Mahsati

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This article is about Persian poet. For the contemporary singer, see Mahasti.

Mahsati Ganjavi (Persian: مهستی گنجوی‎), (born c. 1089 in Ganja – died after 1159) was a 12th-century Persian[1][2][3] poet. Mahsati (مهستی) is a compound of two Persian words "Mah/Maah" (Moon) and "Sati" (Lady). [4] The word appears in the works of Sanai,[4] Nizami,[4] Attar,[5] Rumi,[6] and Saadi,.[4] As an eminent poet, she was composer of quatrains (ruba'is).

Biography[]

Originated from Ganja, she was said to have associated with both Omar Khayyam and Nizami. She is also said to have been a companion of Sultan Sanjar. Her alleged free way of living and peddled verses have stamped her as a Persian Madame Sans-Gêne.[7][8] Her purported love affairs are recounted in the works of Jauhari of Bukhara.

Her real name was Manija whereas Mahsati was merely taken as a literary pseudonym.[9] It is assumed by some modern philologists that she used to live in Balkh, Merv, Nishapur and Herat, and then returned to Ganja in adulthood.[10]

No details about her life are documented except that she was born in Ganja and was highly esteemed at the court of Sultan Sanjar of the Seljuk dynasty. She is said to have attracted the notice and gained the favor of Sanjar by the following verse, which she extemporized one evening when the King, on going out from his audience-hall to mount his horse, found that a sudden fall of snow had covered the ground:

شاها فلکت اسب سعادت زین کرد
وز جملهٔ خسروان تو را تحسین کرد
تا در حرکت، سمند زرین نعلت
بر گِل ننهد پای، زمین سیمین کرد‎

For thee hath Heaven saddled Fortune’s steed,
O, King, and chosen thee from all who lead,
Now o’er the Earth it spreads a silver sheet
To guard from mud thy gold-shod charger’s feet

—Translation by Edward G. Browne

It is also known that Mahsati was persecuted for her courageous poetry condemning religious obscurantism, fanaticism, and dogmas. Her only works that have come down to us are philosophical and love quatrains (rubaiyat), glorifying the joy of living and the fullness of love. The most complete collection of her quatrains are founded in the Nozhat al-Majales. Approximately 60 quatrains of her are found in the Nozhat al-Majales.[11]

Example of original work in Persian[]

ما را به دم تير نگه نتوان داشت
در حجره ی دلگير نگه نتوان داشت
آن را که سر زلف چو زنجيــــر بود
در خانه به زنجير نگه نتوان داشـت‎

We can't be halted by tip of the arrow
In a melancholic cell
The one whose hair is like a chain [for the lover]
Can't be chained indoor

Mahsati Ganjavi Center in Ganja

Commemorations[]

Azerbaijani composer Ertogrul Javid dedicated his unfinished opera based on a poem written by Azerbaijani poet Nigar Rafibeyli to Mahsati.

It should also be noted that the image of Mahsati Ganjavi first appeared on the Azerbaijani stage in 1942 in a play written by Mehti Huseyn ("Nizami", 1940).[12][13]

For the first time, rubai’s and gazals written by Mahsati were collected from various sources and published by Sahab Tahiri.[14]

Life and work of Mahsati Ganjavi were studied by a German scientist, orientalist Fritz Meier (“Schöne Mahsati”, 1963, Wiesbaden).[14]

In memory of Mahsati Ganjavi in 1982, a monument was erected in Ganja (sculptor M. Rzayeva, architect L. Rustamov).[15] There is a museum in Ganja dedicated to her which is functioning in the building of the caravanserai, part of the Sheikh Bahauddin ensemble.[16]

On May 17, 2013, the 900th anniversary of Mahsati[17][14]was celebrated at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.[18][19] The event was organized by the Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan to UNESCO.[20]

On May 18, 2013, as part of the International Museum Day, an exhibition dedicated to Mahsati was held in the Azerbaijan History Museum.[21]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Persian literature
  2. ^ Bruijn, J.T.P. de. "Mahsatī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. excerpt: "a Persian female poet whose historical personality is difficult to ascertain. "
  3. ^ Edward Brown, A literary History of Persia in Four Volumes. Cambridge university Press 1969.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Dehkhoda dictionary, "Mahsati" From Dehkhoda Dictionary: مهستی [ م َ س ِ / م َ هَِ ] (اِ مرکب ) مخفف ماه ستی (ستی مخفف عربی سَیِّدَتی ). ماه خانم . ماه بانو. || از نامهای ایرانی : داشت زالی به روستای تکاو / مهستی نام دختری و سه گاو. سنائی . ستی و مهستی را بر غزلها / شبی صد گنج بخشی در مثلها. نظامی . دختر اندر شکم پسر نشود / مهستی را که دل پسر خواهد. سعدی
  5. ^ See Elahinameh of Attar
  6. ^ نی کدخدای ماهی نی شوهر مهستی
  7. ^ PROPOSALS FOR THE CELEBRATIONS OF ANNIVERSARIES WITH WHICH UNESCO COULD BE ASSOCIATED IN 2012-2013, AND APPEALS BY MEMBER STATES CONCERNING THEIR PROPOSALS
  8. ^ Seyid Yəhya Bakuviyə həsr edilmiş tədbir keçirib
  9. ^ "Mahsati Ganjavi" (PDF).
  10. ^ "Persian literature". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  11. ^ Encyclopedia Iranica, "NOZHAT AL-MAJĀLES", Mohammad-Amin Riahi [1] Archived 2010-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Мехсети Гянджеви на азербайджанской сцене". KASPIY.AZ. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  13. ^ Мехти, Гусейн (1959). Писатели Советского Азербайджана. Азербайджанское государственное издательство. pp. 114–212.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Mehseti Genjevi" (PDF).
  15. ^ Кировабад. Популярная художественная энциклопедия. Под ред. Полевого В. М. Издательство «Советская энциклопедия». 1986.
  16. ^ "Ансамбль Шейха Бахауддина, Гянджа". www.advantour.com. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  17. ^ "Rubai's" (PDF).
  18. ^ "The 900th anniversary of Mahsati Ganjavi".
  19. ^ "2013 | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  20. ^ "Permanent mission of Azerbaijan to UNESCO".
  21. ^ "Exhibition dedicated to Mahsati Ganjavi".

Bibliography[]

  • Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 OCLC 460598. ISBN 90-277-0143-1
  • Edward Brown, A Literary History of Persia. 4 vol. Cambridge university Press 1969, vol. 2, p. 344)
  • R. M. Chopra, Eminent Poetesses of Persia, Iran Society, Kolkata, 2010.
  • Mahsati Ganjavi’s quatrans

External links[]

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