Mesobuthus martensii

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Mesobuthus martensii
Mesobuthus martensii (283).jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Arachnida
Order:
Scorpiones
Family:
Buthidae
Genus:
Mesobuthus
Species:
M. martensii
Binomial name
Mesobuthus martensii
(Karsch, 1879)
Synonyms [1][2][3]
  • Buthus martensi
  • Buthus martensii Karsch
  • Mesobuthus martensi
  • Mesobuthus martensis
  • Mesobuthus martensii martensii
  • Buthus confucius

Mesobuthus martensii is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. Its common names include Chinese scorpion,[1][2] Manchurian scorpion,[1][2] Chinese armor-tail scorpion and Chinese golden scorpion. Despite its common name, this scorpion is not only found in Manchuria or China, but also in Mongolia and Japan.[3] Its preferred habitat is warm, dry areas with little vegetation. M. martensii can grow to about 6 centimetres (2.4 in) long, with females usually slightly larger, and has a life-span of about 4 to 6 years.

Taxonomic history[]

This species of scorpion was first described as Buthus martensii by German arachnologist Ferdinand Karsch in 1879.[1][3] Independently, Simon in 1880 described specimens he found in the gardens of the summer palace at Peking (present-day Beijing) as Buthus confucius, which Karsch synonymized as Buthus martensii in 1881.[3] Subsequently, in 1950, it was transferred to Mesobuthus, a new genus established by French arachnologist .[1][3]

Uses[]

M. martensii, especially its tail, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many centuries to treat various neuronal problems, such as chronic pain, paralysis, apoplexy and epilepsy.[4][5][6] Over the past few decades, dozens of novel proteins in this scorpion's venom have been identified, cloned and investigated for clinical applications. For instance, at least 51 long-chain peptides related to the sodium channel toxins and 18 peptides related to the potassium channel toxins have been described, along with two peptides, and , that act on ryanodine receptors.[4] Apart from having analgesic properties,[6] BmK AS is also the first long-chain scorpion peptide reported to have antimicrobial activity.[7] Amongst the sodium channel-specific neurotoxins, there are a number of muscle relaxants, such as [8] and bukatoxin,[9] while BmKAEP[10][11] and [12] have shown anticonvulsant activity in experimental conditions, inhibiting epileptic seizures induced in rats. has both analgesic and antitumor properties and recombinant proteins could potentially be used in anticancer treatments.[13][14]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e "Mesobuthus martensii". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
  2. ^ a b c Mesobuthus martensii (Manchurian scorpion) (Buthus martensii), UniProt Taxonomy database
  3. ^ a b c d e Qi, Jian-Xin; Zhu, Ming-Sheng; Lourenço, Wilson R. (2004). "Redescription of Mesobuthus martensii martensii (Karsch, 1879) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from China" (PDF). . 10, 31-XII-2004: 137–144. ISSN 1576-9518.
  4. ^ a b Goudet, C.; Chi, C. W.; Tytgat, J. (2002). "An overview of toxins and genes from the venom of the Asian scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch". Toxicon. 40 (9): 1239–1258. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00142-3. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 12220709.
  5. ^ Shao, Jianhua; Zhang, Rong; Ge, Xin; Yang, Bin; Zhang, Jinghai (2007). "Analgesic Peptides in Buthus martensii Karsch: A Traditional Chinese Animal Medicine" (PDF). . 2 (2): 45–50. ISSN 1817-4337. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07.
  6. ^ a b Shao, Jianhua; Kang, Ning; Liu, Yanfeng; Song, Shuang; Wu, Chunfu; Zhang, Jinghai. (2007). "Purification and characterization of an analgesic peptide from Buthus martensii Karsch". Biomedical Chromatography. 21 (12): 1266–1271. doi:10.1002/bmc.882. ISSN 0269-3879. PMID 17604360.
  7. ^ Shao, Jian-Hua; Yue-Qiu Wang; Xiao-Yan Wu; Rui Jiang; Rong Zhang; Chun-Fu Wu; Jing-Hai Zhang (2007). "Cloning, expression, and pharmacological activity of BmK AS, an active peptide from scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch". Biotechnology Letters. 30 (1): 23–29. doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9499-y. ISSN 0141-5492. PMID 17701272.
  8. ^ Gong, J.; Kini R. M.; Gwee M. C.; Gopalakrishnakone P.; Chung M. C. (1997). "Makatoxin I, a novel toxin isolated from the venom of the Scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, exhibits nitrergic actions". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (13): 8320–8324. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8320. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9079654.
  9. ^ Srinivasan, K. N.; S. Nirthanan; T. Sasaki; K. Sato; B. Cheng; M.C.E. Gwee; R. M. Kini; P. Gopalakrishnakone (2001). "Functional site of bukatoxin, an α-type sodium channel neurotoxin from the Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) venom: probable role of the 52PDKVP56 loop". FEBS Letters. 494 (3): 145–149. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02342-0. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 11311230.
  10. ^ Wang, Chun-Guang; He, Xiao-Lin; Shao, Feng; Liu, Wei; Ling, Min-Hua; Wang, Da-Cheng; Chi, Cheng-Wu (2001). "Molecular characterization of an anti-epilepsy peptide from the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (8): 2480–5. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02132.x. PMID 11298767.
  11. ^ Zhou, X. H.; Yang, D.; Zhang, J. H.; Liu, C. M.; Lei, K. J. (1989). "Purification and N-terminal partial sequence of anti-epilepsy peptide from venom of the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch". The Biochemical Journal. 257 (2): 509–17. doi:10.1042/bj2570509. PMC 1135608. PMID 2930463.
  12. ^ Zhao, R.; X.-Y. Zhang; J. Yang; C.-C. Weng; L.-L. Jiang; J.-W. Zhang; X.-Q. Shu; Y.-H. Ji (2008). "Anticonvulsant effect of BmK IT2, a sodium channel-specific neurotoxin, in rat models of epilepsy". British Journal of Pharmacology. 154 (5): 1116–1124. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.156. ISSN 0007-1188. PMC 2451059. PMID 18587450.
  13. ^ Liu, Y; Ma R. L.; Wang S. L.; Duan Z. Y.; Zhang J. H.; Wu L. J.; Wu C. F. (2003). "Expression of an antitumor–analgesic peptide from the venom of Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii karsch in Escherichia coli". Protein Expression and Purification. 27 (2): 253–258. doi:10.1016/S1046-5928(02)00609-5. ISSN 1046-5928. PMID 12597884.
  14. ^ Liu, Yanfeng; Zhang, Zaiguo; Mao, Yingzi; Cui, Yong; Hu, Nan; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Jinghai. (2009). "Production and antitumor efficacy of recombinant Buthus martensii Karsch AGAP" (PDF). . 4 (6): 228–233. ISSN 1817-4337.
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