List of web browsers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Timeline representing the history of various web browsers

The following is a list of web browsers that are notable.

Historical[]

A rough estimate of usage share by percent of layout engines of web browsers as of Q2 2009, see usage share of web browsers.
See also: Timeline of web browsers

This is a table of personal computer web browsers by year of release of major version. The increased growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s means that current browsers with small market shares have more total users than the entire market early on. For example, 90% market share in 1997 would be roughly 60 million users, but by the start of 2007 9% market share would equate to over 90 million users.[1]

Year Web browsers
1990 WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
1991 Line Mode Browser
1992 ViolaWWW, Erwise, MidasWWW, MacWWW (Samba)
1993 Mosaic, Cello,[2] Lynx 2.0, Arena, AMosaic 1.0
1994 IBM WebExplorer, Netscape Navigator, SlipKnot 1.0, MacWeb, IBrowse, Agora (Argo), Minuet
1995 Internet Explorer 1, Internet Explorer 2, Netscape Navigator 2.0, OmniWeb, UdiWWW,[3], Grail
1996 Arachne 1.0, Internet Explorer 3.0, Netscape Navigator 3.0, Opera 2.0,
PowerBrowser 1.5,[4] Cyberdog, Amaya 0.9,[5] AWeb, Voyager
1997 Internet Explorer 4.0, Netscape Navigator 4.0, Netscape Communicator 4.0, Opera 3.0[6], Amaya 1.0[5]
1998 iCab, Mozilla
1999 Amaya 2.0,[5] Mozilla M3, Internet Explorer 5.0
2000 Konqueror, Netscape 6, Opera 4,[7] Opera 5,[8] K-Meleon 0.2, Amaya 3.0[5], Amaya 4.0[5]
2001 Internet Explorer 6, Galeon 1.0, Opera 6[9], Amaya 5.0[5]
2002 Netscape 7, Mozilla 1.0, Phoenix 0.1, Links 2.0, Amaya 6.0,[5] Amaya 7.0[5]
2003 Opera 7,[10] Apple Safari 1.0, Epiphany 1.0, Amaya 8.0[5]
2004 Firefox 1.0, Netscape Browser, OmniWeb 5.0
2005 Opera 8,[11] Apple Safari 2.0, Netscape Browser 8.0, Epiphany 1.8, Amaya 9.0[5], AOL Explorer 1.0, Maxthon 1.0, Shiira 1.0
2006 Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9,[12], SeaMonkey 1.0, K-Meleon 1.0, Galeon 2.0, Camino 1.0, Avant 11, iCab 3
2007 Apple Safari 3.0, Maxthon 2.0, Netscape Navigator 9, NetSurf 1.0, Flock 1.0, Conkeror
2008 Google Chrome 1, Mozilla Firefox 3, Opera 9.5,[13], Apple Safari 3.1, Konqueror 4, Amaya 10.0[5], Flock 2, Amaya 11.0[5]
2009 Google Chrome 2–3, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Internet Explorer 8, Opera 10,[14], Apple Safari 4, SeaMonkey 2, Camino 2, surf, Pale Moon 3.0[15]
2010 Google Chrome 4–8, Mozilla Firefox 3.6, Opera 10.50,[16], Opera 11, Apple Safari 5, K-Meleon 1.5.4, xxxterm
2011 Google Chrome 9–16, Mozilla Firefox 4-9, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.50, Apple Safari 5.1, Maxthon 3.0, SeaMonkey 2.1–2.6
2012 Google Chrome 17–23, Mozilla Firefox 10–17, Internet Explorer 10, Opera 12, Apple Safari 6, Maxthon 4.0, SeaMonkey 2.7-2.14
2013 Google Chrome 24–31, Mozilla Firefox 18–26, Internet Explorer 11, Opera 15–18, Pale Moon 15.4-24.2.2[17], Apple Safari 7, SeaMonkey 2.15-2.23
2014 Google Chrome 32–39, Mozilla Firefox 27–34, Opera 19–26, Pale Moon 24.3.0-25.1.0[17], Apple Safari 8, SeaMonkey 2.24-2.30
2015 Google Chrome 40–47, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox 35–43, Opera 27–34, Pale Moon 25.2.0-25.8.1[17], Vivaldi
2016 Google Chrome 48–55, Mozilla Firefox 44–50, Microsoft Edge 14, Opera 35–42, Pale Moon 26.0.0-27.0.3[17], Apple Safari 10, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30
2017 Google Chrome 56–60, Microsoft Edge 15, Mozilla Firefox 51–55.0.2, Opera 43–45, Opera Neon, Pale Moon 27.1.0-27.6.2[17], Basilisk
2018 Chrome 64–71, Firefox 58–64, Microsoft Edge 42-44, Opera 50-57, Pale Moon 27.7.0-28.2.2[17][18], Safari 12, Vivaldi 1.14–2.2
2019 Chrome 72–79, Firefox 65–71, Microsoft Edge, Opera 58–65, Pale Moon 28.3.0-28.8.0, Safari 13, SeaMonkey, Vivaldi 2.3-2.10, Yandex.browser

Layout engines[]

  • Gecko is developed by the Mozilla Foundation.
    • Goanna is a fork of Gecko developed by Moonchild Productions.
  • Servo is an experimental web browser layout engine being developed cooperatively by Mozilla and Samsung.
  • Presto was developed by Opera Software for use in Opera. Development stopped as Opera transitioned to Blink.
  • Trident is developed by Microsoft for use in the Windows versions of Internet Explorer 4 to Internet Explorer 11.
    • EdgeHTML is the engine developed by Microsoft for Edge. It is a largely rewritten fork of Trident with all legacy code removed.
  • Tasman was developed by Microsoft for use in Internet Explorer 5 for Macintosh.
  • KHTML is developed by the KDE project.
    • WebKit is a fork of KHTML by Apple Inc. used in Apple Safari, and formerly in Chromium and Google Chrome.
      • Blink is a 2013 fork of WebKit's WebCore component by Google used in Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, and Vivaldi.[19]

Graphical[]

Current and maintained projects are listed in boldface.

Trident shells[]

Other software publishers have built browsers and other products around Microsoft's Trident engine. The following browsers are all based on that rendering engine:

Gecko-based[]

  • Camino for Mac OS X (formerly Chimera)[20]
  • Conkeror, keyboard-driven browser
  • Galeon, GNOME's old default browser
  • K-Meleon for Windows
    • K-MeleonCCF ME for Windows (based on K-Meleon core, mostly written in Lua)
    • K-Ninja for Windows (based on K-Meleon)
  • MicroB (for Maemo)
  • Minimo (for mobile)
  • Mozilla Firefox (formerly Firebird and Phoenix)
    • AT&T Pogo (based on Firefox)
    • Cliqz, a fork of the Firefox web browser
    • CometBird, an optimized fork of Firefox
    • Comodo IceDragon (Firefox-based web browser for Windows)
    • Flock (was based on Firefox until version 2.6.1, and based on Chromium thereafter)
    • Iceweasel, Debian's Firefox rebrand
    • GNU IceCat, GNU's fork of Firefox
    • Netscape Browser 8 to Netscape Navigator 9
    • TenFourFox (Firefox port to PowerPC versions of Mac OS X)
    • Timberwolf, AmigaOS' Firefox rebrand
    • Tor Browser, patched Firefox ESR for browsing in Tor anonymity network
    • Swiftfox (processor-optimised builds based on Firefox)
    • Swiftweasel (processor-optimised builds based on Iceweasel)
    • Waterfox (Firefox-based web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux)
    • xB Browser (formerly XeroBank Browser and Torpark), portable browser for anonymous browsing, originally based on Firefox
  • Firefox for mobile (codenamed Fennec)
  • Mozilla Application Suite
  • Skyfire (for mobile)
  • SlimBrowser
  • Yahoo! Browser (or partnership browsers e.g. "AT&T Yahoo! Browser"; "Verizon Yahoo! Browser"; "BT Yahoo! Browser", etc.)

Goanna-based[]

  • Basilisk – similar to Pale Moon, but with the interface of Firefox 29–56 and a few other differences
  • K-Meleon – starting from version 77 (2019)
  • Pale Moon – a fork of Firefox that maintains support for XUL/XPCOM extensions and retains the user interface of the Firefox 4–28 era
  • Mypal - a fork of the last version of Pale Moon that supports Windows XP. Its primary goal is to support Windows XP and above Computers.

Gecko- and Trident-based[]

Browsers that use both Trident and Gecko include:

Webkit- and Trident-based[]

  • Maxthon (up till version 4.2)
  • QQ browser

Blink- and Trident-based[]

  • Baidu Browser
  • Maxthon (since version 4.2)

Gecko-, Trident-, and Blink- based[]

Browsers that can use Trident, Gecko and Blink include:

KHTML-based[]

Presto-based[]

WebKit-based[]

Status Browser
Aloha Browser (iOS and Android)
experimental Amazon Kindle
discontinued Arora
discontinued BOLT browser
Google Chrome for iOS
Dolphin Browser (Android and Bada)
Dooble (qtwebkit version discontinued) (up to Version 1.56)
Firefox for iOS
discontinued Flock (version 3.0 and above)
iCab (version 4 uses WebKit; earlier versions used its own rendering engine)
discontinued Iris Browser
Konqueror (version 4 can use WebKit as an alternative to its native KHTML[25])
Maxthon (version 3.0 and above)
Microsoft Edge for iOS
Midori
Nintendo 3DS NetFront Browser NX
discontinued OmniWeb
Otter Browser (uses Blink and WebKit; aims to recreate the features of old Opera)
discontinued OWB
discontinued QtWeb
qutebrowser (a Blink-based backend is currently used by default.)
Roccat Browser
discontinued Rekonq
Safari
discontinued PhantomJS (a headless browser)
discontinued Shiira
discontinued SlimBoat[26]
discontinued Steel for Android
surf
discontinued Uzbl
GNOME Web (Epiphany)
discontinued Web Browser for S60, used in all Nokia Symbian smartphones
discontinued webOS, used in the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, Pre 2, HP Veer, Pre 3, and TouchPad mobile devices
WebPositive, browser in Haiku
discontinued xombrero

Blink-based[]

EdgeHTML-based[]

  • Microsoft Edge (discontinued, now using Blink)[30]

For Java platform[]

Specialty browsers[]

See also: Augmented browsing, List of augmented browsing software, and Site-specific browser

Browsers created for enhancements of specific browsing activities.

Current[]

  • SpaceTime (Search the web in 3D)
  • ZAC Browser (For children with autism, autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), and PDD-NOS)

Discontinued[]

  • Flock (To enhance social networking, blogging, photo-sharing, and RSS news-reading)
  • Ghostzilla (Blends into the GUI to hide activity)
  • Gollum browser (Created specially for browsing Wikipedia)
  • Kirix Strata (Designed for data analytics)
  • Miro (A media browser that integrates BitTorrent add-on)
  • Nightingale (open source audio player and web browser based on the Songbird (see below) media player source code)
  • Prodigy Classic (Executable only within the application)
  • RockMelt (Designed to combine web browsing, and social activities such as Facebook and Twitter into a unified one window experience)
  • Songbird (browser with advanced audio streaming features and built-in media player with library.)

Mosaic-based[]

Mosaic was the first widely used web browser. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) licensed the technology and many companies built their own web browser on Mosaic. The best known are the first versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape.

Others[]

  • Abaco (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Linux[31])
  • Amaya
  • Arachne (for DOS and Linux)
  • Arena
  • Ariadna (AMSD Ariadna) (first Russian web browser)
  • AWeb (AmigaOS)
  • Baidu Mobile Browser
  • Charon (for Inferno)
  • Dillo (for lower-end computers)
  • DR-WebSpyder (for DOS)
  • Embrowser (for DOS)
  • Flow browser
  • Gazelle (from Microsoft Research, OS-like)
  • IBrowse (for AmigaOS)
  • Mothra (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs)
  • NetPositive (for BeOS)
  • NetSurf (an open source web browser originally for RISC OS and GTK, e.g. Linux, Windows and more platforms, written in C)
  • Phoenix, a browser based on tkWWW
  • Planetweb browser (for Dreamcast)
  • Qihoo 360 mobile browsers
  • tkWWW, based on Tcl
  • Voyager (for AmigaOS)

Mobile browsers[]

Main article: Mobile browser

Text-based[]

Main article: Text-based web browser

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "History and Growth of the Internet". Internet World Stats. June 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  2. ^ Brennan, Elaine (June 13, 1993). "World Wibe Web Browser: Ms-Windows (Beta) (1/149)". Humanist Archives Vol. 7. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  3. ^ Großmann, Prof. Dr. Hans Peter. "Department of Information Resource Management". University of Ulm. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  4. ^ "Oracle Introduces PowerBrowser". Oracle Corporation. June 18, 1996. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l "Release history". W3C. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
  6. ^ "Opera Software Releases 3.60" (Press release). Opera Software. May 12, 1998. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  7. ^ "Opera 4.0 for Windows Released" (Press release). Opera Software. June 27, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
  8. ^ "The Browser War Lights Up in Europe" (Press release). Opera Software. December 6, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
  9. ^ "Opera 6.0 for Windows launched after record-breaking beta" (Press release). Opera Software. November 29, 2001. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  10. ^ "Opera 7 Ready to Rock the Web" (Press release). Opera Software. January 28, 2003. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  11. ^ "Speed, Security and Simplicity: Opera 8 Web Browser Released Today" (Press release). Opera Software. April 19, 2005. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  12. ^ "Your Web, Your Choice: Opera 9 Gives You the Control" (Press release). Opera Software. June 20, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
  13. ^ "Opera redefines Web browsing yet again" (Press release). Opera Software. June 12, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
  14. ^ "Turbocharge your Web experience with Opera 10" (Press release). Opera Software. September 1, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
  15. ^ "History of the Pale Moon project". Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  16. ^ "The world's fastest browser for Windows" (Press release). Oslo, Norway: Opera Software. March 2, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "General information". Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  18. ^ "Pale Moon: Release notes". Retrieved December 23, 2018.
  19. ^ http://caminobrowser.org Camino reaches its end
  20. ^ "Try Avant Browser 2012 for a Choice of Rendering Engines". PC World. January 3, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  21. ^ "Have it all: Lunascape, the browser with three engines". CNET News. November 24, 2008. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  22. ^ "300 million users and move to WebKit". Opera Developer News.
  23. ^ "Surprise: Opera 12.18 has been released – gHacks Tech News". gHacks Technology News. February 16, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  24. ^ "Projects/WebKit/Part — KDE TechBase". KDE TechBase. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
  25. ^ "Slimboat". slimboat.com. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  26. ^ JoWa, Product Translator, Global Moderator (May 2, 2014). "Blink, since v. 28". Comodo Group, Inc. Retrieved April 21, 2017.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "Microsoft Edge: Making the web better through more open source collaboration". Microsoft Windows Blog. Microsoft. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  28. ^ "A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers". Opera. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  29. ^ "The new Microsoft Edge is now mandatory in Windows 10 20H2". News, Reviews and Technical Support. BleepingComputer. October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  30. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links[]

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