647–1650: William II, Prince of Orange
- 1650–1664: William Frederick of Nassau-Dietz
- 1664–1673: Albertine Agnes of Nassau, regentess for Hendrick Casimir II
- 1664–1696: Henry Casimir II of Nassau-Dietz
- 1696–1707: Henriette Amalia von Anhalt, regentess for Johan Willem Friso
- 1696–1711: John William Friso, Prince of Orange
- 1711–1729: Marie Louise von Hessen-Kassel, regentess for William IV
- 1711–1747: William IV, Prince of Orange
Duchy of Guelders[]
- 1473–1475: William IV of Egmont
- 1475–1476:
- 1474–1477: Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay
- 1480–1481:
- 1481–1492: Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
- 1492–1504: Guelders independent
- 1504–1505: Jan V of Nassau-Vianden-Diez
- 1505–1507: Philip of Burgundy
- 1507–1511: Floris van Egmond
- 1511–1543: Guelders independent
- 1543–1544: René of Châlon
- 1544–1555: Philip de Lalaing
- 1555–1560: Philip de Montmorency
- 1560–1572: Karel van Brimeu
- 1572–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont
- 1578–1581: Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg
- 1581–1585: William IV of Bergh
- 1585–1587: Claude de Berlaymont
- 1587–1626: Florent de Berlaymont
- 1584–1589: Adolf van Nieuwenaar
- 1590–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange
- 1625–1647: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- 1647–1650: William II, Prince of Orange
- 1650–1675: First Stadtholderless Period
- 1675–1702: William III, Prince of Orange
- 1702–1722: Second Stadtholderless Period
- 1722–1747: William IV, Prince of Orange
Upper Guelders[]
- 1502–1522:
- 1522–1543: Occupation by the Habsburgs
- 1543–1579: No stadtholder
- 1579–1589:
- 1589–1592:
- 1592–1593: Charles of Ligne
- 1593–1611: Herman van den Bergh
- 1611–1618: Frederik van den Bergh
- 1618–1632: Hendrik van den Bergh
- 1632–1637: Occupation by the Dutch Republic
- 1640–1646: Willem Bette
- 1646–1652:
- 1652–1680:
- 1680–1699: Johan Frans Desideratus of Nassau-Siegen
- 1699–1702: Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes
County of Hainaut[]
- 1477–1482: Adolph of Cleves
- 1482–1511: Philip I de Croÿ
- 1511–1521: Charles I de Croÿ
- 1521–1549: Philip II de Croÿ
- 1549–1558: Charles II de Lalaing
- 1558–1560: Charles de Brimeu
- 1560–1566: John IV of Glymes
- 1566–1574: Philip of Noircarmes
- 1574–1582: Philip de Lalaing
- 1582–1590: Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing
- 1592–1606: Charles III de Croÿ
- 1613–16Charles Bonaventure de Longueval :
- 1663–1674: Philippe François de Ligne
County of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht[]
The stadtholdership of Holland and Zealand has always been combined. Since the office was instituted there in 1528, the stadtholder of Utrecht has been the same as the one of Holland, with one exception. In 1572, William of Orange was elected as the stadtholder, although Philip II had appointed a different one.
During the First Stadtholderless Period, the provinces of Holland, Zealand and Utrecht were governed by their States free from autocratic intervention. The Second Stadtholderless Period in Holland ended when the Frisian stadtholder became hereditary stadtholder for all provinces of the Dutch Republic.
- 1433–1440: Hugo van Lannoy
- 1440–1445:
- 1445–1448:
- 1448–1462: Jean de Lannoy
- 1462–1477: Loys of Gruuthuse
- 1477–1480: Wolfert VI van Borselen
- 1480–1483: Joost de Lalaing
- 1483–1515: Jan III van Egmond
- 1515–1521: Henry III of Nassau-Breda
- 1522–1540: Antoon I van Lalaing
- 1540–1544: René of Châlon
- 1544–1546: Louis of Flanders
- 1547–1558: Maximilian II of Burgundy
- 1559–1567: William I, Prince of Orange
- 1567–1573: Maximilien de Hénin, 3rd Count of Bossu
- 1573–1574: Philip of Noircarmes
- 1574–1577: Gillis van Berlaymont
- 1572–1584: William I, Prince of Orange
- 1584–1589: Adolf van Nieuwenaar
- 1585–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange
- 1625–1647: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- 1647–1650: William II, Prince of Orange
- 1650–1672: First Stadtholderless Period
- 1672–1702: William III, Prince of Orange
- 1702–1747: Second Stadtholderless Period
Duchy of Luxemburg[]
- 1451–1475: Antoine I de Croÿ
- Philip I de Croÿ –1511:
- 1545–1552: Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort
- 1552–1555: Maarten van Rossum
- 1556–1558: Charles de Brimeu
- 1559–1604: Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort (second time)
- 1604–1626: Florent de Berlaymont
- 1648–1650: Philippe François de Croy, Duke of Havré
- 1654–1675:
- 1675–16 : (acting)
- 1680–1684:
- 1684–1686:
- 1686–1687: Louis-François de Boufflers
- 1687–1690: Nicolas Catinat
- 1697–1713:
- 1727–1734:
Lordship of Overijssel[]
- 1528–1540: Georg Schenck van Toutenburg
- 1540–1548: Maximiliaan van Egmond
- 1548–1568: Jean de Ligne
- 1568–1572: Charles de Brimeu
- 1572–1573: Gillis van Berlaymont
- 1573–1576: Caspar de Robles
- 1576–1581: George de Lalaing
- 1581–1594: Francisco Verdugo
- 1594–1618: Frederik van den Bergh
- 1584–1589: Adolf van Nieuwenaar
- 1590–1625: Maurice, Prince of Orange
- 1625–1647: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- 1647–1650: William II, Prince of Orange
- 1650–1675: First Stadtholderless period
- 1675–1702: William III, Prince of Orange
- 1702–1747: Second Stadtholderless period
- 1747–1751: William IV, Prince of Orange
- 1751–1795: William V, Prince of Orange
See also[]
- History of the Low Countries
- Lists of political office-holders in the Netherlands
- Political history of the Dutch Republic