Liver (1786 ship)

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History
Kingdom of Great Britain
NameLiver
NamesakeLiver bird
Launched1786, Liverpool
FateCaptured 1797
General characteristics
Tons burthen
Complement
Armament
  • 1793: 12 × 3&4-pounder guns[2]
  • 1795:12 × 3&4-pounder guns[2]

Liver was launched at Liverpool in 1786, probably as a fishing smack. She was lengthened in 1790. Liver then made four complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved peoples. A French privateer captured her in 1797 as she was approaching the West Indies on her fifth voyage.

Career[]

On 8 April 1790 the merchant George Case, one of numerous owners of the fishing smack Liver bought out all the other owners.[1]

Liver first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1790. In 1790 Liver was raised and lengthened.[3]

Year Master Owner Trade Source & notes
1790 Jn.Ford George Case Liverpool–Africa LR; lengthened and raised 1790

1st slave voyage (1790–1791): Captain John Ford sailed from Liverpool on 18 August 1790, bound for West Africa. Liver acquired her slaves at New Calabar and sailed from Africa on 27 March 1791. She arrived at Grenada in May with 172 slaves. She arrived back at Liverpool on 28 July 1791. She had left Liverpool with 17crew members and she suffered eight crew deaths on the voyage.[4]

2nd slave voyage (1792–1793): Captain Hamlet Mullion sailed from 9 March 1792 bound for West Africa. Liver started acquiring slaves on 5 July and departed Africa on 9 November. She arrived at Kingston on 30 December 2ith 226 slaves, four having died on the voyage. She sailed from Kingston on 1 February 1793 and arrived back at Liverpool on 23 March. She had left with 17 crew members and suffered no crew deaths on the voyage.[5]

War with France had broken out before Liver again sailed on a slave trading voyage. Captain Mullion acquired a letter of marque on 31 October 1793.[2]

3rd slave voyage (1793–1795): Captain Mullion sailed from Liverpool on 18 November 1793. Liver acquired her slaves at Cape Lopez. She arrived at Grenada on 22 December 1794 with 210 slaves. She returned to Liverpool on 4 March 1795. She had left Liverpoo with 27 crew members and she had suffered seven crew deaths on the voyage.[6]

4th slave voyage (1795-1796): Captain Philip Kewish acquired a letter of marque on 12 June 1795.[2] He sailed from Liverpool on 4 July 1795. Liver acquired her slaves in Gabon and then at Cape Lopez. She arrived at Martinique on 4 June 1796 with 219 slaves. She arrived back at Liverpool on 26 July. She had left Liverpool with 19 crew members and she had suffered nine crew deaths on her voyage.[7]

Fate[]

Captain Kewish sailed from Liverpool on 8 October 1796.[8] Lloyd's List reported in October 1797 that Liver, Kevish, late master, had been taken to the windward of Barbados. She had been on her way from Africa to the West Indies.[9]

It is presumed that the slaves on Lever were delivered to a French colony in the West Indies.[8] The actual date and location of Kewish's death is unknown.[10]

Citations and references[]

Citations

  1. ^ a b Craig & Jarvis (1967), pp. 27–28.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Letter of Marque, p.73 – Retrieved 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  3. ^ LR (1790), Seq.N.L345.
  4. ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Liver voyage #82313.
  5. ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Liver voyage #82314.
  6. ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Liver voyage #82315.
  7. ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Liver voyage #82316.
  8. ^ a b Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Liver voyage #82317.
  9. ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2961. 6 October 1797. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  10. ^ Behrendt (1990), p. 135.

References

  • [1] Behrendt, Stephen D., (1990) "The Captains of the British slave trade from 1785 to 1807". Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Vol.140.
  • Craig, Robert; Jarvis, Rupert (1967). Liverpool Registry of Merchant Ships. Series 3. Vol. 15. Manchester University Press for the Chetham Society.
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