Marcus Annius Libo

Marcus Annius Libo was a Roman Senator active in the early second century AD. He was consul in 128 as the colleague of Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas.^[1] Libo was the paternal uncle of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

Libo came from the upper ranks of the Roman aristocracy. He was the son of Marcus Annius Verus, consul III in 126, and Rupilia Faustina. Annius Verus was Spanish of Roman descent. Rupilia was the daughter of Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus and Salonina Matidia (niece of the Emperor Trajan). Libo is known to have had three siblings, two sisters and one brother. His elder sister was the Empress Faustina the Elder (mother of the Empress Faustina the Younger) and his younger sister (whose name is missing, but surmised to be Annia) was the wife of Gaius Ummidius Quadratus Sertorius Severus, suffect consul in 118. His brother was Marcus Annius Verus, the father of Marcus Aurelius.^[2]

Beyond his consulship, almost nothing is known of his senatorial career. During the reign of his brother-in-law, Antoninus Pius, he was one of seven witnesses to a Senatus consultum issued to the city of Cyzicus in 138, which sought approval for establishing a corpus juvenum for the education of young men.^[3]

Family[]

Libo married a noblewoman whose name has been surmised as Fundania, daughter of Lucius Fundanius Lamia Aelianus consul in 116.^[4] They are known to have together two children:

Marcus Annius Libo, suffect consul in 161. He is known to have a son, Marcus Annius Flavius Libo.
Annia Fundania Faustina, wife of Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio, consul II in 176

Nerva–Antonine family tree[]

Q. Marcius Barea Soranus

Q. Marcius Barea Sura

Antonia Furnilla

M. Cocceius Nerva

Sergia Plautilla

P. Aelius Hadrianus

Titus
(r. 79–81)

Marcia Furnilla

Marcia

Trajanus Pater

Nerva
(r. 96–98)

Ulpia^[i]

Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus

Flavia^[ii]

Marciana^[iii]

C. Salonius Matidius^[iv]

Trajan
(r. 98–117)

Plotina

P. Acilius Attianus

P. Aelius Afer^[v]

Paulina Major^[vi]

Lucius Mindius
(2)

Libo Rupilius Frugi
(3)

Matidia^[vii]

L. Vibius Sabinus
(1)^[viii]

Paulina Minor^[vi]

L. Julius Ursus Servianus^[ix]

Matidia Minor^[vii]

Suetonius?^[x]

Sabina^[iii]

Hadrian^[v]^[xi]^[vi] (r. 117–138)

Antinous^[xii]

Julia Balbilla?^[xiii]

C. Fuscus Salinator I

Julia Serviana Paulina

M. Annius Verus^[xiv]

Rupilia Faustina^[xv]

Boionia Procilla

Cn. Arrius Antoninus

L. Ceionius Commodus

Appia Severa

C. Fuscus Salinator II

L. Caesennius Paetus

Arria Antonina

Arria Fadilla^[xvi]

T. Aurelius Fulvus

L. Caesennius Antoninus

L. Commodus

Plautia

ignota^[xvii]

C. Avidius Nigrinus

M. Annius Verus^[xv]

Domitia Calvilla^[xviii]

Fundania^[xix]

M. Annius Libo^[xv]

FAUSTINA^[xvi]

Antoninus Pius
(r. 138–161)^[xvi]

L. Aelius Caesar^[xvii]

Avidia^[xvii]

Cornificia^[xv]

MARCUS AURELIUS
(r. 161–180)^[xx]

FAUSTINA Minor^[xx]

C. Avidius Cassius^[xxi]

Aurelia Fadilla^[xvi]

LUCIUS VERUS
(r. 161–169)^[xvii]
(1)

Ceionia Fabia^[xvii]

Plautius Quintillus^[xxii]

Q. Servilius Pudens

Ceionia Plautia^[xvii]

Cornificia Minor^[xxiii]

M. Petronius Sura

COMMODUS
(r. 177–192)^[xx]

Fadilla^[xxiii]

M. Annius Verus Caesar^[xx]

Ti. Claudius Pompeianus
(2)

Lucilla^[xx]

M. Plautius Quintillus^[xvii]

Junius Licinius Balbus

Servilia Ceionia

Petronius Antoninus

L. Aurelius Agaclytus
(2)

Aurelia Sabina^[xxiii]

L. Antistius Burrus
(1)

Plautius Quintillus

Plautia Servilla

C. Furius Sabinus Timesitheus

Antonia Gordiana

Junius Licinius Balbus?

Furia Sabina Tranquillina

GORDIAN III
(r. 238–244)

(1) = 1st spouse
(2) = 2nd spouse
(3) = 3rd spouse
  Reddish-purple indicates emperor of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty

  lighter purple indicates designated imperial heir of said dynasty who never reigned

  grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants

  bluish-purple indicates emperors of other dynasties
dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships
small caps = posthumously deified (Augusti, Augustae, or other)

Notes:

Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.

^ Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
^ Giacosa (1977), p. 8.
^ ^a ^b Levick (2014), p. 161.
^ Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161.
^ ^a ^b Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
^ ^a ^b ^c DIR contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000), "Hadrian".
^ ^a ^b Giacosa (1977), p. 9.
^ Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161.
^ Smith (1870), "Julius Servianus".
^ Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of HA Hadrianus 11:3
^ Smith (1870), "Hadrian", pp. 319–322.
^ Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and passim; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc.
^ Julia Balbilla a possible lover of Sabina: A. R. Birley (1997), Hadrian, the Restless Emperor, p. 251, cited in Levick (2014), p. 30, who is sceptical of this suggestion.
^ Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Levick (2014), p. 163.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Levick (2014), p. 162.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Levick (2014), p. 164.
^ Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
^ Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
^ The epitomator of Cassius Dio (72.22) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in HA "Marcus Aurelius" 24.
^ Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164.
^ ^a ^b ^c Levick (2014), p. 117.

References:

DIR contributors (2000). "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families". Retrieved 2015-04-14.
Giacosa, Giorgio (1977). Women of the Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta. ISBN 0-8390-0193-2.
Lambert, Royston (1984). Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-15708-2.
Levick, Barbara (2014). Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537941-9.
Smith, William, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.

Sources[]

^ Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), p. 470
^ Based on the stemma provided by Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius: A Biography, revised edition (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 236
^ Birley, Marcus Aurelius, p. 54
^ Birley, Marcus Aurelius, p. 236

Political offices
Preceded by Lucius Aemilius Juncus, and Sextus Julius Severus as suffect consuls	Consul of the Roman Empire 128 with Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas, followed by Lucius Caesennius Antoninus	Succeeded by Marcus Junius Mettius Rufus, and Quintus Pomponius Maternus as suffect consuls

[5] Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7.

[giac8-6] Giacosa (1977), p. 8.

[lev161-7] Levick (2014), p. 161.

[8] Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161.

[giac7-9] Giacosa (1977), p. 7.

[DIR_hadrian-10] DIR contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000), "Hadrian".

[giac9-11] Giacosa (1977), p. 9.

[12] Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161.

[Smith_Servianus-13] Smith (1870), "Julius Servianus".

[14] Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of HA Hadrianus 11:3

[Smith_1870a_p._319-15] Smith (1870), "Hadrian", pp. 319–322.

[16] Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and passim; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc.

[17] Julia Balbilla a possible lover of Sabina: A. R. Birley (1997), Hadrian, the Restless Emperor, p. 251, cited in Levick (2014), p. 30, who is sceptical of this suggestion.

[18] Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.

[lev163-19] Levick (2014), p. 163.

[lev162-20] Levick (2014), p. 162.

[lev164-21] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Levick (2014), p. 164.

[22] Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10.

[23] Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163.

[giac10-24] Giacosa (1977), p. 10.

[25] The epitomator of Cassius Dio (72.22) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in HA "Marcus Aurelius" 24.

[26] Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164.

[lev117-27] Levick (2014), p. 117.

[1] Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), p. 470

[2] Based on the stemma provided by Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius: A Biography, revised edition (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 236

[3] Birley, Marcus Aurelius, p. 54

[4] Birley, Marcus Aurelius, p. 236

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