Massage parlor

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For health facilities, see Day spa.
Massage parlors in Cambodia

A massage parlor (American English) or massage parlour (Canadian/British English) is a place where massage services are provided for a fee. In the 19th century, the term began to be used in English as a euphemism for a brothel.[1][2]

Context[]

In 1894 the British Medical Association (BMA) inquired into the education and practice of massage practitioners in London, and found that prostitution was commonly associated with unskilled workers and debt, often working with forged qualifications. In response, legitimate massage workers formed the Society of Trained Masseuses (now known as the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy), with an emphasis on high academic standards and a medical model for massage training.[2]

There is a grey area and ambiguity as to when an ordinary massage becomes sexual when it comes to individuals with sexual interests such as tripsophilia (arousal from massage), tripsolagnophilia, partialism, autofetishism or organofact, who may feel that the massage of the entire body or any ordinary body parts unrelated to typical erogenous zones are associated with eroticism and sensuality.[3]

Canada[]

A room in a Montreal massage parlour.

A 2013 article about massage parlours in Toronto described a "thriving" industry. It profiled one massage parlour, which promoted its services and masseuses with a website. It had private rooms with massage tables, mirrors and showers.[4] After the client paid a $40 door fee (this went to the facility, not the masseuse) and showered (a city health requirement), the masseuse informed the client about "the [unwritten] menu"—the "unlisted special services". For an additional $40, the masseuse would perform the massage naked and masturbate the client to orgasm. For $60, the client receiving the massage and being masturbated could also touch the masseuse's body. Some clients requested oral sex, sexual intercourse, or fetish activities for an extra price, but not all masseuses provided these services.[4] For $80, the client could get a "body slide", where the masseuse put massage oil on her body, lay on the client and slid back and forth (without penetration).[4] The 29-year-old masseuse interviewed for the article made $2,000 per week (three eight-hour days) in fees and tips.[4]

Italy[]

In Italy, massage parlours can be fronts for prostitution. Advertisements for massage parlours are listed in newspapers, in some cases offering "Japanese" or "Oriental" massage. Viva Lain, one of Italy's largest chains of massage parlours, was raided by the police in 2003.[5]

Malaysia[]

Since the end of the 20th century an expansion in prostitution in Malaysia has resulted in massage parlors being established across the country. Malaysian massage parlors often call themselves spas, salons, or health centres, and many offer erotic massages and "happy endings".[6]

Nepal[]

In Kathmandu's tourist district of Thamel, massage parlours typically advertise Thai massage, Ayurvedic massage or Nepalese "special massage". Some offer legitimate massage, while others are sex establishments. Prostitution in Nepal is illegal so the owners of such massage parlours do not explicitly solicit sex and the paying of police bribes is a customary part of the operation.[7]

Thailand[]

A massage parlor and soapland in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Thailand is known for its unique spa experiences and in particular its healthy and non-sexual traditional Thai massage therapy. However, the term "massage parlor" in Thailand is commonly associated with sexual massage.[8]

In 1996, foreign women made up the majority of prostitutes from 40 sex establishments in 18 border provinces that were actually brothels masquerading as karaoke bars, restaurants and traditional massage parlours. In some venues, there were no Thai women at all.[9] In mid-1997, an increasing number of young girls, more than 60% of whom were under 18, were entering Thailand through the Mae Sai checkpoint into massage parlors and brothels.[10]

The legal difference between a "spa" and a "massage parlour" is unclear. The Federation of Thai Spa Associations (FTSPA) in 2016 urged authorities to clamp down on sexual services offered at some massage parlours. The FTSPA maintains that influential figures have used legal loopholes to open "pretty spas" or massage parlours where tourists can buy sexual services.[11]

United Kingdom[]

In the United Kingdom, prostitution itself is legal but activities such as pimping and owning or managing a brothel are not. However, the laws are not always strictly enforced.[12] Many brothels in cities such as Manchester, London and Cardiff operate through legitimate businesses which are licensed as "massage parlours" and operate under that name. Police often turn a blind eye to such establishments.[13][14][15] Massage parlours are sometimes advertised in newspapers, but a newspaper that carries advertising for a brothel under the guise of a massage parlour may be liable to prosecution for money-laundering offences under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. The Newspaper Society's guidelines suggest that their members (the majority of local newspapers) refuse to carry advertisements for sexual services.[16] The advice also warns publishers that massage parlours can disguise illegal offers of sexual services and it suggests checking qualifications to ensure the advertised service is legitimate. Newspaper companies often adopt a policy of refusing all advertisements for massage parlours.[17]

In 2005, it was reported that, in Manchester, there were around 80 "massage parlours" that were fronts for prostitution, and that the police ignored those establishments, focusing instead on reducing street prostitution. On 12 October 2005, the Manchester Evening News reported that "a self-confessed pimp walked free from court after a judge was told police had 'turned a blind eye' to organised prostitution in massage parlours in Manchester."[18]

In December 2007, the Manchester Evening News removed all advertisements for massage parlours from its personal columns following a meeting between ministers and newspaper and advertising industry representatives. It also followed comments by Harriet Harman, Minister for Women and Equality, in the House of Commons on 25 October that some local newspapers were promoting slavery by running sex adverts for foreign women.[19]

United States[]

Massage parlors in the United States have been linked to prostitution since the nineteenth century. In 2019 it was reported that the Polaris Project estimated there were around 9,000 massage parlors in the US providing sexual services. Most of the staff are Chinese women.[20] The country's larger cities typically have hundreds, and they are often present in small towns.[21]

Between 1980 and 2009, massage parlors in Rhode Island (also known there as "spas") were known to be involved in prostitution. Prostitution in Rhode Island was legal at that time as long as it was "behind closed doors".[22] The 2009 documentary film Happy Endings? follows women who worked in the Asian massage parlors of Rhode Island. It focuses on "full service" massage parlors, although "rub and tug" massage parlors (where only handjobs are offered) are also covered.

As of 2010, there were an estimated 525 massage parlors in New Jersey acting as fronts for the prostitution industry.[23]

An ongoing study of prostitution in New York City by the Sociology Department of Columbia University found that, between 1991 and 2010, the rise of the Internet and mobile phones "have enabled some sex workers to professionalize their trade", with a shift from street walking to "indoor" markets (including massage parlors and escort agencies), a geographical change in the concentration of sex work and the growth of a more expensive luxury market.[24] In January 2011, an investigation by Time Out New York found New York City massage parlors charging a "house fee" (which is usually paid, up front to the parlor's mama-san) of $60 to $100 per visit, with an extra tip for the sex workers (usually around $40) for a massage and a basic "happy ending" (or manual stimulation of the penis until orgasm). Most of the massage parlors reviewed were very strict about the female masseuse not being touched by the male client, but, in some parlors, further contact could be negotiated.[25]

In many large US cities there are Asian massage parlours, some advertising traditional Thai massage. In some cases these establishments are fronts for prostitution.[26] As of 2005, more than forty Asian massage parlors (mostly Korean) operated as fronts for in-call brothels in Washington, D.C., and each earned an average of $1.2 million a year. More than 200 other massage parlors (that did not openly advertise and were operated largely out of private homes and apartments) serving mainly Mestizo clients made an average of at least $800,000 a year.[27][28]

Sex acts performed at massage parlors can range from a basic "happy ending" to oral sex or "full service". Some, mostly Asian, massage parlors offer a naked "table shower" or an "Asian body slide" as well as access to a sauna before a massage and/or any sexual activity takes place.[28][29][30]

During the 2000s publications in major metropolitan areas of the US were under pressure not to advertise massage parlor operations.[31] After the Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act became law on 11 April 2018[32] the classified advertising website Craigslist removed all of their personal advertisements.[33] Another classified advertising website, Backpage, was shut down by federal officials during the same month.[34] The closure of Backpage substantially benefited the massage parlor review website RubMaps which covers Asian massage parlors in the US. The site was under investigation by US authorities in 2019, a process made more difficult by the site's corporate structures and domain name having moved to Europe.[35]

Law enforcement agencies in the US attempt to shut down or fine massage parlor establishments that break federal, state or local laws.[30][31] The penalty for breaking the law in these instances can be as high as life imprisonment in some cases, especially those that involve human trafficking.[36]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Massage parlour". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 12 January 2021. 1. a business providing massage services; 2. (euphemistic) a brothel
  2. ^ a b Callaway; Burgess, S. (2009). "History of massage". In Casanelia, L.; Stelfox, D. (eds.). Foundations of massage (3rd ed.). Australia: Harcourt Publishers Group. ISBN 978-0729578691.
  3. ^ Coleman-Kennedy, Carol; Pendley, Amanda (2002). "Assessment and diagnosis of sexual addiction". Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. 8 (5): 143–151. doi:10.1067/mpn.2002.128827.
  4. ^ a b c d Kimball, Alexandra (31 January 2013). "The Parlour Game: a behind-the-scenes tour of Toronto's thriving rub 'n' tug industry". Toronto Llife. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  5. ^ Kara, Siddharth (2010). Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery. Columbia University Press. p. 96. ISBN 9780231139618.
  6. ^ Hunter, Murray (28 July 2015). "Why Kuala Lumpur could be on its way to becoming the sex capital of Asia". Asian Correspondent. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  7. ^ Kara 2010, p. 72–74.
  8. ^ Keyes, Charles F.; Tanabe, Shigeharu (2013). Cultural Crisis and Social Memory: Modernity and Identity in Thailand and Laos. Routledge. p. 223. ISBN 9781136827259.
  9. ^ Kritaya Archavanitkul, , Mahidol University, the Passage of Women in Neighbouring Countries into the Sex Trade in Thailand, "Academic urges action in war against flesh trade," Yindee Lertcharoenchok, Mukdawan Sakboon, The Nation, 28 May 1997
  10. ^ (World Vision¹s Bansit Thathorn, the coordinator of the NGO Burmese women, Aphaluck Bhatiasevi, "Influx of Burmese sex workers via Mae Sai," Bangkok Post, 2 June 1997)
  11. ^ Chinmaneevong, Chadamas (2016-05-25). "Spas cry foul over sale of sex services". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  12. ^ "Prostitution: Third Report of Session 2016–17" (PDF). House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. 1 July 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  13. ^ James, David (31 January 2008). "Police turn blind eye to brothels". walesonline. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  14. ^ Bennetto, Jason (1996-07-28). "Police turn blind eye to 'brothels' as prostitutes come in from cold". The Independent. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  15. ^ "Brothel industry is 'spreading'". BBC News. 4 September 2008.
  16. ^ "Shun sex ads, local papers urged". BBC News. 11 February 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  17. ^ "Prostitution and Exploitation of Prostitution". The Crown Prosecution Service. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  18. ^ [unattributed] (12 October 2005). "Police turn a blind eye to brothels". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 1 December 2005. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
  19. ^ "Newspapers promise action on sex slavery". Press Gazette. 25 November 2007. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  20. ^ Chen, Teng (2020-01-30). "Chinese moms in America's illicit massage parlors". SupChina. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  21. ^ Hallie Lieberman (28 October 2019). "Massage Parlours with 'Happy Endings' Give These Sex Workers a Decent Living". Vice.
  22. ^ Arditi, Lynn (2009-05-31). "'Behind Closed Doors" How RI Decriminalized Prostitution". Providence Journal. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
  23. ^ "Prostitution brothels in New Jersey". Havocscope Black Market. 2011-05-09. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  24. ^ Sudhir Venkatesh (31 January 2011). "How tech tools have changed today's prostitution business". Wired. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  25. ^ "Best happy-ending parlors", Time Out New York, 25 January 2011, archived from the original on 5 July 2011, retrieved 1 December 2016
  26. ^ Kara 2010, pp. 179–180.
  27. ^ "Earnings of an Asian Massage Parlor in Washington DC". Havocscope Black Market. 2005-11-05. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  28. ^ a b "X RATED: DC's Underground Sex Industry". 2005. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  29. ^ "West Bridgewater spa advertised 'table showers' on Craigslist". 22 February 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  30. ^ a b "Police barely decent in massage parlor sting". Washington Times. 6 February 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  31. ^ a b "Time to Drop the Massage Parlor Ads". Washington Post. 27 August 2006. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  32. ^ Elizabeth Dias (11 April 2018). "Trump Signs Bill Amid Momentum to Crack Down on Trafficking". New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  33. ^ Kennedy, Merrit (23 March 2018). "Craigslist Shuts Down Personals Section After Congress Passes Bill On Trafficking". Washington, DC, USA: National Public Radio.
  34. ^ Grimm, Andy (22 April 2018). "Some sex workers worry about their business after feds shut down Backpage.com". Chicago, Illinois, USA: The Chicago Sun-Times.
  35. ^ Lalita Clozel (15 September 2019). "After Backpage, U.S. Investigates Massage, Escort Websites That Now Dominate Market". Wall Street journal. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  36. ^ "Mt. Prospect massage parlor owner gets life sentence". Chicago Tribune. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

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