List of super typhoons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Typhoon Haiyan on November 7, 2013, one of the strongest Pacific typhoons ever recorded.

Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has classified all typhoons in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean with wind speeds of at least 130 knots (67 m/s; 150 mph; 240 km/h)—the equivalent of a strong Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson scale, as super typhoons.[1] Since that year, 307 super typhoons have occurred in the basin, the latest being Typhoon Surigae in 2021. Only two Pacific typhoon seasons have not included at least 1 super typhoon, which were the 1949 Pacific typhoon season and 1974 Pacific typhoon season. The most typhoons to have reached this intensity in a single season is tied between 1965 and 1997, with 11 becoming super typhoons.

Background[]

See also: Typhoon

All typhoons that reach an intensity of at least 130 knots (150 mph; 240 km/h) are referred to by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as super typhoons.[1] The first typhoon to be identified as a "super typhoon" by the JTWC was Typhoon Rosalind of 1947, a high-end Category 4-equivalent typhoon.[2] From there on, 4 years later, Typhoon Iris in 1951 would become the first Category 5-equivalent typhoon referred to as a super typhoon ever recorded.[3] Tropical cyclones of these violent intensities occur much more often in the Western Pacific, due to the fact it is one of the most active tropical cyclone basins on the planet knowing to the fact it has the warmest sea surface temperatures, which tropical cyclones need to thrive.[4][5] Sufficient sea surface temperatures and the frequent passing of the Madden–Julian oscillation allow these cyclones to quickly intensify and blossom into violent storms.[5]

Since the first super typhoon was designated, approximately 306 other super typhoons have formed to date. The strongest (and also the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded) was Typhoon Tip in 1979, the costliest (also the costliest typhoon on record) was Typhoon Hagibis in 2019, the longest-lived was Typhoon Noru in 2017 and Typhoon Rita in 1972, and the deadliest was Typhoon Haiyan in the record-breaking 2013 Pacific typhoon season. Additionally, the earliest-forming super typhoon was Typhoon Karen in January 1948, and the latest recorded was Typhoon Nock-ten in December 2016.

Systems[]

Key
  • discontinuous duration Discontinuous duration (weakened below super typhoon status before restrengthening)

1947–1959[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Sustained wind speeds Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Notes
Rosalind October 8–9, 1947 24 hours 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) None None None First recorded super typhoon
Karen January 13, 1948 18 hours 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) None None None First and only super typhoon recorded in the month of January
Doris May 9–10, 1950 30 hours 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) None None None
Iris May 2–3, 1951 24 hours 909 hPa (26.84 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Chuuk, Philippines 9 $9.3 million First category 5-equivalent super typhoon
Olive September 16–17, 1952 42 hours 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) Wake Island None >$1.6 million
Wilma October 24–26, 1952 48 hours 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) Philippines 10 Unknown
Agnes November 2–4, 1952 54 hours 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) None None Unknown
Della November 26, 1952 18 hours 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Philippines, Taiwan Unknown Unknown
Hester December 30, 1952- January 1, 1953 60 hours 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) Guam None None
Kit June 29-July 1, 1953 60 hours 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Taiwan, East China, South Korea Unknown Unknown
Nina August 11-16, 1953 120 hours 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) East China Unknown Unknown
Tess September 21, 1953 12 hours 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Japan Unknown Unknown
Betty October 29, 1953 12 hours 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Philippines, Hainan Unknown Unknown
Doris December 18, 1953 6 hours 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) None None None
Ida August 23–24, 1954 24 hours 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) Philippines, Hainan Unknown Unknown
June September 7 and September 9, 1954 12 hours† 901 hPa (26.61 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Japan 107 Unknown
Pamela November 1–3 and November 5, 1954 84 hours† 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Philippines, Hong Kong Unknown Unknown One of the first recorded Category 5 typhoons in the South China Sea
Ruby November 6, 1954 18 hours 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) 270 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Luzon Unknown Unknown
Sally November 13–17, 1954 108 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Luzon Unknown Unknown
Clara July 10–11, 1955 24 hours 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Shandong Province Unknown Unknown
Kate September 23–24, 1955 24 hours 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Luzon Unknown Unknown
September 25–27, 1955 48 hours 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Japan Unknown Unknown
Patsy December 2, 1955 6 hours 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Philippines None None
Ruth December 15, 1955 36 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 330 kilometres per hour (210 mph) None None None
Thelma April 19–21, 1956 48 hours 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) None None None
Wanda July 29-August 2, 1956 96 hours 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) Taiwan, East China 4,935 Unknown Deadliest typhoon of the 1950s
Emma September 8–9, 1956 36 hours 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Ryukyu Islands 77 $8 million
Gilda September 21–22, 1956 24 hours 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Philippines, Taiwan Unknown Unknown
Jean October 20–21, 1956 24 hours 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Philippines Unknown Unknown
Rose January 24, 1957 18 hours 952 hPa (28.11 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) None None None
Virginia June 21–30, 1957 90 hours 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Philippines, Taiwan, East China, Japan 86 $20 million
Agnes August 8, 1957 18 hours 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Japan, South Korea Unknown Unknown
Faye September 20, 1957 18 hours 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) None None None
Hester October 8, 1957 12 hours 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Japan Unknown Unknown
Judy October 23–24, 1957 24 hours 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Japan Unknown Unknown
Lola November 14–18, 1957 96 hours 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) None None None
Ophelia January 13–14, 1958 30 hours 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Marshall Islands None Minor
Phyllis May 26–30, 1958 96 hours 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) None None None Strongest typhoon in May at the time, before being surpassed by Typhoon Damrey in 2000
Winnie July 15, 1958 12 hours† 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Taiwan Unknown Unknown
Alice July 19–20, 1958 18 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Japan Unknown Unknown
Doris July 25–27, 1958 48 hours 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Japan Unknown Unknown
Grace September 1–2, 1958 42 hours 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) East China Unknown Unknown
Helen September 13–14, 1958 30 hours 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Japan Unknown Unknown
Ida September 23–26, 1958 72 hours 877 hPa (25.90 inHg) 325 kilometres per hour (202 mph) Japan 1,269 $50 million Most intense Pacific typhoon at the time, before being surpassed by Typhoon June in 1975.
Nancy November 24–25, 1958 24 hours 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) None None None
Joan August 28–30, 1959 48 hours 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) 315 kilometres per hour (196 mph) East China None None
Sarah September 14–15, 1959 30 hours 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) East China, South Korea >2,000 >$102 million
Vera September 23–26, 1959 78 hours 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) East China, Japan >5,000 >$261 million One of the strongest typhoons to ever strike Japan
Charlotte October 12–14, 1959 48 hours 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) 270 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Okinawa 46 >$300 thousand
Dinah October 17–21, 1959 102 hours 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Japan None None
Gilda December 16–18, 1959 54 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Philippines, Vietnam 23 $1.5 million
51 systems January 13, 1948 – December 19, 1959 877 mb 325 kilometres per hour (202 mph) 13,562 deaths $435.7 million

1960–1969[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Sustained wind speeds Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Notes
Shirley July 30–31, 1960 18 hours 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Taiwan, East China None None
Ophelia December 1–2, 1960 30 hours 928 hPa (27.40 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Ulithi Atoll, Yap 7 Unknown First super typhoon name retired[6]
Tess March 28–29, 1961 30 hours 940 hPa (27.75 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) None None None
Pamela September 11, 1961 18 hours 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) Taiwan, East China 98 dead, 27 missing $5 million
Nancy September 9–15, 1961 144 hours 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) 345 kilometres per hour (214 mph) Guam, Ryukyu Islands, Japan 202 dead, 8 missing $500 million Once considered to have had the strongest wind speeds ever recorded in a tropical cyclone prior to more reliable measurements from Hurricane Patricia[7]
Tilda September 29–October 2, 1961 54 hours 925 hPa (27.31 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Ryukyu Islands, East China 2 Unknown
Violet October 6–8, 1961 60 hours 895 hPa (26.42 inHg) 335 kilometres per hour (208 mph) Japan None None
Dot October 9–12, 1961 66 hours 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Guam, Northern Mariana Islands None Unknown

1970–1979[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs

1980–1989[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs

1990–1999[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs

2000–2009[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Sustained wind speeds Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Damrey May 9–10, 2000 20 hours 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) Caroline Islands None None

2010–2019[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Sustained wind speeds Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Megi October 17–18, 2010 30 hours 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) Philippines, Southeastern China, Taiwan 69 $709 million [8][9][10][11]
Songda May 16, 2011 30 hours 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Micronesia, Philippines, Japan 17 $287 million [8][12][13][14]
Muifa July 30, 2011 6 hours 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Micronesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China, South Korea, North Korea, Russia 22 $480 million [8][15][16][17][18]
Nanmadol August 26–27, 2011 24 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Philippines, Taiwan, China, 38 $1.49 billion
Nalgae September 30, 2011 12 hours 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Philippines, China, Vietnam 18 $250 million
Guchol
Sanba
Jelawat
Bopha
Utor
Usagi
Francisco
Lekima
Haiyan
Neoguri
Rammasun
Halong
Genevieve
Phanfone
Vongfong
Nuri November 2–4, 2014 42 hours 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) Japan None Minimal [8]
Hagupit
Higos February 10, 2015 6 hours 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) None None None [8]
Maysak
Noul
Dolphin
Nangka
Soudelor
Atsani August 19–20, 2015 36 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Mariana Islands None None [8]
Dujuan
Koppu
Nepartak
Meranti
Chaba
Songda October 11, 2016 6 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Pacific Northwest None Unknown [8]
Haima
Nock-ten
Noru
Lan
Jelawat March 30, 2018 6 hours 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) Caroline Islands None None [8]
Maria
Jebi
Mangkhut
Trami September 24–25, 2018 30 hours 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Japan, Russian Far East, Alaska 4 $2.69 billion [8][19][20]
Kong-rey October 1–2, 2018 30 hours 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Federated States of Micronesia, Japan, South Korea, East China, Taiwan 3 $171.5 million [8][21][22][23][24][25]
Yutu October 24–28, 2018 108 hours 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Caroline Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Philippines, South China 30 $855 million [8][26][27][28][29][30]
Wutip February 23 & 25, 2019 26 hours† 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) 270 kilometres per hour (170 mph) Guam, Federated States of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands None $3.3 million [8][31][32]
Lekima August 8, 2019 18 hours 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph) Caroline Islands, East China, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Malaysia 105 $9.28 billion [8][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]
Hagibis October 7–10, 2019 66 hours† 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) Mariana Islands, Japan, Russia, Alaska 99 $15 billion [8][42]
Bualoi October 22, 2019 12 hours 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands None None [8]
Halong November 5–6, 2019 30 hours 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) None None None [8]

2020–2029[]

Name Dates as a
super typhoon[nb 1] 		Duration
(hours) 		Pressure Sustained
wind speeds 		Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Haishen September 4, 2020 24 hours 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph) Mariana Islands, Japan, Korean Peninsula 4 $100 million [43][44]
Goni October 30 – November 1, 2020 54 hours 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) 315 kilometres per hour (195 mph) Philippines, Vietnam 26 $392 million [45][46][47]
Surigae April 16, 2021 – April 18, 2021 48 hours 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) Caroline Islands, Palau, Sulawesi, Philippines 10 $10.5 million

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2008-03-31). "What are the description labels used with tropical cyclones by JTWC?". Joint Typhoon Warning Center – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  2. ^ "Super Typhoon ROSALIND (1947279N23145)". IBTRACS.
  3. ^ China Meteorological Administration. "China Meteorological Administration Best Track Data For the 1951 Pacific Typhoon Season". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  4. ^ Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season?". NOAA. Retrieved July 25, 2006.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b James B. Elsner; Kam-Biu Liu (2003-10-08). "Examining the ENSO-Typhoon Hypothesis" (PDF). Climate Research. 25: 43. Bibcode:2003ClRes..25...43E. doi:10.3354/cr025043. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  6. ^ "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Ophelia" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1961. pp. 158–167. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  7. ^ NOAA Tropical Cyclone FAQ Subject E1 Archived December 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine accessed March 7, 2006
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Western North Pacific Ocean Best Track Data". www.metoc.navy.mil. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  9. ^ Sitrep No. 27 re Effects for Typhoon "Juan" (Megi) (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  10. ^ "梅姬(MEGI)". 中央氣象局颱風警報發布概況表 (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved June 7, 2013.[dead link]
  11. ^ "Typhoon Megi Causes 2.8 Bln Yuan in Economic Losses in E. China". CRI English. December 8, 2010. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  12. ^ 保険支払い２０億円に 台風２号. Okinawa Times (in Japanese). June 23, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-06-24. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  13. ^ NDRRMC Update SitRep No. 15 on Typhoon "Chedeng" (Songda) (PDF) (Report). May 31, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  14. ^ "Typhoon Songda Floods Strike Japan Disaster Zone". www.earthweek.com. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  15. ^ "NDRRMC Update re SitRep No. 12 on Typhoon "KABAYAN" (MUIFA)" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  16. ^ "Muifa downgrades, rain continues in northeast China". Xinhua News Agency. August 9, 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-02-02. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  17. ^ "(2nd LD) Typhoon Muifa passes S. Korea along west coast, killing 4". Yonhap News Agency. August 8, 2011. Archived from the original on 2018-08-23. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  18. ^ "NKorea: Tropical storm causes casualties, damage". Taiwan News. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  19. ^ Shintaku, Ayumi; Shibata, Hidenami (May 21, 2019). "自然災害保険金、過去最高の１．６兆円支払い 値上げへ" [Natural disaster insurance money, record high 1.6 trillion yen payment price increase]. Asashi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  20. ^ 平成３０年台風第２４号による被害及び 消防機関等の対応状況（第９報） (PDF) (Report) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  21. ^ "農作物の台風被害拡大 沖縄、２４号と２５号で２０億円" (in Japanese). Ryūkyū Shimpō. October 10, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  22. ^ "農林水産被害１２０億円 台風２４、２５号で県確定" (in Japanese). Miyazaki Nichinichi Shinbun. November 16, 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  23. ^ "정부, 태풍 콩레이 피해복구비 2360억 지원" (in Korean). Newsis. 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  24. ^ "Tropical Storm Kong-rey Leaves 2 Dead, 1 Missing In South Korea | The Weather Channel". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  25. ^ "Typhoon "Connie" hits South Korea and Japan, 2 people die, 1 person is missing, 1 person is dead" (in Chinese). 2021-03-18.
  26. ^ Perez, Jon (June 11, 2019). "FEMA estimates $135M for NMI". Saipan Tribune. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  27. ^ Global Catastrophe Recap October 2018 (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  28. ^ Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio (October 26, 2018). "Humanitarian crisis looms after Super Typhoon Yutu flattens parts of Saipan and Tinian". USA Today. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  29. ^ Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio (October 29, 2018). "Second death reported as a result of Super Typhoon Yutu". Pacific Daily News. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  30. ^ "Man dies while surfing during typhoon in Shek O". Asia Times. November 1, 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  31. ^ "Preliminary cost estimate of Wutip: More than $1.3 million". Guam Pacific Daily News. March 1, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  32. ^ Losinio, Louella (April 12, 2019). "Post-Wutip damages to FSM cost at least $2M". Pacific News Center. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  33. ^ Sitrep No.18 Preparedness Measures and effects of the Southwest Monsoon (PDF) (Report). NDRRMC. August 16, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  34. ^ 台風農水被害３億円／９号県速報 サトウキビ96% [Typhoon No.9 costs agriculture 300 million yen / Prefecture government released breaking estimate as 96% of sugarcane harvest lost]. Okinawa Times (in Japanese). August 11, 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-13. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  35. ^ 陳宛茜 (August 9, 2019). 利奇馬颱風來襲 教育部初估學校災損524萬. United Daily News (in Chinese). Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  36. ^ 利奇马酿成我国近年来最严重台风灾害 (in Chinese). 中国气象爱好者. August 18, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  37. ^ "Typhoon Lekima causes RM60.2 million in losses in agrofood industry – Sim". Bernama. August 18, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  38. ^ Macairan, Evelyn (August 5, 2019). "Death toll in Iloilo sea tragedy hits 31". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  39. ^ 王長鼎 (August 10, 2019). 利奇馬風災2死15傷 8萬戶停電. United Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2019-08-10. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  40. ^ CMA (November 14, 2019). Member Report: China (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  41. ^ 暴风雨席卷吉打1死1失踪. Oriental Daily News Malaysia (in Chinese). August 10, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  42. ^ Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight 2019 Annual Report (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  43. ^ "Haishen Best Track". ssd.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  44. ^ Global Catastrophe Recap September 2020 (PDF). thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  45. ^ "Goni Best Track". ssd.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  46. ^ Global Catastrophe Recap November 2020 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  47. ^ "Báo cáo nhanh công tác trực ban PCTT ngày 07/11/2020" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Disaster Management Authority. November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Dates are given in Coordinated Universal Time.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""