Lord Privy Seal
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| Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal | |
|---|---|
 Royal Arms used by Her Majesty's Government | |
| Style | The Right Honourable |
| Type | Great Officer of State |
| Appointer | The Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister |
| Term length | At Her Majesty's Pleasure |
| Formation | 1307 |
| First holder | William Melton |
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The Lord Privy Seal (or, more formally, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal) is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord President of the Council and above the Lord Great Chamberlain. Originally, its holder was responsible for the monarch's personal (privy) seal (as opposed to the Great Seal of the Realm, which is in the care of the Lord Chancellor) until the use of such a seal became obsolete. The office is currently one of the traditional sinecure offices of state or may be referred to as Minister without Portfolio. Today, the holder of the office is invariably given a seat in the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.
Though one of the oldest offices in European governments, it has no particular function today because the use of a privy seal has been obsolete for centuries; thus the office has generally been used as a kind of minister without portfolio. Since the premiership of Clement Attlee, the position of Lord Privy Seal has frequently been combined with that of Leader of the House of Lords or Leader of the House of Commons. The office of Lord Privy Seal, unlike those of Leader of the Lords or Commons, is eligible for a ministerial salary under the Ministerial and other Salaries Act 1975.[1] The office does not confer membership of the House of Lords, leading to Ernest Bevin's remark on holding this office that he was "neither a Lord, nor a Privy, nor a Seal".[2]
During the reign of Edward I, prior to 1307, the Privy Seal was kept by the Controller of the Wardrobe.[3] The Lord Privy Seal was the president of the Court of Requests during its existence.
List of Lord Keepers of the Privy Seal[]
Lord Keepers of the Privy Seal (c. 1307–1714)[]
| Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Monarch (Reign) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| William Melton (died 1340) |
1307 | 1312 | Edward II (1307–1327) |
| Roger Northburgh (died 1358) |
1312 | 1316 | |
| Thomas Charlton (died 1344) |
1316 | 1320 | |
| Robert Baldock Archdeacon of Middlesex (died 1327) |
1320 | 1323 | |
| Robert Wodehouse (died 1346) |
1323 | 1323 | |
| 1323 | 1324 | ||
| William Ayermin (died 1336) |
1324 | 1325 | |
| Henry de Cliff (died 1334) |
1325 | 1325 | |
| 1325 | 1326 | ||
| Robert Wyvil (died 1375) |
1326 | 1327 | |
| Richard Airmyn (died c. 1340) |
1327 | 1328 | Edward III (1327–1377) |
| 1328 | 1329 | ||
| Richard Bury Bishop of Durham (1287–1345) |
1329 | 1334 | |
| 1334 | 1334 | ||
| 1334 | 1335 | ||
| William de la Zouch (died 1352) |
1335 | 1337 | |
| Richard Bintworth (died 1339) |
1337 | 1338 | |
| 1338 | 1342 | ||
| John de Ufford (died 1349) |
1342 | 1344 | |
| Thomas Hatfield (died 1381) |
1344 | 1345 | |
| John Thoresby Master of the Rolls (died 1473) |
1345 | 1347 | |
| Simon Islip Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1366) |
1347 | 1350 | |
| Michael Northburgh Archdeacon of Suffolk (died 1361) |
1350 | 1354 | |
| 1354 | 1355 | ||
| 1355 | 1360 | ||
| John Buckingham Bishop of Lincoln (died 1399) |
1360 | 1363 | |
| William of Wykeham Archdeacon of Lincoln (died 1358) |
1363 | 1367 | |
| Peter Lacy (c. 1310/8–1375) |
1367 | 1371 | |
| Nicholas Carew MP for Surrey (died 1390) |
1371 | 1377 | |
| John Fordham (died 1425) |
1377 | 1381 | Richard II (1377–1399) |
| William Dighton | 1381 | 1382 | |
| Walter Skirclaw Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (died 1406) |
1382 | 1386 | |
| John Waltham Bishop of Salisbury (died 1395) |
1386 | 1389 | |
| Edmund Stafford Bishop of Exeter (1344–1419) |
1389 | 1396 | |
| Guy Mone (died 1407) |
1396 | 1397 | |
| Richard Clifford Bishop of Bath and Wells (died 1421) |
1397 | 1401 | |
Henry IV (1399–1413) | |||
| Thomas Langley (c. 1363–1437) |
1401 | 1405 | |
| Nicholas Bubwith (1355–1424) |
1405 | 1406 | |
| John Prophet Dean of York (1356–1416) |
1406 | 1415 | |
Henry V (1413–1422) | |||
| John Wakering Bishop of Norwich (died 1425) |
1415 | 1416 | |
| Henry Ware (died 1420) |
1416 | 1418 | |
| John Kemp Bishop of Rochester (c. 1380–1454) |
1418 | 1421 | |
| John Stafford (died 1452) |
1421 | 1422 | |
| William Alnwick Bishop of Norwich [nb 1] (died 1449) |
1422 | 1432 | Henry VI (1422–1461) |
| William Lyndwood Bishop of St David's [nb 2] (c. 1375–1446) |
1432 | 1443 | |
| Thomas Beckington Bishop of Bath and Wells (c. 1390–1465) |
1443 | 1444 | |
| Adam Moleyns Bishop of Chichester [nb 3] (died 1450) |
1444 | 1450 | |
Archdeacon of York |
1450 | 1452 | |
| Thomas Lisieux Dean of St Paul's (died 1456) |
1452 | 1456 | |
| Laurence Booth Bishop of Durham [nb 4] (c. 1420–1480) |
1456 | 1460 | |
| Robert Stillington Bishop of Bath and Wells [nb 5] (1420–1491) |
1460 | 1467 | |
Edward IV (1461–1470) | |||
| Thomas Rotherham Bishop of Rochester [nb 6] (1423–1500) |
1467 | 1470 | |
| John Hales Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (c. 1400–1490) |
1470 | 1471 | Henry VI (1470–1471) |
| Thomas Rotherham Bishop of Lincoln [nb 7] (1423–1500) |
1471 | 1474 | Edward IV (1471–1483) |
| John Russell Bishop of Lincoln [nb 8] (died 1494) |
1474 | 1483 | |
Edward V (1483) | |||
| John Gunthorpe Dean of Wells (died 1498) |
1483 | 1485 | |
Richard III (1483–1485) | |||
| Peter Courtenay Bishop of Exeter (c. 1432–1492) |
1485 | 1487 | Henry VII (1485–1509) |
| Richard Foxe Bishop of Winchester [nb 9] (c. 1448–1528) |
1487 | 1516 | |
Henry VIII (1509–1547) | |||
| Thomas Ruthall Bishop of Durham (died 1523) |
1516 | 1523 | |
| Henry Marney 1st Baron Marney (c. 1447–1523) |
1523 | 1523 | |
| Cuthbert Tunstall Bishop of London (1474–1559) |
1523 | 1530 | |
| Thomas Boleyn 1st Earl of Wiltshire (c. 1477–1539) |
1530 | 1536 | |
| Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex[nb 10] (c. 1485–1540) |
1536 | 1540 | |
| William FitzWilliam 1st Earl of Southampton (c. 1490–1542) |
1540 | 1542 | |
| John Russell 1st Earl of Bedford[nb 11] (c. 1485–1555) |
1542 | 1555 | |
| Edward VI (1547–1553) | |||
Mary I (1553–1558) | |||
| William Paget 1st Baron Paget (c. 1506–1563) |
1555 | 1558 | |
| Sir Nicholas Bacon (1510–1579) |
1558 | 1571 | Elizabeth I (1558–1603) |
| William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley (1520–1598) |
1571 | 1572 | |
| William Howard 1st Baron Howard of Effingham (c. 1510–1573) |
1572 | 1573 | |
| Sir Thomas Smith MP for Essex (1513–1577) |
1573 | 1576 | |
| Sir Francis Walsingham MP for Surry (c. 1532–1590) |
1576 | 1590 | |
| William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley (1520–1598) |
1590 | 1598 | |
| Robert Cecil 1st Earl of Salisbury (1564/3–1598) |
1598 | 1608 | |
James I (1603–1625) | |||
| Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton (1540–1614) |
1608 | 1614 | |
| Robert Carr 1st Earl of Somerset (c. 1587–1646) |
1614 | 1616 | |
| Edward Somerset 4th Earl of Worcester (c. 1550–1628) |
1616 | 1625 | |
| Sir John Coke MP for Cambridge University (1563–1644) |
1625 | 1628 | Charles I (1625–1649) |
| Sir Robert Naunton (1563–1635) |
1628 | 1628 | |
| Henry Montagu 1st Earl of Manchester (1563–1635) |
1628 | 1642 | |
| Lucius Cary 2nd Viscount Falkland (c. 1610–1643) |
1643 | 1643 | |
| Sir Edward Nicholas[nb 12] (1593–1669) |
1643 | 1644 | |
| Henry Bourchier 5th Earl of Bath (1587–1654) |
1644 | 1646 [nb 13] | |
| Interregnum Commissioners of Parliament's Great Seal |
1646 | 1660 | Charles II Court in exile |
| John Robartes 2nd Baron Robartes (1606–1685) |
1660 | 1673 | Charles II (1660–1685) |
| Arthur Annesley 1st Earl of Anglesey (1614–1686) |
1673 | 1682 | |
| George Savile 1st Marquess of Halifax (1633–1695) |
1682 | 1685 | |
| Henry Hyde 2nd Earl of Clarendon (1638–1709) |
1685 | 1687 | James II (1685–1688) |
| Henry Arundell 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour (1607/8–1694) |
1687 | 1688 | |
| George Savile 1st Marquess of Halifax (1633–1695) |
1689 | 1690 | Mary II (1689–1694) & William III  (1689–1702) |
| Thomas Herbert 8th Earl of Pembroke (c. 1656–1733) |
1692 | 1699 | |
| John Lowther 1st Viscount Lonsdale (1655–1700) |
1699 | 1700 | |
| Ford Grey 1st Earl of Tankerville (1655–1701) |
1700 | 1701 | |
| John Sheffield 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby[nb 14] (1648–1721) |
1702 | 1705 | Anne (1702–1714) |
| John Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1662–1711) |
1705 | 1711 | |
| John Robinson Bishop of Bristol (1650–1723) |
1711 | 1713 | |
| William Legge 1st Earl of Dartmouth (1672–1750) |
1713 | 1714 | |
Lord Keepers of the Privy Seal (1714–present)[]
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Other ministerial portfolios held during tenure | Party | Ministry | Monarch (Reign) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The Most Honourable Thomas Wharton 1st Marquess of Wharton PC[nb 15] (1648–1715) |
23 September 1714 |
31 August 1715 |
Whig | Townshend | George I (1714–1727) | ||
|
The Right Honourable Charles Spencer 3rd Earl of Sunderland PC FRS (1675–1722) |
31 August 1715 |
19 December 1716 |
— | ||||
|
His Grace Evelyn Pierrepont 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull PC (c. 1655–1726) |
19 December 1716 |
6 February 1719 |
— | ||||
| Stanhope–Sunderland I | ||||||||
| Stanhope–Sunderland II | ||||||||
|
His Grace Henry Grey 1st Duke of Kent KG PC (1671–1740) |
6 February 1719 |
11 June 1720 |
— | ||||
|
|
His Grace Evelyn Pierrepont 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull KG PC (c. 1655–1726) |
11 June 1720 |
11 March 1726 |
— | ||||
| Walpole–Townshend | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Thomas Trevor 1st Baron Trevor PC KC FRS (1658–1730) |
11 March 1726 |
8 May 1730 |
— | ||||
| George II (1727–1760) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Spencer Compton 1st Earl of Wilmington KB PC (c. 1673–1743) |
8 May 1730 |
January 1731 |
Whig | Walpole | |||
|
His Grace William Cavendish 3rd Duke of Devonshire PC FRS (1698–1755) |
12 January 1731 |
5 May 1733 |
Whig | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Henry Lowther 3rd Viscount Lonsdale PC (1694–1751) |
5 May 1733 |
16 May 1735 |
— | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Francis Godolphin 2nd Earl of Godolphin PC (1678–1766) |
16 May 1735 |
7 April 1740 |
— | ||||
|
The Right Honourable John Hervey 2nd Baron Hervey PC (1696–1743) |
7 April 1740 |
13 July 1742 |
— | ||||
|
The Right Honourable John Leveson-Gower 2nd Baron Gower PC (1694–1754) |
13 July 1742 |
10 December 1743 |
Tory | Carteret | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable George Cholmondeley 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley PC (1703–1770) |
10 December 1743 |
27 December 1744 |
— | ||||
|
|
The Right Honourable John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower PC[nb 16] (1694–1754) |
27 December 1744 |
8 June 1755 |
Tory | Broad Bottom (I & II) | |||
| Newcastle I | ||||||||
|
His Grace Charles Spencer 3rd Duke of Marlborough PC (1706–1758) |
8 June 1755 |
22 December 1755 |
— | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Granville Leveson-Gower 2nd Earl Gower PC (1721–1803) |
22 December 1755 |
30 June 1757 |
Tory | ||||
| Pitt–Devonshire | ||||||||
| 1757 Caretaker | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Richard Grenville-Temple 2nd Earl Temple PC (1711–1779) |
30 June 1757 |
5 October 1761 |
— | Pitt–Newcastle | |||
| George III (1760–1820) [nb 17] | ||||||||
|
His Grace John Russell 4th Duke of Bedford KG PC FRS (1710–1771) |
25 November 1761 |
22 April 1763 |
Whig | ||||
| Bute | ||||||||
|
His Grace George Spencer 4th Duke of Marlborough KG PC (1739–1817) |
22 April 1763 |
30 July 1765 |
— | Grenville (Whig–Tory) | |||
|
His Grace Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle KG PC FRS (1693–1768) |
30 July 1765 |
30 July 1766 |
Whig | Rockingham I | |||
|
The Right Honourable William Pitt 1st Earl of Chatham PC FRS (1708–1778) |
30 July 1766 |
2 November 1768 |
|
Whig | Chatham (Whig–Tory) | ||
|
The Right Honourable George Hervey 2nd Earl of Bristol PC (1721–1775) |
2 November 1768 |
26 February 1770 |
— | Grafton (Whig–Tory) | |||
|
The Right Honourable George Montagu-Dunk 2nd Earl of Halifax KG PC (1716–1771) |
26 February 1770 |
22 January 1771 |
Tory | North | |||
|
The Right Honourable Henry Howard 12th Earl of Suffolk PC (1739–1889) |
22 January 1771 |
12 June 1771 |
— | ||||
|
His Grace Augustus FitzRoy 3rd Duke of Grafton KG PC (1735–1811) |
12 June 1771 |
4 November 1775 |
Whig | ||||
|
The Right Honourable William Legge 2nd Earl of Dartmouth PC FRS (1731–1801) |
4 November 1775 |
27 March 1782 |
— | ||||
|
|
His Grace Augustus FitzRoy 3rd Duke of Grafton KG PC (1735–1811) |
27 March 1782 |
4 April 1783 |
Whig | Rockingham II | |||
| Shelburne (Whig–Tory) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Frederick Howard 5th Earl of Carlisle PC (1748–1825) |
4 April 1783 |
23 December 1783 |
— | Fox–North (Whig–Tory) | |||
|
His Grace Charles Manners 4th Duke of Rutland KG PC (1754–1787) |
23 December 1783 |
27 November 1784 |
— | Pitt I | |||
|
|
The Most Honourable Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Marquess of Stafford PC[nb 18] (1721–1803) |
27 November 1784 |
1794 | Tory | ||||
|
The Right Honourable George Spencer 2nd Earl Spencer PC DL FRS FSA (1758–1834) |
1794 | 16 July 1794 |
Whig | ||||
|
The Right Honourable John Pitt 2nd Earl of Chatham KG PC (1756–1835) |
16 July 1794 |
14 February 1798 |
— | ||||
|
The Right Honourable John Fane 10th Earl of Westmorland KG PC (1759–1841) |
14 February 1798 |
5 February 1806 |
Tory | ||||
| Addington | ||||||||
| Pitt II | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Henry Addington 1st Viscount Sidmouth PC (1757–1844) |
5 February 1806 |
15 October 1806 |
Tory | All the Talents (Whig–Tory) | |||
|
The Right Honourable Henry Vassall-Fox 3rd Baron Holland PC (1773–1840) |
15 October 1806 |
25 March 1807 |
Whig | ||||
|
|
The Right Honourable John Fane 10th Earl of Westmorland KG PC (1759–1841) |
25 March 1807 |
30 April 1827 |
Tory | Portland II | |||
| Perceval | ||||||||
| Liverpool | ||||||||
George IV (1820–1830) | ||||||||
|
His Grace William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck 4th Duke of Portland PC DCL (1768–1854) |
30 April 1827 |
16 July 1827 |
Tory | Canning (Canningite–Whig) | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable George Howard 6th Earl of Carlisle PC FRS (1773–1848) |
16 July 1827 |
26 January 1828 |
Whig | ||||
| Goderich (Canningite–Whig) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Edward Law 2nd Baron Ellenborough PC FRS (1790–1871) |
26 January 1828 |
10 June 1829 |
|
Tory | Wellington–Peel | ||
|
The Right Honourable James St Clair-Erskine 2nd Earl of Rosslyn GCB PC (1762–1837) |
10 June 1829 |
22 November 1830 |
Tory | ||||
| William IV (1830–1837) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable John Lambton 1st Baron Durham PC (1792–1840) |
22 November 1830 |
3 April 1833 |
Whig | Grey | |||
|
The Right Honourable Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl of Ripon PC (1782–1859) |
3 April 1833 |
5 June 1834 |
Whig | ||||
|
|
The Right Honourable George Howard 6th Earl of Carlisle PC FRS (1773–1848) |
5 June 1834 |
30 July 1834 |
Whigs | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Constantine Phipps 2nd Earl of Mulgrave GCH PC (1797–1863) |
30 July 1834 |
14 November 1834 |
Whig | Melbourne I | |||
|
The Right Honourable James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 1st Baron Wharncliffe PC (1776–1845) |
15 December 1834 |
8 April 1835 |
Conservative | Peel I | |||
|
The Right Honourable John Ponsonby 1st Baron Duncannon styled Viscount Duncannon PC (1781–1847) |
23 April 1835 |
15 January 1840 |
|
Whig | Melbourne II | ||
Victoria (1837–1901) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable George Villiers 4th Earl of Clarendon GCB PC (1800–1870) |
15 January 1840 |
30 August 1841 |
|
Whig | |||
|
His Grace Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos GCH PC FRS (1797–1861) |
3 September 1841 |
2 February 1842 |
Conservative | Peel II | |||
|
His Grace Walter Montagu-Douglas-Scott 5th Duke of Buccleuch KG PC (1806–1884) |
2 February 1842 |
21 January 1846 |
Conservative | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Thomas Hamilton 9th Earl of Haddington PC FRS (1780–1858) |
21 January 1846 |
27 June 1846 |
Conservative | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound 2nd Earl of Minto GCB PC (1782–1859) |
6 July 1846 |
21 February 1852 |
Whig | Russell I | |||
|
The Most Honourable James Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess of Salisbury KG PC (1791–1868) |
27 February 1852 |
17 December 1852 |
Conservative | Who? Who? | |||
|
His Grace George Campbell 8th Duke of Argyll PC FRS FRSE (1823–1900) |
4 January 1853 |
7 December 1855 |
Peelite | Aberdeen (Peelite–Whig) | |||
| Palmerston I | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Dudley Ryder 2nd Earl of Harrowby PC FRS (1798–1882) |
7 December 1855 |
3 February 1858 |
Whig | ||||
|
The Most Honourable Ulick de Burgh 1st Marquess of Clanricarde KP PC (1802–1874) |
3 February 1858 |
21 February 1858 |
Whig | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Charles Yorke 4th Earl of Hardwicke PC (1799–1873) |
26 February 1858 |
11 June 1859 |
Conservative | Derby–Disraeli II | |||
|
|
His Grace George Campbell 8th Duke of Argyll KT PC FRS FRSE (1823–1900) |
18 June 1859 |
26 June 1866 |
Liberal | Palmerston II | |||
| Russell II | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable James Harris 3rd Earl of Malmesbury GCB PC (1807��1889) |
6 July 1866 |
1 December 1868 |
Conservative | Derby–Disraeli III | |||
|
The Right Honourable John Wodehouse 1st Earl of Kimberley PC (1826–1902) |
9 December 1868 |
6 July 1870 |
Liberal | Gladstone I | |||
|
The Right Honourable Charles Wood 1st Viscount Halifax GCB PC (1800–1885) |
6 July 1870 |
17 February 1874 |
Liberal | ||||
|
|
The Right Honourable James Harris 3rd Earl of Malmesbury GCB PC (1807–1889) |
21 February 1874 |
12 August 1876 |
Conservative | Disraeli II | |||
|
The Right Honourable Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield PC FRS (1804–1881) |
12 August 1876 |
4 February 1878 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
His Grace Algernon Percy 6th Duke of Northumberland PC (1810–1899) |
4 February 1878 |
21 April 1880 |
Conservative | ||||
|
|
His Grace George Campbell 8th Duke of Argyll KT PC FRS FRSE (1823–1900) |
28 April 1880 |
2 May 1881 |
Liberal | Gladstone II | |||
|
The Right Honourable Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue 1st Baron Carlingford KP PC (1823–1898) |
2 May 1881 |
5 March 1885 |
Liberal | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Archibald Primrose 5th Earl of Rosebery PC (1847–1929) |
5 March 1885 |
9 June 1885 |
Liberal | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Dudley Ryder 3rd Earl of Harrowby PC (1831–1900) |
24 June 1885 |
28 January 1886 |
Conservative | Salisbury I | |||
|
The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone FRS FSS MP for Midlothian (1809–1898) |
17 February 1886 |
20 July 1886 |
|
Liberal | Gladstone III | ||
|
The Right Honourable George Cadogan 5th Earl Cadogan KG PC (1840–1915) |
3 August 1886 |
11 August 1892 |
Conservative | Salisbury II | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone FRS FSS MP for Midlothian (1809–1898) |
20 August 1892 |
10 March 1894 |
|
Liberal | Gladstone IV | ||
|
The Right Honourable Edward Marjoribanks 2nd Baron Tweedmouth PC (1849–1909) |
10 March 1894 |
21 June 1895 |
|
Liberal | Rosebery | ||
|
The Right Honourable Richard Assheton Cross 1st Viscount Cross GCB PC FRS DL (1823–1914) |
29 June 1895 |
12 November 1900 |
Conservative | Salisbury (III & IV) (Con.–Lib.U.) | |||
|
The Most Honourable Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury KG PC FRS (1830–1903) |
12 November 1900 |
July 1902 |
|
Conservative | |||
| Edward VII (1901–1910) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Arthur Balfour FRS DL MP for Manchester East (1848–1930) |
14 July 1902 |
October 1903 |
|
Conservative | Balfour (Con.–Lib.U.) | ||
|
The Most Honourable James Gascoyne-Cecil 4th Marquess of Salisbury CB PC (1861–1947) |
17 October 1903 |
December 1905 |
Conservative | ||||
|
The Most Honourable George Robinson 1st Marquess of Ripon KG GCSI CIE VD PC (1827–1909) |
10 December 1905 |
October 1908 |
|
Liberal | Campbell-Bannerman | ||
| Asquith (I–III) | ||||||||
|
The Most Honourable Robert Crewe-Milnes 1st Marquess of Crewe KG PC FSA[nb 24] (1858–1945) |
9 October 1908 |
October 1911 |
Liberal | ||||
| George V (1910–1936) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Charles Wynn-Carington 1st Earl Carrington KG GCMG PC (1843–1928) |
23 October 1911 |
February 1912 |
Liberal | ||||
|
|
The Most Honourable Robert Crewe-Milnes 1st Marquess of Crewe KG PC FSA (1858–1945) |
13 February 1912 |
May 1915 |
|
Liberal | |||
|
The Right Honourable George Curzon 1st Earl Curzon of Kedleston GCSI GCIE PC (1859–1925) |
25 May 1915 |
December 1916 |
|
Conservative | Asquith Coalition (Lib.–Con.–Lab.) | ||
|
The Right Honourable David Lindsay 27th Earl of Crawford PC (1871–1940) |
15 December 1916 |
January 1919 |
Conservative | Lloyd George (I & II) (Lib.–Con.–Lab.) | |||
|
The Right Honourable Bonar Law MP for Glasgow Central (1858–1923) |
10 January 1919 |
March 1921 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
The Right Honourable Austen Chamberlain MP for Birmingham West (1863–1937) |
23 March 1921 |
October 1922 |
|
Conservative | |||
| Vacant | October 1922 |
May 1923 |
Law | |||||
|
The Right Honourable Robert Cecil 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood PC KC[nb 28] (1864–1958) |
28 May 1923 |
January 1924 |
Conservative | Baldwin I | |||
| The Right Honourable J. R. Clynes MP for Manchester Platting (1869–1949) |
22 January 1924 |
November 1924 |
|
Labour | MacDonald I | |||
|
|
The Most Honourable James Gascoyne-Cecil 4th Marquess of Salisbury KG GCVO CB PC DL (1861–1947) |
6 November 1924 |
June 1929 |
|
Conservative | Baldwin II | ||
|
The Right Honourable Jimmy Thomas MP for Derby (1874–1949) |
7 June 1929 |
June 1930 |
Labour | MacDonald II | |||
|
The Right Honourable Vernon Hartshorn MP for Ogmore (1872–1931) |
5 June 1930 |
March 1931 |
Labour | ||||
| The Right Honourable Tom Johnston MP for West Stirlingshire (1881–1965) |
24 March 1931 |
August 1931 |
Labour | |||||
|
The Right Honourable William Peel 1st Earl Peel GBE TD PC (1867–1937) |
August 1931 |
November 1931 |
Conservative | National I (N.Lab.–Con.–Lib.N.–Lib.) | |||
|
The Right Honourable Philip Snowden 1st Viscount Snowden PC (1864–1937) |
5 November 1931 |
September 1932 |
National Labour | National II (N.Lab.–Con.–Lib.N.–Lib.) | |||
|
The Right Honourable Stanley Baldwin JP FRS MP for Bewdley (1867–1947) |
29 September 1932 |
December 1933 |
Conservative | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Anthony Eden MC MP for Warwick and Leamington (1897–1977) |
31 December 1933 |
June 1935 |
Conservative | ||||
|
The Most Honourable Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry KG MVO PC PC (Ire) (1878–1949) |
7 June 1935 |
November 1935 |
|
Conservative | National III (Con.–N.Lab.–Lib.N.) | ||
|
The Right Honourable Edward Wood 3rd Viscount Halifax PC (1881–1959) |
22 November 1935 |
May 1937 |
|
Conservative | |||
| Edward VIII (1936) | ||||||||
| George VI (1936–1952) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Herbrand Sackville 9th Earl De La Warr PC (1900–1976) |
28 May 1937 |
October 1938 |
National Labour | National IV (Con.–N.Lab.–Lib.N.) | |||
|
The Right Honourable Sir John Anderson GCB GCSI GCIE PC PC (Ire) MP for Combined Scottish Universities (1882–1958) |
31 October 1938 |
September 1939 |
Independent (National) | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Sir Samuel Hoare Bt GCSI GBE CMG JP MP for Chelsea (1880–1959) |
3 September 1939 |
April 1940 |
Conservative | Chamberlain War (Con.–N.Lab.–Lib.N.) | |||
|
The Right Honourable Sir Kingsley Wood MP for Woolwich West (1881–1943) |
3 April 1940 |
May 1940 |
Conservative | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Clement Attlee MP for Limehouse (1883–1967) |
11 May 1940 |
February 1942 |
|
Labour | Churchill War (All parties) | ||
|
The Right Honourable Sir Stafford Cripps MP for Bristol East (1889–1952) |
19 February 1942 |
November 1942 |
|
Labour | |||
|
The Right Honourable Robert Gascoyne-Cecil Viscount Cranborne (1893–1972) |
22 November 1942 |
September 1943 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
The Right Honourable Max Aitken 1st Baron Beaverbrook PC (1879–1964) |
24 September 1943 |
July 1945 |
Conservative | ||||
| Churchill Caretaker (Con.–N.Lib.) | ||||||||
| The Right Honourable Arthur Greenwood CH MP for Wakefield (1880–1954) |
27 July 1945 |
17 April 1947 |
Labour | Attlee (I & II) | ||||
|
|
The Right Honourable Philip Inman 1st Baron Inman PC (1892–1979) |
17 April 1947 |
7 October 1947 |
Labour | ||||
|
The Right Honourable Christopher Addison 1st Viscount Addison KG PC FRCS (1869–1951) |
7 October 1947 |
9 March 1951 |
|
Labour | |||
|
The Right Honourable Ernest Bevin MP for Woolwich East (1881–1951) |
9 March 1951 |
14 April 1951 |
Labour | ||||
| The Right Honourable Richard Stokes MC MP for Ipswich (1897–1957) |
26 April 1951 |
October 1951 |
Labour | |||||
|
|
The Most Honourable Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 5th Marquess of Salisbury KG PC (1893–1972) |
28 October 1951 |
7 May 1952 |
|
Conservative | Churchill III | ||
Elizabeth II (1952–present) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Harry Crookshank MP for Gainsborough (1893–1961) |
7 May 1952 |
20 December 1955 |
|
Conservative | |||
| Eden | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable R. A. Butler CH MP for Saffron Walden (1902–1982) |
20 December 1955 |
October 1959 |
|
Conservative | |||
| Macmillan (I & II) | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Quintin Hogg 2nd Viscount Hailsham PC QC (1907–2001) |
14 October 1959 |
July 1960 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
The Right Honourable Edward Heath MBE MP for Bexley (1916–2005) |
27 July 1960 |
October 1963 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
The Right Honourable Selwyn Lloyd CH CBE QC MP for Wirral (1904–1978) |
20 October 1963 |
October 1964 |
|
Conservative | Douglas-Home | ||
|
The Right Honourable Frank Pakenham 7th Earl of Longford PC (1905–2001) |
18 October 1964 |
December 1965 |
|
Labour | Wilson (I & II) | ||
|
|
The Right Honourable Sir Frank Soskice QC MP for Newport (1902–1979) |
23 December 1965 |
April 1966 |
Labour | ||||
|
|
The Right Honourable Frank Pakenham 7th Earl of Longford PC (1905–2001) |
6 April 1966 |
January 1968 |
|
Labour | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable Edward Shackleton Baron Shackleton OBE PC (1911–1994) |
16 January 1968 |
April 1968 |
|
Labour | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable Fred Peart MP for Workington (1914–1988) |
6 April |
October 1968 |
Labour | ||||
|
|
The Right Honourable Edward Shackleton Baron Shackleton OBE PC (1911–1994) |
18 October 1968 |
June 1970 |
|
Labour | |||
|
The Right Honourable George Jellicoe 2nd Earl Jellicoe DSO MC PC (1918–2007) |
20 June 1970 |
June 1973 |
|
Conservative | Heath | ||
|
|
The Right Honourable David Hennessy 3rd Baron Windlesham PC (1932–2010) |
5 June 1973 |
March 1974 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable Malcolm Shepherd 2nd Baron Shepherd PC (1918–2001) |
7 March 1974 |
September 1976 |
|
Labour | Wilson (III & IV) | ||
| Callaghan | ||||||||
|
|
The Right Honourable Fred Peart Baron Peart PC (1914–1988) |
10 September 1976 |
May 1979 |
|
Labour | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable Sir Ian Gilmour Bt MP for Chesham and Amersham (1926–2007) |
5 May 1979 |
September 1981 |
|
Conservative | Thatcher I | ||
|
|
The Right Honourable Humphrey Atkins MP for Spelthorne (1922–1996) |
14 September 1981 |
April 1982 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable Janet Young Baroness Young PC (1926–2002) |
6 April 1982 |
June 1983 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable John Biffen MP for North Shropshire (1930–2007) |
11 June 1983 |
June 1987 |
|
Conservative | Thatcher II | ||
|
|
The Right Honourable John Wakeham MP for South Colchester and Maldon (born 1932) |
13 June 1987 |
10 January 1988 |
|
Conservative | Thatcher III | ||
|
|
The Right Honourable John Ganzoni 2nd Baron Belstead PC (1932–2005) |
10 January 1988 |
28 November 1990 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable David Waddington Baron Waddington PC QC (1929–2017) |
28 November 1990 |
11 April 1992 |
|
Conservative | Major I | ||
|
|
The Right Honourable John Wakeham Baron Wakeham PC (born 1932) |
11 April 1992 |
20 July 1994 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
The Right Honourable Robert Gascoyne-Cecil Viscount Cranborne DL (born 1946) |
20 July 1994 |
2 May 1997 |
|
Conservative | |||
| Major II | ||||||||
|
|
The Right Honourable Ivor Richard Baron Richard PC (1932–2018) |
2 May 1997 |
27 July 1998 |
|
Labour | Blair I | ||
|
The Right Honourable Margaret Jay Baroness Jay of Paddington PC (born 1939) |
27 July 1998 |
8 June 2001 |
|
Labour | |||
|
|
The Right Honourable Gareth Williams Baron Williams of Mostyn PC QC (1941–2003) |
8 June 2001 |
13 June 2003 |
|
Labour | Blair II | ||
|
The Right Honourable Peter Hain MP for Neath (born 1950) |
13 June 2003 |
6 May 2005 |
|
Labour | |||
|
The Right Honourable Geoff Hoon MP for Ashfield (born 1953) |
6 May 2005 |
5 May 2006 |
|
Labour | Blair III | ||
|
The Right Honourable Jack Straw MP for Blackburn (born 1946) |
5 May 2006 |
27 June 2007 |
|
Labour | |||
|
The Right Honourable Harriet Harman QC MP for Camberwell and Peckham (born 1950) |
28 June 2007 |
11 May 2010 |
|
Labour | Brown | ||
|
The Right Honourable Sir George Young Bt CH MP for North West Hampshire (born 1941) |
12 May 2010 |
4 September 2012 |
|
Conservative | Cameron–Clegg (Con.–L.D.) | ||
|
The Right Honourable Andrew Lansley CBE MP for South Cambridgeshire (born 1956) |
4 September 2012 |
14 July 2014 |
|
Conservative | |||
|
The Right Honourable Tina Stowell Baroness Stowell of Beeston MBE PC (born 1967) |
15 July 2014 |
14 July 2016 |
|
Conservative | |||
| Cameron II | ||||||||
|
The Right Honourable Natalie Evans Baroness Evans of Bowes Park MBE PC (born 1975) |
14 July 2016 |
Incumbent |
|
Conservative | May I | ||
| May II | ||||||||
| Johnson I | ||||||||
| Johnson II | ||||||||
- Notes
- ^ Archdeacon of Sarum until 1426; Bishop of Norwich from 1426
- ^ Archdeacon of Oxford 1434–1442; Bishop of St David's from 1442
- ^ Dean of Salisbury until 1446; Bishop of Chichester from 1446
- ^ Dean of St Paul's until 1457
- ^ Archdeacon of Taunton until 1465; Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1466
- ^ Bishop of Rochester from 1468
- ^ Bishop of Rochester until 1472; Bishop of Lincoln from 1472
- ^ Bishop of Rochester 1476–1480; Bishop of Lincoln from 1480
- ^ Bishop of Exeter until 1492; Bishop of Bath and Wells 1492–1494; Bishop of Durham 1494–1501; Bishop of Winchester from 1501
- ^ Concurrently held the offices of Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1533, Secretary of State from 1534, and Lord Great Chamberlain in 1540
- ^ Baron Russell from 1539, created Earl of Bedford in 1551
- ^ Concurrently held the office of Secretary of State
- ^ Appointed in the controversial Oxford Parliament, Bourchier is sometimes regarded as holding the office for life. However, during the Interregnum Bourchier was identified as a Delinquent by Parliamentarians and use of the Privy Seal ended. Until the Restoration of Charles II the Great Seal was the primary seal of government, for which the custody held in commission.
- ^ Marquess of Normanby from 1694; created Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703
- ^ Earl of Wharton from 1706; created Marquesses of Wharton in 1715
- ^ Baron Gower from 1709; created Earl Gower in 1746
- ^ The Prince of Wales served as Prince Regent from 5 February 1811.
- ^ Earl Gower from 1754; created Marquess of Stafford in 1786
- ^ Served as President of the Board of Control from September 1828
- ^ Served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster October 1840 – June 1841
- ^ Served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from May 1894
- ^ Served as President of the Board of Trade from March 1905
- ^ Served as Leader of the House of Lords from April 1908
- ^ Earl of Crewe from 1895; created Marquess of Crewe July 1911
- ^ Served as Secretary of State for the Colonies until November 1910
- ^ Served as Secretary of State for India November 1910 – March 1911; and from May 1911
- ^ Served as President of the Air Board from May 1916
- ^ MP for Hitchin until 1923; created Viscount Cecil of Chelwood December 1923
- ^ Served as Leader of the House of Lords from April 1925
- ^ Served as Paymaster General July 1946 – March 1947
- ^ Served as Paymaster General July 1948 – April 1949
- ^ Served as Minister of Materials from July 1951
- ^ Served as Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations from March 1952
- ^ Served as Secretary of State for the Home Department from January 1957
Other countries[]
- Keeper of the seals of France
- Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan
- Keeper of the Rulers' Seal of Malaysia
See also[]
- Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
- Keeper of the seals
- Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland
- Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
- Lord Privy Seal (term), as used in the television news business
Citations[]
- ^ "Ministerial and other Salaries Act 1975". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ Beckett, Francis (1997). Clem Attlee: A Biography. London: Richard Cohen. p. 285. ISBN 9781860661013.
- ^ Sayers, Jane. "The English Royal Chancery" (PDF). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
References[]
- Sergeant, John (2002). Give me ten seconds. Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-48490-7.
Great Officers of State of England and Scotland | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Great Officers of State of England |
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| Officers of State of Scotland |
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| Officers of the Crown of Scotland |
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1 Office is either vested in the Crown, or vacant. Status is currently debated.
2 There is debate around whether these offices constitute Officers of the Crown. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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