Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan
| English: Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People | |
|---|---|
 | |
National anthem of Tagalog Republic (1896–1897)  Philippines | |
| Lyrics | Julio Nakpil, 1896 Original Tagalog lyrics |
| Music | Julio Nakpil, 1896 |
| Adopted | 1896 |
| Relinquished | 1897 |
The Marangál na Dalit ng̃ Katagalugan (English title: Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People) is a song of the Philippine Revolution and the national anthem of the Tagalog Republic also claimed to be the first national anthem of the Philippines. Julio Nakpil composed the anthem in November 1896, but it was later on replaced by the current Philippine's official national anthem which is known today as Lupang Hinirang.[1][2][3][4]
History[]
Nakpil was requested by Andres Bonifacio to compose a national anthem for his conceptual Filipino nation-state as realized through the Katipunan as its revolutionary government, of which he was the President ("Pangulo").[1][4] This concept of the Filipino nation was called the Haring Bayang Katagalugan ("Sovereign Tagalog Nation/People", or "Sovereign Nation of the Tagalog People"), also known as the Republika ng Katagalugan ("Republic of the Tagalog Nation/People", simplified in other languages as "Tagalog Republic"), with "sovereign nation" and "republic" being used interchangeably, and "Tagalog" etc. being used in place of "Filipino", etc.[3][4]
The song was first performed in Bonifacio's camp in Balara in November 1896.[1] The form chosen by Nakpil, the dalit, was traditionally a sung prayer or supplication.[2][3] Later, Nakpil sent a copy of the Himno Nacional to Bonifacio, who was then in Cavite, together with a letter to him dated January 30, 1897. Bonifacio acknowledged this in a reply letter dated February 13.[3][4]
However, in an ensuing power struggle involving Bonifacio and the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions of the Katipunan in Cavite, the Katipunan revolutionary government was displaced and superseded by a succession of revolutionary governments headed by Emilio Aguinaldo, and Bonifacio was eventually executed by the first of Aguinaldo's Republics on May 7.[5][1][2][3][4]
Lyrics[]
The following lyrics follow Nakpil's handwritten notes, marked with "Balara - Nov. 1896.[1] The English translations are tentative and for the purposes of the article.
| Tagalog[1] | English translation |
|---|---|
Mabuhay, mabuhay yaong Kalayaan |
Long live, long live this Freedom |
Nakpil's reconstructed sheet music indicates further repetition of some words,[1] thus:
| Tagalog[1] | |
|---|---|
Mabuhay, mabuhay yaong Kalayaan, Kalayaan |
Nakpil's notes include other verses, also marked as "Balara - Nov. 1896", but without sheet music,[1] so it is unclear if these are additional, draft, or variant verses, or what words are supposed to repeat.
| Tagalog[1] | English translation |
|---|---|
Mabuhay, mabuhay ang Sangkapuluan |
Long live, long live the Archipelago |
Replacement[]
Nakpil recalled decades later that even after Bonifacio's death, the song was still being played in Cavite and Laguna as late as 1898.[1][3] But his piece lost its prior status and Aguinaldo eventually chose the Marcha Nacional Filipina (originally Marcha Filpina Magdalo) by Julian Felipe as the official Philippine national anthem in 1898. Felipe's piece, with added lyrics derived from the Spanish-language poem Filipinas by Jose Palma from 1899, is still the current official national anthem under the title Lupang Hinirang ("Chosen Land").[6][2][3][4]
Later years[]
In 1903, Nakpil extended the anthem as an instrumental tribute to Jose Rizal under the title “Salve, Patria” ("Hail, Fatherland"). The only surviving copies of the original score were destroyed in 1945, during the Battle of Manila. The version which survives today was reconstructed by Nakpil from memory as a piece for piano years later.[1][2][3]
Its use was likely revived by Macario Sakay, a compatriot of Bonifacio and Nakpil who revived and continued the Katipunan and the Tagalog Republic from 1902 to 1906, years after the end of Aguinaldo's final Republic (the "First Philippine Republic").
The piece has described by historians as "very solemn, almost mournful"[2][3] while other historians have opined that the lyrics and music do not quite seem to match each other, but the music is less obviously derivative of foreign pieces compared to Felipe's composition.[4]
In modern media[]
The song appears in a 1993 biopic of Macario Sakay, titled Sakay.
The song was recorded by the folk music duo Inang Laya in 1996[2] but only the first verse.
See also[]
References[]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Nakpil, Julio (1997) [1964]. Alzona, Encarnacion (ed.). Julio Nakpil and the Philippine Revolution: With the Autobiography of Gregoria de Jesús. Translated by Encarnacion Alzona. Quezon City: Academic Publishing Corporation. ISBN 971-707-048-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g "The National Anthem's predecessor and influences". malacanang.gov.ph.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Richardson, Jim (2013). The Light of Liberty: Documents and Studies on the Katipunan, 1892-1897. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 9789715506755.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chua, Michael Charleston B. (June 12, 2015). "KASAYSAYAN: Ang masalimuot na kuwento ng ating pambansang awit". gmanetwork.com. GMA Network.
- ^ Jose, Ricardo T. (1992). The Philippine Army, 1935-1942. Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-081-4.
- ^ "An Act prescribing the Code of the National Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines". Official Gazette of the Philippine Government. February 6, 1998.
External links[]
- Tagalog-language songs
- Historical national anthems
- 1896 songs
- Asian anthems
- Philippine anthems