M1161 Growler

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This article is about the U.S. military ground vehicle, a jeep. For other topics, see Growler (disambiguation).
M1161 Growler internally transportable vehicle
USMC Growler.jpg
U.S. Marine Corps M1161 Growler ITV-LSV
TypeFast attack / light utility vehicle
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service2009–present
Used byUnited States Marine Corps
Production history
DesignerAmerican Growler
Designed1999
ManufacturerGrowler Manufacturing and Engineering
Unit cost$209,000 USD scout, $1,078,000 USD mortar combination
Produced2009–present
VariantsM1163 prime mover expeditionary fire support system (EFSS)
Specifications
MassCurb 2,058 kg (4,537 lb) or 3,872 kg (8,536 lb) with maximum payload
Length4.14 m (163 in)
Width1.5 m (59 in)
Height1.19 m (47 in) stowed, 1.84 m (72 in) standard road height and 1.92 m (76 in) at maximum clearance
Crew1 driver, 3 passengers
ArmorKevlar frag-resistant seats
Main
armament
M2HB .50cal BMG machine gun
Secondary
armament
M240G 7.62mm MG or Mk19 40mm automatic grenade launcher
Engine2.8 Liter In-line 4-cylinder OHV 12-valve turbo-diesel (Navistar Defense)
132 bhp @ 3,600 rpm / 230 ft lbs torque @ 2,000 rpm
Payload capacity900 kg (2,000 lb) cross-country
TransmissionGeneral Motors 4L70E 4-speed automatic transmission with overdrive, Chrysler 2-speed manual transfer case (2WD Hi/Lo and 4WD Hi/Lo)
SuspensionAir ride gas bladder suspension, height-adjustable on the fly via dash control panel
Fuel capacity91 litres (24 US gal) via twin 45 litres (12 US gal) fuel tanks using JP-8, commercial diesel, DF-2 or JP-5
Operational
range
657 km (408 mi) unrefueled
Maximum speed 137 km/h (85 mph) maximum on paved roads, 105 km/h (65 mph) cross-country
Steering
system
Four wheel steering via joystick control with auto-centering

The M1161 Growler is officially the Internally Transportable Light Strike Vehicle (ITV-LSV) designed specifically for use with the V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft. The M1161 and M1163 are the only tactical vehicles certified to fly in the V-22.[1][2] Fulfilling multiple roles of light utility, light strike and fast attack vehicle, the M1161 Growler is smaller than most international vehicles in the same role. It has taken over duties of the M151 jeep-type variants and replaced the Interim Fast Attack Vehicle (IFAV).

A separate US Marine Corps variant, the shorter two-seat M1163 prime mover is combined with the M327 towed 120mm heavy mortar, and also became its ammunition hauler after the M1162 trailer was cancelled.

History[]

Development for the Growler began in 1999 by American Growler when the Marine Corps sought a vehicle that could be transported in a V-22 Osprey. Though the initial design used elements and parts from the drive train of the M151 which it was intended to replace, the final design featured entirely new parts and systems to allow it to fulfill its mission. This included allowing it to fit within the confines of a V-22's cargo bay. No major components from the M151 design are used in the manufacture of the M1161 or M1163 variant. Initial engineering of the M1161 is most closely related to American Growler's commercial UV 100 DB off-road vehicle. Manufacture of the Growler variants was later transferred to General Dynamics facilities but are otherwise identical.[3][4][5]

M1163 Prime Mover with towed M327 mortar, and M1161 ITV-LSV Growler variants
M327 towed 120mm heavy mortar and M1163 Growler back into an MV-22 Osprey on board USS Iwo Jima.
Growler Prime Mover with 120mm M327 Rifled Mortar.
M327 120mm Rifled Towed Mortar ready to fire in training exercise

Development[]

Two different versions of the Growler were developed; the M1161 light strike vehicle (LSV), and the M1163 prime mover variant as part of the Expeditionary Fire Support System (EFSS) towed heavy 120mm mortar. A number of the separate 36-round ammunition trailers, the M1162 were ordered, but further design was dropped and its duties to carry the 35 lb mortar shells were incorporated into the M1163 Prime Mover. The M1161 LSV variant is armed with either an M2HB .50cal BMG machine gun, M240G 7.62mm MG or Mk19 40mm automatic grenade launcher. The 120mm mortar towed by the M1163 Prime Mover is the French RT-120, deployed by United States forces as the M327 Dragon Fire. The Growler's central role of cross-country scout and aerially-deployed forward unit has led to further modifications, including use of the rifled precision extended range munition (PERM) system.[6]

On November 10, 2004, the Marine Corps Systems Command (MCSC) awarded indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contract M67854-05-D-6014 with firm-fixed-price and cost-plus-award-fee contract line-item numbers for a base year and up to six option years to General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GDOTS) for $12,057,159 for procurement of 66 EFSSs and up to 650 ITVs. The MCSC selected GDOTS over two other offerors. On September 20, 2007, Senator Carl Levin, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Armed Services filed a protest on behalf of a constituent, Rae-Beck Automotive, LLC, a subcontractor to one of the losing offerors. The DOD inspector general's audit did not substantiate most of the constituent’s concerns, but did note concerns with the MCSC program management and contract award for the EFSS and ITV programs.[7]

By 2008, unit cost had risen by 120%, leaving each Growler scout variant with a cost of $209,000 per unit. The prime mover mortar contract price rose by 86%, to $1,078,000 cost per unit.[8][7] The first Growlers were deployed to Marine units in January 2009 for field testing, one year beyond the contracted delivery date. By August 2011, 209 M1161s and 102 M1163s had been produced, with 42 additional M1163s on order. Eventually, 266 M1161 ITVs and another 145 "prime mover" variants were purchased.[9] The vehicles saw combat with elements of MarSoc in Afghanistan from 2011-2014.[10][failed verification]

Problems with M1161 and M1163's throttle system were identified in May 2012 following an accident at MCB Camp Pendleton, California. The entire vehicle fleet was grounded, pending repair.[8]

During RIMPAC 2014, the Marines fitted a Growler ITV with Torc Robotics' Ground Unmanned Support Surrogate (GUSS) system, turning it into an unmanned ground vehicle. The GUSS system's aim is to lighten troops' loads by carrying up to 1,600 lb (730 kg) of equipment; it can also serve as an unmanned medical evacuation vehicle. A GUSS-equipped ITV can autonomously follow a person wearing a beacon at a predetermined distance while cruising at up to 8 mph (13 km/h). A Marine can take direct control of the vehicle through a robotic controller or switch it to manual operation and drive it themselves if needed. The unmanned ITV may be fielded within five years.[11]

Replacement[]

In June 2012, the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) expressed interest in procuring Non Developmental Item (NDI) vehicles that would be highly mobile, V-22 transportable platforms.[12] The Marines are seeking a replacement for the Growler ITV, running parallel with SOCOM's efforts to develop a new Osprey-transportable vehicle.[12] The effort comes from higher demand in operations and the service's Expeditionary Force 21 concept, which emphasizes lighter forces. Quick-reaction Marine expeditionary units typically deploy with as many as 20 ITVs.

A limited objective experiment and technical assessment was conducted by the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory in September 2015 to define the need and find vehicles to fill it,[9] performing missions ranging from light strike to logistics and casualty evacuation.[13] The conclusion was that the ITV vehicles were ineffective as a strike vehicle, but worked well as a logistics vehicle by removing a lot of weight from Marines' backs.[9]

Manufactured between 2004 and 2010, Growler ITV procurement and fielding was ineffectively timed since operations in Iraq and Afghanistan led to most units relying on armored vehicles because of the threat of roadside bombs. Originally intended for infantry, Growlers were fielded primarily with reconnaissance, marine special operations, and artillery communities. A new ITV would be fielded with infantry forces to serve company-sized landing teams. Although designed for light strike, experiments have shown an ITV's greatest roles to be casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) and logistics to lighten individuals' loads. Replacement efforts were anticipated to begin in 2018.[9]

Civilian Sales[]

In February 2019, GovPlanet announced that it will be selling the ITV Growlers to the public for the first time. Growlers will be sold in a public auction setting in March 2019.[14]

Operators[]

Current operators[]

Plus "approximately 1,000 vehicles to foreign militaries around the world."[16]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ M1161 Light Strike Vehicle
  2. ^ M1163 Prime Mover
  3. ^ Land: light but 'hot': special operations forces units historically operate at the 'light' end of the equipment spectrum and rely primarily upon stealth for their survivabilit...
  4. ^ "UV100DB Tactical Military Dune Buggy". Angelfire.com. 2001-03-20. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  5. ^ Komarow, Steven (December 29, 2005), "Corps pays $100K for retooled jeep", USA Today, pp. A04
  6. ^ "EFSS - 120MM Rifled Mortar Ammunition Suite - General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems". Gd-ots.com. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  7. ^ a b Inspector General, United States Department of Defense (14 January 2009). Expeditionary Fire Support System and Internally Transportable Vehicle Programs (PDF) (Report No. D-2009-041 ed.). Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  8. ^ a b Pincus, Walter (3 Feb 2009), "Marines' New Ride Rolls Out Years Late", Washington Post, pp. A04
  9. ^ a b c d "US Marines Mull Replacement for Osprey-Carried Vehicle". Marine Corps Times. 24 September 2015.
  10. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2012-11-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ Marine Corps tests autonomous mini-truck – Gizmag.com, 6 August 2014
  12. ^ a b V22 ITV - Federal Business Opportunities: Opportunities
  13. ^ USMC Eyes Options for Light Vehicle – Defensenews.com, 20 May 2015
  14. ^ GovPlanet set to sell U.S. military ITV and MTVR vehicles for first time ever - Govplanet.com
  15. ^ http://www.growlerme.com/aboutus.html[dead link]
  16. ^ https://www.manufacturednc.com/American-Growler-Inc

External links[]

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