Manuel Fontanals

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Manuel Fontanals
Born26 July 1893
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Died17 September 1972
Mexico City, Mexico
Other namesManuel Fontanals i Mateu
OccupationArt director
Years active1927-1972 (film)

Manuel Fontanals (1893–1972) was a Catalonian Spanish-born art director who settled and worked in Mexico during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.[1]

Early years[]

The son of the cabinetmaker Tomàs Fontanals i Sivilla and his mother Rosa Mateu, Manolo 'Manuel' Fontanals began work at his father's workshop in Paris, where he lived with his family until 1914. He returned to Catalonia and settled in Barcelona, studying at the academy of painter , and working with the sculptor and the architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch. He enrolled squarely between the shift from the Modernisme movement to the Noucentisme cultural movement. Around that time he decorated the Canaletes Café. In 1917 he began working in scenography for the "Teatro del Arte" of Gregorio Martínez Sierra in Madrid, where he learned from the masters Sigfrido Burmann and . In 1919 he traveled to Germany to complete his knowledge of this art and found influences in Expressionism. [2] When he returned, he combined his work with Martínez Sierra, with the scenography at the Gran Teatre del Liceu, distinguished by his fanciful and original decorations. In 1924 he worked in Milan with the Teatro del Convengno where he collaborated with Gabriele D'Annunzio and staged works by Carlo Goldoni and Luigi Pirandello. In 1925 he went to Paris fulfilling commissions from the theatrical companies of the Odéon, the Opera and the Palace;[2] as well as collaborating with the architect on a hexagonal kiosk of whimsical shapes for the Spanish Pavilion at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris in 1925. He also collaborated in the preliminaries of the Barcelona International Exhibition of 1929 and in the construction of the Poble Espanyol in Montjuïc (Barcelona), while making sets for the company of Jaume Borràs i Oriol, illustrating books by Gregorio Martínez Sierra and making theater posters. [2] During the 1930s he worked for Jacinto Benavente, Margarida Xirgu, Federico García Lorca and . From October 1933 to March 1934 he traveled through South America with the company of Lola Membrives presenting works by García Lorca. In early 1936 he worked in Madrid for Rafael Alberti's Nueva Escena group. Upon learning of the arrest and murder of Federico García Lorca by Federico Franco's insurgents he chose to go into exile.[3]

Mexican Exile[]

At the end of 1936 Manuel left for Latin America under an assumed name with the theater company of . He first went to Cuba, but in 1938 visited Mexico City for a commission designing the bar at Ciro's. This was the elegant restaurant inside the Reforma Hotel; the first modern hotel in Mexico.[4] The structure was "a truly imposing wooden ellipse... which was at that time called 'the largest bar in the world'."[3] He also decorated other luxury establishments, including the Ambassadeurs restaurant, by the Catalan . Through the gatherings at the cafeteria "Hotel Regis" he came into contact with many of the figures of Mexican cinema, who convinced him to stay in Mexico City and work in the film industry. There he met and married the aristocrat , president of the film company . [2]

He founded his own film decoration company, Escenografía de Manuel Fontanals, with which he achieved great prestige, working with the best actors and directors of Mexican cinema: Dolores del Río, María Félix, Mario Moreno Cantinflas, Emilio Fernández, Roberto Gavaldón, Jaime Salvador, , José Díaz Morales, Ramón Pereda and Ramón Peón. He was a prominent member of the Union of Film Production Workers and the Association of Film Journalists of Mexico. In 1946 he was a co-founder of the and was awarded the prestigious Ariel Prize in 1947, 1949 and 1972.

A number of films he worked on in Mexico were shown and given awards in his homeland of Spain during his exile, but the government always excised his name from the screen and awards ceremonies.[3]

In later life, while his company mainly did B-movies, Manuel designed a few houses for friends to stay creatively active. After his wife died Manuel burned all his personal documents, house plans, architectural renderings, home decor designs, photographs, set designs and correspondence. Exiled from his home country, he wished to vanish without a trace; though his houses still stand and the hundreds of films he set designed are still seen. After the final film he worked on, The Castle of Purity was completed, he gave the only known interview of his life, published in This Magazine (September 10, 1972). He died one week later.[3] Much of what is known of his life and career was gathered by from his collaborators and supporting documents for her biography on him.

His work in cinema is extensive and includes 247 sets, or sets and costumes, not counting those made for the theater.

Works for the Theater[]

  • The Princess Who Sucked Her Finger (1917) by , performed at the by Gregorio Martínez Sierra
  • The Peacock by (1923)
  • Doña Francisquita by Amadeu Vives (1923)
  • Gli innamorati by Carlo Goldoni (1924)
  • The Criminal by (1925)
  • The Mystic by Santiago Rusiñol
  • Lo Ferrer de Tall by (Serafí Pitarra), Les Garses by , Mossèn Jano and Terra Baixa by Àngel Guimerà; all presented by the company of
  • Triangle by Gregorio Martinez Sierra, at Theater Beatriz Infant (1929)
  • Figurines in the ballet Triana by Isaac Albéniz, for the Spanish ballet company of , La Argentina of the Opera Comique in Paris (1929) with
  • Blood Weddings by Federico García Lorca, by the Company of Josefina Diaz Artigas, at the Teatro Beatriz in Madrid (1933)
  • The Prodigious Shoemaker (1933) by Federico Garcia Lorca, by the company of Lola Membrives, in the
  • Yerma (1934) by Federico García Lorca, by the company of Margarida Xirgu, at the Teatro Español in Madrid
  • La dama boba (1935) by Lope de Vega, with the company of Margarida Xirgu, at the
  • Doña Rosita la Soltera (1935) by Federico García Lorca, with the company of Margarida Xirgu, at the Teatre Principal in Barcelona
  • The Crystal Zoo (1957) of Tennessee Williams, by the Company of Daisy Xirgu, in the Fábregas Theater of Mexico Cinema

Selected Filmography[]

References[]

  1. ^ Peralta Gilabert, p. 337
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Manuel Fontanals a margaridaxirgu.es
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "El misterio Fontanals". Letras Libres.
  4. ^ "Hotel Reforma (closed) - Greater Mexico City". wikimapia.org.

Bibliography[]

  • Rosa Peralta Gilabert. Manuel Fontanals, escenógrafo: teatro, cine y exilio. Editorial Fundamentos, 2007.

External links[]


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