Mandwaal

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  –  ·  ·  · scholar · JSTOR (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Mandwaal

Mandwaal
Status	Operating
Theme	Hill top

Mandwaal is a village located in the Pothohar Plateau in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Mandwal was a part of Attock District and was later merged with Rawalpindi District in the late 1970s. The village has a population of 2500-3000 people. The historical Soan River crosses through the village.

The mountain range known as Kheri Murat sprawls over 8,740 the hill's boundaries of Kheri touches Mandwal.

Demographics[]

The village has a population of 1,115 people, according to the most recent Pakistan Census conducted in 2011.^[1]

Most of the land surrounding the village belongs to the Sainswal Tribe Sardar (Zamindar of Mandwal) who live in the village. Another significant portion of the population is made up of small tribes such as the Merasi, Muliyar, Musli, and other labour serving the tribe's farms. In 1976, ex-Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto announced reforms limiting land ownership along with a government takeover of over a hundred acres to distribute to landless peasants. Although this order of Bhutto went against Islamic rules and regulations, it was still enacted . However, governments at the center failed to introduce reforms in the age-old Sardari system. Although there had been some limited reforms in the years leading up to 1947, all major reforms came following independence.

In the old Sardari system, the Sardar decided the shares of the heirs. Decisions would be discussed democratically in an open meeting often called Salish. The Sardar would preside over the settlement meetings. The council worked as a court. The concerned parties accepted the verdict as binding although it lacked legal backing. Major social events such as weddings and religious festivals were managed within the Sardari system. If anyone violated the unwritten laws of the Panchayat, disciplinary measures would be taken against them. This helped maintain peace, harmony, and solidarity in the village. The Sardar was a symbol.muhmmad sher and his heirs are still serving the Sirdars till this date.

The British government provided jail facilities to tribal convicts. Sardars surreptitiously established their private jails in the post-independence era. Political agents had draconian powers under the Frontier Crimes Regulations, 1901.

Transport[]

Hawa mahal

M2 motorway crosses through the village. The village can be accessed via the main Chakri road and motorway M2.

Education[]

The village has a Government school for boys and girls but lacks proper education.

The Kheri Murat park touches village boundaries that provide recreational activities, including hiking and interaction with nature through ecotourism while providing employment to locals. After the establishment of the park, hunting, shooting, and poaching of wild species in it was declared illegal and considered a punishable act with heavy penalties. This was to be enforced within a three-mile radius of its boundaries.

References[]

This article about a location in Rawalpindi District, Punjab (Pakistan) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .

• v
• t