Maria Josefovna Poliakova

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Maria Josefovna Poliakova
Maria Josefovna Poliakova.jpg
Maria Poliakova as a young women.
Native name
Полякова Мария Иосифовна
Born(1908-03-27)March 27, 1908
Saint Petersburg
DiedMay 7, 1995(1995-05-07) (aged 87)
Moscow, Russia
AllegianceCommunist Party of the Soviet Union
RankCCCP army Rank podpolkovnik infobox.svg Colonel GRU Lieutenant Colonel
AwardsOrder gpw2 rib.png Order redstar rib.png SU Order of the Badge of Honour ribbon.svg

Maria Josefovna Poliakova (27 March 1908 – 7 May 1995) was a Jewish Soviet colonel and 4th Department spy who played the principal role in organising the Soviet espionage network in Switzerland, that was later known as the Rote Drei.[1][2]

Life[]

Poliakova's father was Joseph Aronovich Polyakov (1887-1937), a native of Romny. He was a Menshevik, who during the Soviet era served in the Commissariat for Foreign Trade. His work involved extensive travel to various European countries including England, Germany and France.[2] On 20 September 1937 he was shot, as part of the communist purges.[3] Her mother, Basia Solomonovna Polyakova, was a seamstress. In 1917 she was a candidate for the Kiev City Duma and for the council of the Jewish community of the city for the General Jewish Labour Bund. During the Soviet era, she was a secretary of the Foreign Trade Commissariat. Her brother was the climber and writer .

Poliakova was married to a professional Czech revolutionary Joseph Ditska.[4] They had a daughter, Svetlana. Joseph Ditska died in August 1941, while on a special mission in Poland, the rear of the German forces.[4]

Career[]

Between 1921 and 1925 Poliakova studied abroad - in Germany and Great Britain, where her parents worked in trade missions for the USSR. As the family travelled with her father, Poliakova learned several languages including French, German and English.[2] In 1925 Poliakova moved to Moscow.

Between 1925 and 1932 she participated in the Young Communist International and the Comintern as a dedicated communist.[5] In 1931, the central committee of the Komsomol recommended Poliakova for training to Soviet Military Intelligence.[5][2] Poliakova attended a course at the Higher Intelligence School.[2] From 1935, Poliakova served in the Red Army. From January 1935 to January 1936, she studied at the School of Intelligence Administration of the Frunze Military Academy, after which, on 19 June 1936, Poliakova was promoted to Senior lieutenant (Russian: старший лейтенант, starshy leytenant)

During the 1930s, Poliakova was posted on several assignments abroad in France and Switzerland.[2] Her aliases were Mildred, Gisela, and Vera.[5]

In 1936-1937, Poliakova was an illegal resident in the Soviet military intelligence network in Switzerland, that was later known as the Rote Drei.[5] Her contacts in Switzerland were Rachel Dübendorfer, and in France, Henry Robinson. In 1937, Poliakova was recalled to the Soviet Union. She survived the purges.[2] However, both her brother and father were shot.[2] As a result of her families death, Poliakova became embittered of Stalin's regime. In 1937-1941 she worked in the central apparatus of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army headquarters, Moscow. She trained new employees, worked in military-technical and military intelligence units.

In 1944, Poliakova was promoted from Captain to Major.[2]

Poliakova remained active as an espionage agent in the GRU until 1953.[2]

References[]

  1. ^ В. М Лурье (2002). ГРУ: дела и люди [GRU: affairs and people] (in Russian). ОЛМА Медиа Групп. p. 452. ISBN 978-5-7654-1499-6. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979). The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945 (pdf). Washington DC: University Publications of America. pp. 327–330. ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2.
  3. ^ "Поляков Иосиф Аронович" [Polyakov Joseph Aronovich]. Sakharov Center (in Russian). Public Commission for the Preservation of the Heritage of Academician Sakharov. Retrieved 7 September 2020 – via Database: "Victims of political repression, shot and buried in Moscow and the Moscow region between 1918 and 1953".
  4. ^ a b Rumyantsev, Vyacheslav. "Дицка Йозеф". CHRONOS (in Russian). Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d Tittenhofer, Mark A. (4 August 2011). "The Rote Drei: Getting Behind the 'Lucy' Myth". CIA Library. Center for the Study of Intelligence. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
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