Lorne L. Dawson

Lorne L. Dawson is a Canadian scholar of the sociology of religion who has written about new religious movements, the brainwashing controversy, and religion and the Internet. His work is now focused on religious terrorism and the process of radicalization, especially with regard to domestic terrorists.

Academic career[]

Dawson, who has an Hons. B.A. from Queen's University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from McMaster University, is a Professor of Sociology and Religious Studies at the University of Waterloo. He was Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the university (2000-2006) and co-founder and second Director of the Lauier-Waterloo PhD in Religious Studies (2006-2009). From 2011-2015 he was Chair of the Department of Sociology & Legal Studies at the University of Waterloo. He has served on the editorial boards of Method and Theory in the Study of Religion,^[1] Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review, the journal of the Association for the Sociology of Religion.^[2][3] and "Nova Religio" and "Fieldwork in the Study of Religion."

Dawson has published a large number of scholarly articles on new religious movements, along with books such as Cults in Context (editor, 1998), Comprehending Cults (1998; 2nd ed. 2006), Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader (2003, editor) and others (e.g., Religion Online, edited with Douglas Cowan, 2004). Dawson expressed the view in 1998 that "In the late 1980s the activity of NRMs tapered off, and membership in the relatively well-established groups like Scientology, Krishna Consciousness, and the Unification Church has stabilized well below levels achieved in the early to mid-seventies", arguing that "fewer new religions are being formed now, and they are attracting fewer followers" – a view that has been contested by other more recent authors perceiving ongoing proliferation of such groups, although they acknowledge that these communities take different forms now to those that were common in the 1970s and 1980s.^[4]

Dawson's research has also focused on the significance of new religious movements in modern culture and the role the Internet, with sites such as YouTube, plays in contemporary religion, including religious conflict and hate propaganda: "The antireligion perspective has been around on the Internet since its beginning, though using YouTube to express such thoughts is new. To my mind, it is a very unique scheme. In a sense, it is a new twist on a long habit of trolling, baiting and flaming people online and purposely seeking to attract attention and stir up trouble. It is in line with the culture of the Internet and the bad-boy element of the Internet."^[5][6][7] Dawson has commented that the semi-anonymous nature of the Internet makes it a medium to voice feelings that would otherwise go unexpressed: "Suppressed, maybe even truly repressed, feelings may be expressed – from anger to love. People simply will say things they would not say otherwise. Rather virulent expressions of ridicule or hatred, for example, are commonly encountered on the Internet. So are statements that would probably be too embarrassing for most of us to say in other kinds of public forums. Ironically, under conditions of technical anonymity, the sociality of the Internet offers an unparalleled opportunity for greater self-disclosure and exploration."^[8]

His research and publications have also focused on the nature of charismatic authority and its role in fomenting violence behaviour in some new religious movements, and how groups respond to the failure of prophecy.

His research on why some new religious movements become violent led to work on the process of radicalization in cases of homegrown terrorism (e.g., "The Study of New Religious Movements and the Radicalization of Home-Grown Terrorists: Opening a Dialogue," Terrorism and Political Violence 22, 2010: 1-21). He has done many presentations on religious terrorism and radicalization for groups like the RCMP, CSIS, Public Safety Canada, Defence Research and Development Canada, The Conference Board of Canada, Global Futures Forum, and Homeland Security. He is the Co-Founder and Co-Director of the Canadian Network for Research on Terrorism, Security and Society (www.tsas.ca), which was established in 2012. Since 2010 his research has focused primarily on the study foreign terrorist fighters, the role of religion in motivating religious terrorism, the social ecology of radicalization, and methodological issues in the study of religious terrorism (see the publications listed below).

Personal life[]

In a 2007 New York Times article, Dawson self-identified as "an agnostic with a 'Buddhist world view'."^[6]

Books[]

• Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Canada, University of Toronto Press 2020, ISBN 978-1-4875-2170-7 (Editor with Jez Littlewood & Sara K. Thompson)
• Religious Radicalization and Securitization in Canada and Beyond, University of Toronto Press 2014, ISBN 978-1-4426-4631-5 (Editor with Paul Bramadat)
• The Sociology of Religion: A Canadian Perspective, (with Joel Thiessen), Oxford University Press 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-542557-4
• Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader, Wiley-Blackwell 2009, ISBN 978-1-4051-0181-3
• Comprehending Cults: The Sociology of New Religious Movements, Oxford University Press 2006, ISBN 978-0-19-542009-8
• Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet, Routledge 2004, ISBN 978-0-415-97022-8 (with Douglas E. Cowan)
• Cults in Context: Readings in the Study of New Religious Movements, Transaction Publishers 1998, ISBN 978-0-7658-0478-5
• Reason, Freedom, and Religion: Closing the Gap between the Humanistic and Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 6 of Toronto Studies in Religion, P. Lang 1988, ISBN 9780820406008

Articles and book chapters (recent)[]

• “Re-Examining the Explanations of Convert Radicalization in Salafi-Jihadist Terrorism with Evidence from Canada,” (with David Jones) Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, first online version published 18 May, 2021
• “Homegrown Terrorist Radicalization: The Toronto 18 in Comparative Perspective,” in Michael Nesbitt, Kent Roach, and David Hofmann, eds., Canadian Terror: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Toronto 18 Terrorism Trials. Winnipeg: Manitoba Law Review 44(1): 1-33 (released as well as Edited Volume).
• “A Comparative Analysis of Data on Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Who Went and Why?” Research Report, International Centre for Counter-Terrorism, The Hague,(10 Feb., 2021)
• “Bringing Religiosity Back In: Critical Reflection on the Explanation of Western Homegrown Religious Terrorism (Part I),” Perspectives on Terrorism 15 (1) 2021: 2-16.
• “Bringing Religiosity Back In: Critical Reflection on the Explanation of Western Homegrown Religious Terrorism (Part II),” Perspectives on Terrorism 15 (2) 2021: 1-21.
• “Terror and Violence” in Robert Segal and Nickolas P. Roubekas, eds., Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion (2nd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2021: 440-450.
• “A Comparative Analysis of the Nature and Evolution of the Domestic Jihadist Threat to Australia and Canada (2000-2020). (with Shandon Harris-Hogan and Amarnath Amarasingam) Perspectives on Terrorism 14 (5), 2020: 77-102.
• “Taking Terrorist Accounts of their Motivations Seriously: An Exploration of the Hermeneutics of Suspicion,” Perspectives on Terrorism 13 (5), 2019: 65-80.
• “Canadian Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq, 2012-2016,” (with Amarnath Amarasingam) in Jeremy Littlewood, Lorne L. Dawson, and Sara Thompson, eds., Terrorism and Counterterrorism in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020: 49-76.
• “Clarifying the Explanatory Context for Developing Theories of Radicalization: Five Basic Considerations.” Journal for Deradicalization 18 (Spring), 2019: 50-87.
• “Debating the Role of Religion in the Motivation of Religious Terrorism,” Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 31 (2), 2018: 98-117.
• “Challenging the Curious Erasure of Religion from the Study of Religious Terrorism,” Numen Vol. 65, No. 2-3, 2018:141-164.
• “The Failure of Prophecy and the Future of IS,” The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague, Policy Brief 8 No. 3, 2017.
• , “Discounting Religion in the Explanation of Homegrown Terrorism: A Critique,” in James R. Lewis, ed., Cambridge Companion to Religion and Terrorism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017: 32-45.
• “Sketch of a Social Ecology Model for Explaining Homegrown Terrorist Radicalisation,” The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague, Research Note 8 No. 1, 2017.
• “Talking to Foreign Fighters: Insights into the Motivations for Hijrah to Syria and Iraq,” (with Amarnath Amarasingam) Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 40, No. 3, 2017: 191-210.
• “Trying to Make Sense of Home-Grown Terrorist Radicalization: The Case of the Toronto 18,” Paul Bramadat and Lorne Dawson, eds., Religious Radicalization and Securitization in Canada and Beyond, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014: 64-91.
• “The Neglected Role of Charismatic Authority in the Study of Terrorist Groups and Radicalization.” (with David Hofmann) Studies in Conflict and Terrorism Vol. 37, No. 4, 2014: 348-368.
• “The Study of New Religious Movements and the Radicalization of Home-grown Terrorists: Opening a Dialogue.” Terrorism and Political Violence Vol. 21, No. 1, 2010: 1-21.
• "Clearing the Underbrush: Moving Beyond Festinger to a New Paradigm for the Study of Failed Prophecy," in William Swatos and Diana Tumminia, eds., How Prophecy Lives. Leiden, Holland: Brill (2011).
• "Leadership and the Impact of Failed Prophecy on New Religious Movements: The Case of the Church Universal and Triumphant," in William Swatos and Diana Tumminia, eds., How Prophecy Lives. Leiden, Holland: Brill (with Bradley C. Whitsel; 2011).
• "Prophetic Failure and Millennial Movements," in Catherine Wessinger, ed., Oxford Handbook of Millennialism. New York: Oxford University Press (2011).
• "Charismatic Leadership in Millennialist Movements: Its Nature, Origins, and Development," in Catherine Wessinger, ed., Oxford Handbook of Millennialism. New York: Oxford University Press (2011).
• "The Study of New Religious Movements and the Radicalization of Home-grown Terrorists: Opening a Dialogue," Terrorism and Political Violence Vol. 21, No. 1, 2010: 1-21.
• "Church-Sect-Cult: Constructing Typologies of Religious Groups," Chapter 29 in Peter Clarke, ed., Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008: 525-544.
• "Is there a ‘Renaissance’ of Religion in Canada? A Critical Look at Bibby and Beyond." Studies in Religion Vol. 37, No. 3-4, 2008: 389-415 (with Joel Thiessen).
• "The Scandal of the Lubavitch Rebbe: Messianism as a Response to Failed Prophecy." Journal of Contemporary Religion. Vol. 23, No. 2, 2008: 163-180 (with Simon Dein).
• "Civil Religion in America and in Global Context," in James Beckford and N. J. Demerath III, eds., Handbook of Sociology of Religion. London: Sage, 2007: 251-276; reprinted in Religion, State and Politics, The Open University of Israel, 2008 (with Marcela Cristi).
• "The Meaning and Significance of New Religious Movements,"in David G. Bromley, ed., Teaching About New Religious Movements. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007: 115-134.
• "Privatization, Globalization and Religious Innovation: Giddens’ Theory of Modernity and the Refutation of Secularization," in James A. Beckford and John Walliss, eds., Theorising Religion: Classical and Contemporary Debates. London: Ashgate, 2006: 105-119.
• "Psychopathologies and the Attribution of Charisma: A Critical Introduction to the Psychology of Charisma and the Explanation of Violence in New Religious Movements." Nova Religio Vol. 10, No. 2, 2006: 3-28.

Notes[]

External links[]

• Home page at the University of Waterloo website