Masticophis flagellum flagellum

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Masticophis flagellum flagellum
Masticophis flagellum flagellum.jpg
Eastern coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum flagellum

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Masticophis
Species:
M. flagellum
Subspecies:
M. f. flagellum
Trinomial name
Masticophis flagellum flagellum
Shaw, 1802
Synonyms
Masticophis flagellum flagellum-Florida-Adult
Masticophis flagellum flagellum-Florida -Sub adult

Masticophis flagellum flagellum, commonly known as the Eastern coachwhip, is a subspecies of M. flagellum, a nonvenomous, colubrid snake, endemic to the southern United States.[4][5]

Distribution[]

The subspecies ranges from North Carolina to Florida in the east, and from eastern Kansas to eastern Texas in the west. They are notably absent from the Mississippi Delta, which divides their range into two separate groupings.[4]

Description[]

Adults are long and slender, ranging from 50 to 72 inches (130–180 cm) in total length. The longest on record was 102 inches (260 cm). They are among North America's largest native snakes. The head and neck are usually black, fading to tan posteriorly. Some specimens may lack the dark head and neck pigmentation.[4][5] Their smooth scales and coloration give the appearance of a braided whip, hence the common name.[5]

Habitat[]

The subspecies can be found in a wide variety of habitats, but is most abundant in the southeastern coastal plain. Its preferred habitat includes sandy pine woodlands, pine-palmetto flatwoods, cedar glades, and along creeks, marshes and swamplands.[4][5][6]

Behavior & diet[]

The Eastern coachwhip is an active, fast-moving snake. It is diurnal and hunts it prey by smell and sight. It frequently hunts with its head raised above the ground and vegetation, and unlike most snakes, visually locks onto its prey's position before capture. Following capture, the snake swallows its prey alive. It has strong jaws with rows of small, inward slanting teeth. It has sometimes been observed to beat its prey against the ground in an apparent effort to stun it prior to swallowing. Prey items include birds, large insects, lizards, other snakes, and small mammals.[5][6]

Reproduction[]

Eastern coachwhips mate in the spring, with the female laying a clutch of 10-16 eggs in June or July. The eggs are laid in rotting vegetation or logs. The hatchlings emerge after 6 to 11 weeks, and are initially 12 to 16 inches (30–41 cm) in length.[5]

Myth[]

A common myth is that the Eastern coachwhip will intentionally attack people and whip them with its tail. This is false.[4][7] In truth, when disturbed this snake will usually quickly flee. It will sometimes vibrate the tip of its tail among the ground litter, making a sound suggestive of a rattlesnake. If trapped, it will aggressively defend itself, striking repeatedly and biting.[5]

References[]

  1. ^ Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis flagelliformis, pp. 389-390.)
  2. ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  3. ^ Conant, R. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 429 pp.
    ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Masticophis flagellum flagellum, pp. 181-182 + Plate 26 + Map 141.)
  4. ^ a b c d e "Eastern Coachwhip, Coachwhip, Racer". Florida Museum of Natural History. University of Florida. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Eastern Coachwhip". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Eastern Coachwhip Species Profile". Reptile Channel.com. BowTie, Inc. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  7. ^ "Eastern Coachwhip". Missouri Department of Conservation. Conservation Commission of Missouri. Archived from the original on June 3, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
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