Lotería
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![]() Lotería boards | |
Other names | Mexican bingo,[1] Chalupa |
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Languages | Spanish |
Random chance | High |
Materials required | cards |
Lotería (Spanish word meaning "lottery") is a traditional game of chance, similar to bingo, but using images on a deck of cards instead of numbered ping pong balls. Every image has a name and an assigned number, but the number is usually ignored. Each player has at least one tabla, a board with a randomly created 4 x 4 grid of pictures with their corresponding name and number. Players choose a tabla to play with, from a variety of previously created tablas, each with a different selection of images.
The traditional Lotería card deck is composed of a set of 54 different cards, each with a different picture. To start the game, the caller (cantor, Spanish for "singer") shuffles the deck. One by one, the caller picks a card from the deck and announces it to the players by its name, sometimes using a verse before reading the card name. Each player locates the matching pictogram of the card just announced on their board and marks it off with a chip or other kind of marker. In Mexico, it is traditional to use small rocks, crown corks or pinto beans as markers. The winner is the first player that shouts "¡Buena!" right after completing a tabla or a previous agreed pattern: row, column, diagonal, or a pozo.
History[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Loteria_how_to_win.gif/220px-Loteria_how_to_win.gif)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Loteria_De_Pozo.jpg/220px-Loteria_De_Pozo.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Loteria_Mexicana_first_online_game.jpg/220px-Loteria_Mexicana_first_online_game.jpg)
The origin of lotería can be traced far back in history. The game originated in Italy in the 15th century and was brought to New Spain (modern Mexico) in 1769. In the beginning, lotería was a hobby of the upper classes,[1] but eventually it became a tradition at Mexican fairs.
Don Clemente Jacques began publishing the game in 1887.[1] His version of the game was distributed to Mexican soldiers along with their rations and supplies.[2]
The images Don Clemente used in his card designs have become iconic in Mexican culture, as well as gaining popularity in the U.S. and some European countries. Many of the pictures used in Don Clemente's lotería resemble the Major Arcana of Tarot cards used for divination (which, in turn, are based on cards used in Tarot card games).[2] Other popular lotería sets are Lotería Leo, Gacela and Lotería de mi tierra.
Alternative versions[]
Lotería de Pozo is a variant version of the traditional Mexican Lotería, where the basic rules apply. For this version, before the game begins, players agree on how many pozos are to be completed in a row, column or diagonal pattern. A Pozo is a group of images in a square. The square may contain 2 x 2 (4) or 3 x 3 (9) images[3] for a traditional tabla.
During the 1930s, the Roman Catholic church came up with its own version of la lotería, most likely because of the connections between Don Clemente's popular images and Tarot cards; divination and fortune-telling are prohibited by Catholic doctrine.[4] This alternative lotería deck consisted of Catholic images instead of the traditional images used in the original game, likely allowing devout Catholics a way to enjoy the game without those "sinful" connotations and giving the Church a way to teach its beliefs by way of the Lotería.[1]
With the rise of online gaming and app-based gaming, electronic versions such as the Loteria online game allow computer users to play an online version of the Lotería Mexicana.[5]
Cards and associated verses[]
The following is a list of the original 54 lotería cards, traditionally and broadly recognized in Mexico. Below each card name and number, are the verses (in Spanish) sometimes used to tell the players which card was drawn. However, there are several less traditional sets of cards, depicting different objects or animals.
1 El gallo ("the rooster")
2 El diablito ("the little Devil")
3 La dama ("the lady")
4 El catrín ("the dandy")
5 El paraguas ("the umbrella")
6 La sirena ("the mermaid")
7 La escalera ("the ladder")
8 La botella ("the bottle")
9 El barril ("the barrel")
10 El árbol ("the tree")
11 El melón ("the melon")
12 El valiente ("the brave man")
13 El gorrito ("the little bonnet")
14 La muerte ("Death")
15 La pera ("the pear")
16 La bandera ("the flag")
17 El bandolón ("the mandolin")
18 El violoncello ("the cello")
19 La garza ("the heron")
20 El pájaro ("the bird")
21 La mano ("the hand")
22 La bota ("the boot")
23 La luna ("the moon")
24 El cotorro ("the parrot")
25 El borracho ("the drunkard")
26 El negrito ("the little black man")
27 El corazón ("the heart")
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28 La sandía ("the watermelon")
29 El tambor ("the drum")
30 El camarón ("the shrimp")
31 Las jaras ("the arrows")
32 El músico ("the musician")
33 La araña ("the spider")
34 El soldado ("the soldier")
35 La estrella ("the star")
36 El cazo ("the saucepan")
37 El mundo ("the world")
38 El Apache ("the Apache")
39 El nopal ("the prickly pear cactus")
40 El alacrán ("the scorpion")
41 La rosa ("the rose")
42 La calavera ("the skull")
43 La campana ("the bell")
44 El cantarito ("the little water pitcher")
45 El venado ("the deer")
46 El Sol ("the sun")
47 La corona ("the crown")
48 La chalupa ("the canoe")
49 El pino ("the pine tree")
50 El pescado ("the fish")
51 La palma ("the palm tree")
52 La maceta ("the flowerpot")
53 El arpa ("the harp")
54 La rana ("the frog")
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Google tribute[]
On December 9, 2019, Google celebrated Lotería with a Google Doodle.[6] The interactive game has the El Apache, El borracho, El diablito, El gorrito, La muerte, El negrito, El soldado, and El valiente cards replaced with El ajolote ("the axolotl"), El buscador ("the search engine"), La concha ("the conch"), El elote ("the fresh ear of corn"), El emoji ("the emoji"), El gorro ("the cap"), El guacamole ("the guacamole"), and El xoloitzcuintle ("the hairless dog").[citation needed] Artworks for La sirena and El guacamole cards not found during the game can still be seen in the background of the end screen.
Film adaptation[]
In July 2021, Netflix announced a film adaptation based around the game with James Bobin set to direct and Eugenio Derbez in a leading role.[7]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Villegas, Teresa. "History of La Lotería" Archived 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine, www.teresavillegas.com
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Lotería Cards". Tarot Heritage. 2014-10-01. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
- ^ "Lotería de Pozo". www.maravillasoftware.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-17. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, "Divination and Magic," ¶ 2115-2116. Retrieved 21 April 2021 from https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c1a1.htm.
- ^ "How the Loteria Mexicana / Mexican Bingo became an online game?". Maravilla Software. Archived from the original on 2019-06-13. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
- ^ "Celebrating Lotería!". Google. 9 December 2019. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ Malkin, Mark (July 15, 2021). "Eugenio Derbez to Star in Netflix Family Film Inspired by Lotería Card Game". Variety. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
Further reading[]
- Lotería: A Novel, by Mario Alberto Zambrano
- Playing Lotería: El Juego de La Lotería, by René Colato Laínez
- El Arte de la Suerte, by Artes de Mexico Número 13, Otoño 1991, Nueva Época
- Loteria Rules and how to play
External links[]
Media related to Lotería (board game) at Wikimedia Commons
- Software to print Lotería: Loteria Workshop
- Pictures of different lotería decks
- Lotería de pozo : Another way to play lotería
- Rules and pictures (in Spanish)
- Bingo
- Dedicated deck card games
- Mexican-American culture
- Mexican culture
- Mexican card games
- Mexican Bingo