Malwai dialect
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Malwai is a Punjabi dialect spoken in the Malwa region of Punjab. Major Malwai speaking centers are Ferozepur, Fazilka, Faridkot, Muktsar,[note 1] Moga, Bathinda, Sangrur, Barnala, Mansa districts and Jagraon, Raikot and Ludhiana (West) tehsils of Ludhiana district.[note 2] Many Malwai speakers also live in Dabwali, Kalanwali and Rania tehsils of Sirsa district of Haryana, India; the Jakhal and Ratia tehsils of Fatehabad district of Haryana, India; and the Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts of Rajasthan, India.Its occurrence in parts of Pakistani Punjab owes to pre-partition Abadkars(farmers) and then post-1947 migration of Muslim populace from East Punjab. One of the most noticeable different between Majhi and Malwai is that Majhi dialect is more tonal than Malwai. Both dialects have some of their own distinct words. Examples of these words
(English - Malwai - Majhi)
Children - jawaak - Niyane 25 - Pachi - Panji Pick/Lift - Chak - Chuk Throw - Sitt - Sutt Wife - Buri - Buddi Our's - Avda - Apna Brother - Bai/Pra - Bhau Stand - Khar - Khlo Yours - Tuhada - Tada
Other differences:
Malwai’s say Maithon/Thaithon instead of Mere toh/Tere toh Malwai dialect uses Kiven/Jiven/Aen/Aiven instead of Kiddan/Jiddan/Aiddan,Kinj/Enj. Majhi speakers place greater emphasis on ‘h’ sound than Malwai speakers.
Practical example - “In Punjab” / “Panjaab men” > 3 ways to say it/ write it, the meaning is the same:
Panjaab ‘ch (malwai). Panjaab vich Panjaab de vich
Although the characteristic distinction among the various dialects of Punjabi language lies in the speech pattern, the Malwai dialect most notably differs from the other dialects through its distinctive 'ū' (ਊ) sound in all future-tense verb endings.
| Standard Punjabi | Malwai Dialect |
|---|---|
| āvegā | āūgā |
| āvegī | āūgī |
| āvoge | āūŋge |
| pīvegā | pīūgā |
| pīvegī | pīūgī |
| pīvoge | pīūŋge |
Another notable difference is that where other Punjabi dialects have an 'L' sound, in Malwai many of those words are pronounced with an 'R' (ਰ) or 'ɭ̆' (ਲ਼) instead. For example:
Majhi dialect 1(ghaddi khalarna), 2 (banda khalota).
Malwai dialect 1(ghaddi kharaona), 2 (banda kharota).
The following peculiarities in vocabulary are also observed:
| English | Majhi or Standard Panjaabi. | Malwai |
|---|---|---|
| He will come. | ਉਹ ਆਵੇਗਾ। اوہ آویگا۔ | ਉਹ ਆਊਗਾ। اوہ آؤگا۔ |
| I am coming. | ਮੈਂ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ/ਮੈਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਪਿਆ ਹਾਂ। میں آ رہا ہاں/میں آؤن ڈیا ہاں/میں آؤندا پیا ہاں۔ | ਮੈਂ ਆਈ ਜਾਨਾਂ। میں آئی جاناں۔ |
| He is coming. | ਉਹ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ/ਉਹ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਪਿਆ ਹੈ। اوہ آ رہا ہے/اوہ آؤن ڈیا ہے/اوہ آؤندا پیا ہے۔ | ਉਹ ਆਈ ਜਾਂਦੈ। اوہ آئی جاندا۔ |
| To lift/to pick (up) | ਚੁੱਕਣਾ چُکنا | ਚੱਕਣਾ چَکنا |
| To uproot/to dig (out) | ਪੁੱਟਣਾ پُٹنا | ਪੱਟਣਾ پَٹنا |
| Your | ਤੁਹਾਡਾ تَہاڈا | ਥੋਡਾ/ਸੋਡਾ تُہاڈا |
| (My/your/his/her) own | ਆਪਣਾ اپنا | ਆਵਦਾ آودا |
| By me/from me | ਮੇਰੇ ਤੋਂ/ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲੋਂ میرے توں/میرے کولوں | ਮੈਥੋਂ میتھوں |
| By you/from you | ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਤੋਂ/ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲੋਂ/ਤਾਡਾ تہاڈے توں/تہاڈے کولوں/تاڈا | ਥੋਤੋਂ تُہاتھوں |
| Camel | ਊਠ اُوٹھ | ਉੱਠ اُٹھ |
| Son | ਪੁੱਤਰ پُتر | ਪੁੱਤ پُت |
| Friend | ਮਿੱਤਰ یار/مِتر | ਮਿੱਤ بیلی |
| Urine | ਮੂਤਰ مُوتَر | ਮੂਤ مُوت |
| Dew drop | ਤ੍ਰੇਲ਼ تریل | ਤੇਲ਼ تیل |
Also, in contrast with Majhi dialect, 'ਹ' is not tonal. Exceptions are encountered when 'ਹ'/'ہ' is not followed by a schwa ending or a vowel sound, as in, ਕਹਿਣਾ, ਰਹਿ, ਘਾਹ / ۔کہنا، رہِ، گھاہ
Notes[]
- ^ The language spoken in some southern villages of Fazilka, Muktsar and Bahawalnagar districts forms a dialect continuum with Bagri language, which is classified as a dialect of Rajasthani language.
- ^ The Punjabi spoken in eastern tehsils of Ludhiana district (Ludhiana (East), Payal, Khanna and Samrala) forms a dialect continuum with Pwadhi dialect.
See also[]
- Punjabi dialects
- Languages of India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
- List of Punjabi television channels
References[]
- Punjabi dialects
- Languages of Punjab, India