Melqart stele

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Melqart stele
Melqart or Bir Hadad stele.jpg
The stele
WritingAramaic inscription
Created9th century BCE
Period/cultureAramaean
Discovered1939
PlaceBurayj, 7km north of Aleppo, Syria[1]
Present locationNational Museum of Aleppo
IdentificationAO 8185

The Melqart stele, also known as the Ben-Hadad or Bir-Hadad stele is an Aramaic stele which was created during the 9th century BCE and was discovered in 1939 in Syria.[2] The Old Aramaic inscription is known as KAI 201; its five lines reads:

“The stele which Bir-Hadad, son of ‘Ezer, the Damascene, son of the king of Aram, erected to his Lord Melqart, to whom he made a vow and who heard his voice.”

According to William Foxwell Albright, the stele should be attributed to Ben-Hadad I, an Aramean king mentioned in the First Book of Kings.[3] However, Kenneth Kitchen disagrees and states that there is no actual evidence that connects the Melqart stele to Ben-Hadad I.[4]

Bibliography[]

  • Maurice Dunand, Stèle araméenne dédiée à Melqart, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth III (1939), p. 65–76
  • Dunand, M., " A propos de la stèle de Melqart du Musée d'Alep ." BMB 6 (1942- 43): 41–45.
  • William F. Albright. “A Votive Stele Erected by Ben-Hadad I of Damascus to the God Melcarth.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 87, 1942, pp. 23–29. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1355460. Accessed 4 Apr. 2020.
  • Della Vida, G. Levi, and W. F. Albright. “Some Notes on the Stele of Ben-Hadad.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 90, 1943, pp. 30–34. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1354906. Accessed 4 Apr. 2020.
  • Jepsen, Alfred. “Zur Melqart-Stele Barhadads.” Archiv Für Orientforschung, vol. 16, 1952, pp. 315–317. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41635800. Accessed 4 Apr. 2020.
  • Frank Moore Cross. “The Stele Dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad of Damascus.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 205, 1972, pp. 36–42. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1356214. Accessed 4 Apr. 2020.
  • Black, Matthew. "The Milqart Stele." In Documents from Old Testament Times. Edited by D. W. Thomas, 239-41. London: Thomas Nelson, 1958. Reprinted, Ancient Texts and Translations. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2005.
  • Dearman, Andrew J., and J. Maxwell Miller. "The Melqart Stele and the Ben-Hadads of Damscus: Two Studies." Palestine Exploration Quarterly 115 (1983) 95-101.
  • Reinhold, Gotthard G. G. "The Bir-Hadad Stele and the Biblical Kings of Aram." Andrews University Seminary Studies 24 (1986) 115-26.

See also[]

  • List of artifacts significant to the Bible

Notes[]

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Pitard, Wayne T. “The Identity of the Bir-Hadad of the Melqart Stela.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 272, 1988, pp. 3–21. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1356783. Accessed 4 Apr. 2020.
  3. ^ Albright, W. F. (1942-10-01). "A Votive Stele Erected by Ben-Hadad I of Damascus to the God Melcarth". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 87 (87): 23–29. doi:10.2307/1355460. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1355460. S2CID 163203878.
  4. ^ Kitchen, K. A. (2006-06-09). On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-8028-0396-2.
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