Macaranga
Macaranga | |
---|---|
Macaranga peltata | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
Subfamily: | Acalyphoideae |
Tribe: | Acalypheae |
Subtribe: | Macaranginae |
Genus: | Macaranga Thouars 1806[1] |
Type species | |
Macaranga mauritiana | |
Synonyms[4] | |
Macaranga is a large genus of Old World tropical trees of the family Euphorbiaceae and the only genus in the subtribe Macaranginae (tribe Acalypheae). Native to Africa, Australasia, Asia and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the genus comprises over 300 different species.[4][5] It was first described as a genus in 1806, based on specimens collected on the Island of Mauritius.[1][3]
Macaranga is noted for being recolonizers. Macaranga species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. Macaranga species often form symbioses with ant (Formicidae) species (particularly Crematogaster ants of the subgenus ) because they have hollow stems that can serve as nesting space and occasionally provide nectar. The trees benefit because the ants attack herbivorous insects and either drive them away or feed on them.[6]
Use[]
- Macaranga gum, a crimson resin, is obtained from Macaranga indica.
- Macaranga tanarius leaves are used by the Rungus indigenous people in Sabah, Malaysia to pack cooked rice into bundles to preserve it and impart a pleasant aroma.[7]
Species[]
Plants of the World Online currently includes: [8]
- Airy Shaw
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- L.M.Perry
- Baker
- Pax & Lingelsh.
- F.Muell.
- Whitmore
- Baker
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- Merr.
- Airy Shaw
- Kurz
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- S.J.Davies
- K.Schum. & Lauterb.
- S.J.Davies
- Amougou
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Macaranga attenuata J.W.Moore
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- Müll.Arg.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- Müll.Arg.
- Merr.
- Macaranga beillei Prain
- L.M.Perry
- Macaranga bicolor Müll.Arg.
- J.J.Sm.
- Baill.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Airy Shaw
- Airy Shaw
- Ridl.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- A.C.Sm.
- Becc.
- Airy Shaw
- (Baill.) Sim
- Macaranga carolinensis Volkens
- L.M.Perry
- Whitmore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Macaranga caudatifolia Elmer
- Koord.
- Airy Shaw
- Airy Shaw
- K.Schum. & Lauterb.
- (Zoll. & Rchb.f.) Müll.Arg.
- Warb.
- L.M.Perry
- Airy Shaw
- Macaranga congestiflora Merr.
- Macaranga conglomerata Brenan
- (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore & Airy Shaw
- (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
- (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- J.J.Sm.
- Elmer
- (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
- (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Müll.Arg.
- Boivin ex Baill.
- (Baill.) Airy Shaw
- Airy Shaw
- W.N.Takeuchi
- Leandri
- L.M.Perry
- Warb.
- Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg.
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- De Wild.
- Whitmore
- (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- (Wight) Müll.Arg.
- (G.Forst.) Müll.Arg.
- Airy Shaw
- Whitmore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Baker
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Whitmore
- W.N.Takeuchi
- L.M.Perry
- Whitmore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Baker
- L.M.Perry
- Airy Shaw
- Prain
- Whitmore
- Hook.f.
- Macaranga gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Merr.
- (Hassk.) Airy Shaw
- (Juss.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
- S.J.Davies
- L.M.Perry
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- McPherson
- Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr.
- Müll.Arg.
- Müll.Arg.
- Gilli
- Whitmore
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Airy Shaw
- Whitmore
- (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Rehder
- Whitmore
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Baill.
- (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
- I.M.Johnst.
- (Blume) Müll.Arg.
- L.M.Perry
- King ex Hook.f.
- Macaranga huahineensis J.Florence
- King ex Hook.f.
- Leandri
- Beille
- (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Airy Shaw
- F.Muell. ex Benth.
- Macaranga indica Wight
- Whitmore
- L.M.Perry
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Whitmore
- Baill.
- (Blume) Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- Hosok.
- Pax
- Airy Shaw
- Hook.f.
- Pierre ex Prain
- L.M.Perry
- (Kuntze) Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Whitmore & Airy Shaw
- Whitmore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Pellegr.
- Merr.
- Airy Shaw
- Elmer
- L.M.Perry
- De Wild.
- (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg.
- Chiov.
- Airy Shaw
- King ex Hook.f.
- Whitmore
- Whitmore
- (Pax & Lingelsh.) Pax
- Baker
- Turrill
- L.M.Perry
- Pax
- (L.) Müll.Arg.
- A.C.Sm.
- Macaranga mauritiana Bojer ex Baill.
- Airy Shaw
- S.Moore
- Airy Shaw
- Prain
- Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- S.Moore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Müll.Arg.
- Whistler
- Merr.
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Müll.Arg.
- Baker
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- Whitmore
- N.P.Balakr. & Chakr.
- Elmer
- Macaranga novoguineensis J.J.Sm.
- Whitmore
- Baill.
- Boivin ex Baill.
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Merr.
- Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- (J.J.Sm.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Whitmore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Macaranga paxii Prain
- Merr.
- Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
- S.J.Davies
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- Prain
- Airy Shaw
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Airy Shaw
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- L.M.Perry
- Pax
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Gilli
- Airy Shaw
- (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- Heine
- K.Schum.
- Macaranga puncticulata Gage
- Warb.
- Whitmore
- Baker
- Macaranga raivavaeensis H.St.John
- Elmer
- Whitmore
- Gage
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Airy Shaw
- (Blume) Müll.Arg.
- Airy Shaw
- Baker
- Merr.
- Whitmore
- Heine
- S.J.Davies
- Warb.
- Pax
- Airy Shaw
- L.M.Perry
- Hance
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- Pax
- Müll.Arg.
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- Gage
- S.J.Davies
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore & S.J.Davies
- Baker
- Müll.Arg.
- Pax
- Whitmore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- L.M.Perry
- Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Airy Shaw
- Benth.
- K.Schum. & Lauterb.
- Whitmore
- Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- Elmer
- Macaranga taitensis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg.
- Pellegr.
- Airy Shaw
- Gage
- (Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Whitmore
- Merr.
- Gagnep.
- Airy Shaw
- L.M.Perry
- Macaranga trichocarpa (Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- Macaranga triloba (Thunb.) Müll.Arg.
- J.Florence
- Whitmore
- S.J.Davies
- Whitmore
- De Wild.
- (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
- (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.
- S.J.Davies
- Macaranga venosa J.W.Moore
- De Wild.
- L.M.Perry
- (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
- Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Whitmore
- Airy Shaw
References[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Macaranga. |
Wikispecies has information related to Macaranga. |
- ^ a b Du Petit-Thouars (1806). Genera nova madagascariensia secundum methodum jussiaeanam disposita. Paris. 29pp
- ^ neotype, mistakenly called lectotype, designated by M. J. E. Coode, Taxon 25: 184 (1976). Cannot be lectotype because not described until 1859
- ^ a b Tropicos, genus Macaranga
- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Federle, W.; Maschwitz, U.; Fiala, B. (1998). "The two-partner ant-plant system of Camponotus (Colobopsis) sp. 1 and Macaranga puncticulata (Euphorbiaceae): Natural history of the exceptional ant partner". Insectes Sociaux. 45 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s000400050064. S2CID 26704950.
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/pg/geraioa/photos/?tab=album&album_id=10157033718332367
- ^ Plants of the World Online: Macaranga Thouars (retrieved 13 June 2020)
- Macaranga
- Euphorbiaceae genera