Lygodium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lygodium
Temporal range: Cretaceous–Recent
Climbing fern.jpg
Lygodium japonicum
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Schizaeales
Family: Lygodiaceae
C.Presl
Genus: Lygodium
Sw.
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

(family)

  • Thyrsopteridoideae B.K.Nayar

Lygodium (climbing fern) is a genus of about 40 species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, with a few temperate species in eastern Asia and eastern North America. It is the sole genus in the family Lygodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[1] Alternatively, the genus may be placed as the only genus in the subfamily Lygodioideae of a more broadly defined family Schizaeaceae,[2] the family placement used in Plants of the World Online as of November 2019.[3]

Description[]

Lygodium are unusual in that the rachis, or midrib, of the frond is thin, flexible, and long, the frond unrolling with indeterminate growth and the rachis twining around supports, so that each frond forms a distinct vine. The fronds may be from 3–12 m (9.8–39.4 ft) long, depending on the species.[citation needed]

Uses[]

Lygodium species, known as nito, are used as a source of fibers in the Philippines. The fibers are used as material for weaving, most notably of traditional salakot headgear.[4][5]

As invasive species[]

Some Lygodium species are now considered very problematic invasive weeds in the southeastern United States. Populations of Lygodium have increased more than 12-fold over the past decade, as noted by Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.[6]

Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum) was added to the Florida Noxious Weed List in 1999. It is also a major problem in pine plantations, causing contamination and harvesting problems for the pine straw industry. Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) infests cypress swamps and other hydric sites, forming a monoculture. This massive infestation displaces all native flora and fauna, completely changing the ecosystem of the area.[7]

Plants in this genus have basal chromosome counts of n=28, 29, 30.

Selected species[]

  • Lygodium articulatum – New Zealand (North Island).[8]
  • – Tropical Asia and Australasia.
  • – China.
  • – Cuba, Hispaniola.
  • – China.
  • – Southern China south to northern Australasia, Kerala(South India).
  • Lygodium japonicum – Japanese climbing fern. Eastern Asia south to northern Australia.
  • Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. – Old World climbing fern. Africa, south Asia and Australia.
  • – China.
  • Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Swartz – American climbing fern. Eastern United States (rare, confined to acid soils).
  • – China.
  • – Australia, Polynesia.
  • – Southern China south to northern Australasia.
  • – China.
  • – Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia.
  • – Northern South America, Central America, Caribbean.
  • – Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia.
  • – Southern China.

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
  3. ^ "Lygodium Sw". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-11-23.
  4. ^ Salakot and Other Headgear (PDF). ICHCAP, UNESCO.
  5. ^ "Lygodium (PROSEA)". Pl@ntUse. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  6. ^ "SS-AGR-21/AG122: Natural Area Weeds: Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)". Edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  7. ^ "Japanese climbing fern—Lygodium japonicum | Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants". Plants.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  8. ^ "Flora of New Zealand | General Profile | Lygodium articulatum". Nzflora.info. Retrieved 2014-07-15.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""