Lycodes

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Lycodes
PolarEelpout-B-Sheiko.jpg
Lycodes turneri
Lycodes vahlii.jpg
Lycodes vahlii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Perciformes
Family:
Zoarcidae
Subfamily:
Genus:
Lycodes

Lycodes is a genus of zoarcid fish in the subfamily .[1][2] It is the most species-rich genus in its taxonomic family as well as in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent waters. They occupy both shallow waters and deeper waters down to 3000 meters. A few species can occur in brackish waters.[3]

Description[]

The genus is characterized by one autapomorphy: submental crests, the more or less pronounced cartilage extensions on the lower jaws. Within the genus, one clade has been identified, the "short-tailed" Lycodes that are associated with shallower depths (0–1200 m) than the long-tailed species (3–3000 m). Short tail might represent an adaptation to shallow, Arctic waters; the clade includes many Arctic endemics. In contrast, the long-tailed species do not form a monophyletic group. Coloration of all short-tailed Lycodes includes some sorts of stripes, marks, or reticulations, while the long-tailed species are uniformly brownish, striped, or spotted.[3]

Ecology[]

Lycodes are bottom-dwelling fish with a relatively stationary life style. The eggs are benthic, few in number (<2000) and large in size (as large as 10 mm (0.4 in)).[3]

Species[]

Saddled eelpout

Currently, 64 species are placed in this genus:[2]

  • & , 1993 (Adolf's eelpout)
  • & , 2006
  • Andriashev, 1955 (whitebar eelpout)
  • (Taranetz & Andriashev, 1934)
  • , 1950
  • Andriashev, 1935 (Bering eelpout)
  • T. H. Bean, 1890 (shortfin eelpout)
  • , 1935 (tawnystripe eelpout)
  • Matsubara, 1936
  • T. N. Gill & Townsend, 1897 (ebony eelpout)
  • (C. H. Gilbert, 1890) (bigfin eelpout)
  • C. H. Gilbert, 1892 (black eelpout)
  • Collett, 1875 (greater eelpout)
  • , 1902 (doubleline eelpout)
  • (, 1904) (banded eelpout)
  • Collett, 1879 (glacial eelpout)
  • , 1985
  • M. Sars, 1867
  • Soldatov, 1916
  • Matsubara, 1955
  • Matsubara & , 1951
  • Taranetz & Andriashev, 1935
  • Knipowitsch, 1906 (Shulupaoluk)
  • & , 1936 (Newfoundland eelpout)
  • Collett, 1880 (Lütken's eelpout)
  • P. Y. Schmidt, 1937
  • Taranetz & Andriashev, 1935
  • Knipowitsch, 1906 (white sea eelpout)
  • Toyoshima, 1985
  • , 2001 (McAllister's eelpout)
  • P. Y. Schmidt, 1950
  • Toyoshima, 1983
  • J. Richardson, 1855 (saddled eelpout)
  • (S. Tanaka (I), 1914) [4]
  • Shinohara & Shirai, 2005
  • Toyoshima, 1985
  • Toyoshima, 1985
  • Møller, 2001 (Paamiut eelpout)
  • Collett, 1879 (blackbelly eelpout)
  • C. H. Gilbert, 1896 (wattled eelpout)
  • Collett, 1879 (pale eelpout)
  • Toyoshima, 1985
  • Toyoshima, 1985
  • (E. Sabine, 1824) (Canadian eelpout)
  • Taranetz & Andriashev, 1937 (marbled eelpout)
  • J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1835 (Arctic eelpout)
  • Malmgren, 1865 (threespot eelpout)
  • Toyoshima & , 1980
  • D. E. McAllister, 1976 (archer eelpout)
  • , 1907
  • (Popov, 1931)
  • J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1837 (longear eelpout)
  • & , 1975
  • Taranetz & Andriashev, 1935
  • , 1904 (scalebelly eelpout)
  • D. S. Jordan & W. F. Thompson, 1914
  • Katayama, 1943
  • Lycodes terraenovae Collett, 1896 (Newfoundland eelpout, Atlantic eelpout)
  • (Katayama, 1941)
  • T. H. Bean, 1879 (polar eelpout)
  • Popov, 1931
  • Lycodes vahlii J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1831 (Vahl's eelpout)
  • Toyoshima, 1985
  • P. Y. Schmidt, 1950

References[]

  1. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Lycodes". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Lycodes in FishBase. June 2018 version.
  3. ^ a b c Møller, Peter R. & Gravlund, Peter (2003). "Phylogeny of the eelpout genus Lycodes (Pisces, Zoarcidae) as inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rDNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 26 (3): 369–388. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00362-7. PMID 12644398.
  4. ^ Saveliev, Pavel A.; Balanov, Andrey A. & Kukhlevskii, Andrey D. (2014). "On the colour types in Lycodes nakamurae (Tanaka, 1914) and species composition of the subgenus Furcimanus (Perciformes: Zoarcidae: Lycodes) in the Sea of Japan". Zootaxa. 3811 (3811): 119–128. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3811.1.7. PMID 24943152.
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