Massospondylidae

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Massospondylids
Temporal range: Late TriassicEarly Jurassic, 227–176 Ma
PreꞒ
O
S
D
C
P
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Pg
N
Adeopapposaurus mognai.jpg
An example of Massospondylidae, Adeopapposaurus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Sauropodomorpha
Clade: Massopoda
Family: Massospondylidae
Huene, 1914
Type species
Massospondylus carinatus
Owen, 1854
Genera[1][2]

Massospondylidae is a family of early massopod dinosaurs[3][4] that existed in Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Antarctica[5] during the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic periods. Several dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years. The largest cladistic analysis of early sauropodomorphs, which was presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in November 2011, found Adeopapposaurus, Coloradisaurus, Glacialisaurus, Massospondylus, Leyesaurus and Lufengosaurus to be massospondylids.[6] This result supports many previous analyses that tested fewer taxa.[4][7][8][9] However, this analysis found the two recently described North American massopods, Sarahsaurus and Seitaad, and the South African Ignavusaurus to nest outside Massospondylidae, as opposed to some provisional proposals.[10][11] Earlier in 2011, Pradhania, a sauropodomorph from India, was tested for the first time in a large cladistic analysis and was found to be a relatively basal massospondylid.[12] Mussaurus and Xixiposaurus may also be included within Massospondylidae.[13] In 2019, a specimen previously assigned to Massospondylus from South Africa was re-examined and found to belong to a separate genus that was named Ngwevu.[14]

Phylogeny[]

Massospondylidae, which was first named by Huene in 1914, is a stem-based taxon. It was defined by Sereno as all animals more closely related to Massospondylus carinatus than to Plateosaurus engelhardti and Saltasaurus loricatus.[15]

The following simplified cladogram is based on an analysis presented by Chapelle and colleagues in 2019.[1]

 Massopoda 

Anchisaurus

Jingshanosaurus

Seitaad

 Massospondylidae 

Massospondylus carinatus

Ignavusaurus

Sarahsaurus

Adeopapposaurus

Leyesaurus

Coloradisaurus

Massospondylus kaalae

Lufengosaurus

Ngwevu

Yunnanosaurus

Sauropodiformes

Below is a simplified cladogram after Müller, 2019.[2]

Massopoda

Anchisaurus

Adeopapposaurus

Leyesaurus

Massospondylidae

Sarahsaurus

Xingxiulong

Pradhania

Massospondylus kaalae

Massospondylus carinatus

Lufengosaurus

Glacialisaurus

Coloradisaurus

Yunnanosaurus

Jingshanosaurus

Riojasauridae

Riojasaurus

Eucnemesaurus

E. entaxonis

E. fortis

Seitaad

Sauropodiformes

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References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Chapelle, Kimberley E. J.; Barrett, Paul M.; Botha, Jennifer; Choiniere, Jonah N. (August 5, 2019). "Ngwevu intloko: a new early sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa and comments on cranial ontogeny in Massospondylus carinatus". PeerJ. 7: e7240. doi:10.7717/peerj.7240. PMC 6687053. PMID 31403001.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Müller, Rodrigo Temp (2019). "Craniomandibular osteology of Macrocollum itaquii (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (10): 805–841. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1683902. S2CID 209575985.
  3. ^ Yates, Adam M. (2003). "Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany". Palaeontology. 46 (2): 317–337. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Yates, Adam M. (2007). Barrett, Paul M.; Batten, David J. (eds.). "The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)". Evolution and Palaeobiology: 9–55.
  5. ^ Hellert, Spencer M. "A New Basal Sauropodomorph from The Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica." Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,. Vol. 44. No. 5. 2012.
  6. ^ Cecilia Apaldetti, Ricardo N. Martinez, Oscar A. Alcober and Diego Pol (2011). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e26964. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626964A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. PMC 3212523. PMID 22096511.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Smith, Nathan D.; Pol, Diego (2007). "Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 52 (4): 657–674.
  8. ^ Martínez, Ricardo N. (2009). "Adeopapposaurus mognai, gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 142–164. doi:10.1671/039.029.0102. S2CID 85074392.
  9. ^ Diego Pol, Alberto Garrido, Ignacio A. Cerda (2011). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the Origin and Evolution of the Sauropod-type Sacrum". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e14572. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...614572P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014572. PMC 3027623. PMID 21298087.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Joseph J. W. Sertich and Mark A. Loewen (2010). Laudet, Vincent (ed.). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah". PLOS ONE. 5 (3): e9789. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9789S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009789. PMC 2844413. PMID 20352090.
  11. ^ Yates, Adam M.; Matthew F. Bonnan; Johann Neveling (2011). "A new basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (3): 610–625. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.560626. S2CID 85589914.
  12. ^ Fernando E. Novas; Martin D. Ezcurra; Sankar Chatterjee; T. S. Kutty (2011). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101 (3–4): 333–349. doi:10.1017/S1755691011020093. S2CID 128620874.
  13. ^ SEKIYA Toru (2010). "A new prosauropod dinosaur from Lower Jurassic in Lufeng of Yunnan". Global Geology. 29 (1): 6–15. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2010.01.002 (inactive 31 May 2021). Archived from the original on 2015-07-13.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2021 (link)
  14. ^ Chapelle, K.E.J.; Barrett, P.M.; Botha, J.; Choiniere, J.N. (2019). "Ngwevu intloko: a new early sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa and comments on cranial ontogeny in Massospondylus carinatus". PeerJ. 7: e7240. doi:10.7717/peerj.7240. PMC 6687053. PMID 31403001.
  15. ^ Sereno, P.C. (1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with applications to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 210: 41–83. doi:10.1127/njgpa/210/1998/41.
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