Manubaran languages

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Manubaran
Mount Brown
Geographic
distribution		, southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea:
Central Province
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
  • Papuan Peninsula
    • Owen Stanley Range[1]
      • Manubaran
Glottologmanu1261

The Manubaran languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Languages[]

The languages are Doromu and Maria, and are 63% lexically similar.

Proto-language[]

Phonemes[]

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]

*m *n
*p *t *k *ʔ
*b *d *g
*s [*h]
*w *ɾ *j

Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.

Pronouns[]

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]

sg pl
1 *na *[o/u]na
2 *ja
3 *ina

Basic vocabulary[]

Usher (2020)[]

Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are:[2]

gloss Proto-Mount Brown Proto-Doromu-Koki Proto-Gebi Proto-Maria
head *ada *ada ada *ada
hair/feather(s) *u[w]e[t/k]a *u[w]eta uweta *u[w]eʔa
ear *anema *anema anema *anema
eye *ne *ne ne-una ne[ʔ]una
nose *uɾuma *uɾuma uruma *uɾuma
tooth *gade *gade gadi *gade
tongue *api[j]e *aɸi[j]e api *aɸi[j]e
blood *daweʔa *dawaʔa dawa *daweʔa
bone *nena *nena nena *nena
skin/bark *ɾoʔo *ɾoʔo lo-o *ɾoʔo
breast *sisu *sisu sisu *hihu
louse *gu[w]e *gu[w]e gu-e *gu[w]e
dog *auna *auna auna *auna
pig *dona *dona dona *dona
bird *eɾena *eɾena eerma *eɾena
egg *unema *unema unema *unema
tree *jabo *jabo iabo *jabo
man/husband *ami[j]e *ami[j]e amie *ami[j]e
woman/wife *ɾema *ɾema lema
sun *me[i]daʔa *me[i]daʔa meda *me[i]daʔa
moon *ejoʔa *ejoʔo e-io *ejoʔa
water/river *koɾu *koɾu oru ≈ koro- *ʔoɾu
fire *ita *ita ita *iha
stone *waʔiga waiga *waʔiga
path *ida *ida ida
name *ɾoka *ɾoka *ɾoʔa
eat/drink *iɾi- *iɾi- *iɾi-
one *jokohi *jokoi jokio *joʔohi
two *[ɾ/j]ema *[ɾ]ema lema *jema

Ross (2014)[]

The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions by Malcolm Ross (2014)[3][4][5] are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[6]

gloss Proto-Manubaran Proto-Doromu Proto-Maria
head *ada *ada *ada
hair *weʔia *ue-ta *ueʔa
ear *ane-ma *ane-ma *ane-ma
eye *ne(u) *ne(-) *ne-
nose *uru-ma *uru-ma *uru-ma
tooth *gade *gade *gade
tongue *afie *afie *ahie
leg *[n,y]u-ka *yu-ka *nu-ʔa; *one-ʔa
louse *gue *gue *gue
dog *auna *auna *auna
pig *Dona *dona *tona
bird *erena *erena *erena
egg *une-ma *une-ma *une-ma
blood *tava *tae(k,ʔ)a
bone *nena *nena *nena
skin *roʔ(o,a) *ro(a) *roʔ(o,a)
tree *yabo *yabo *yabo
man *amie *amie *amie
woman *rema *oue
sky *gure *gure *gure
sun *maida(ka) *meida(ka) *maidaʔa
moon *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?) *eoʔa
water *koru *koru *ʔoru
fire *ita *ita *ita
stone *fore *vaʔiga
name *roka *roka *roʔa-ba
eat *iri- *iri *iri-
one *yokohi *yokoima *yoʔohi
two *(ye)(ka)ma[nu] *re-manu *ye-ma

Evolution[]

Maria reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[7]

  • ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
  • baba(e) ‘father’ < *mbapa
  • kuyau ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
  • ita(isa) ‘tree’ < *inda

References[]

  1. ^ New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c New Guinea World, Mount Brown
  3. ^ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Manubaran. TransNewGuinea.org.
  4. ^ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Maria. TransNewGuinea.org.
  5. ^ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Doromu. TransNewGuinea.org.
  6. ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  7. ^ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

Further reading[]

External links[]

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