Meyer Fortes

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Meyer Fortes FBA FRAI (25 April 1906 – 27 January 1983) was a South African-born anthropologist, best known for his work among the Tallensi and Ashanti in Ghana.

Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person" into his structural-functional analyses of kinship, the family, and ancestor worship setting a standard for studies on . His celebrated book, Oedipus and Job in West African Religion (1959), fused his two interests and set a standard for comparative ethnology. He also wrote extensively on issues of the first born, kingship, and divination.

Life[]

Fortes received his anthropological training from Charles Gabriel Seligman at the London School of Economics. Fortes also trained with Bronisław Malinowski and Raymond Firth. Along with contemporaries A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Sir Edmund Leach, Audrey Richards, and Lucy Mair, Fortes held strong functionalist views that insisted upon empirical evidence in order to generate analyses of society. His volume with E. E. Evans-Pritchard, African Political Systems (1940) established the principles of segmentation and balanced opposition, which were to become the hallmarks of African political anthropology. Despite his work in Francophone West Africa, Fortes' work on political systems was influential to other British anthropologists, especially Max Gluckman and played a role in shaping what became known as the Manchester school of social anthropology, which emphasized the problems of working in colonial Central Africa.

Fortes spent much of his career as a Reader at the University of Cambridge and was the William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology there from 1950–1973.

In 1963, Fortes delivered the inaugural Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture at the University of Rochester, considered by many to be the most important annual lecture series in the field of Anthropology.^[1]

Fortes was President of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland from 1965–67 and recipient of the Institute's highest honour, the Huxley Memorial Medal in 1977.

Selected bibliography[]

• 1940. African Political Systems (editor, with E. E. Evans-Pritchard). London and New York: International African Institute.
• 1945. The Dynamics of Clanship among the Tallensi.
• 1949. The Web of Kinship among the Tallensi.
• 1959. Oedipus and Job in West African Religion.
• 1969. Kinship and the Social Order.
• 1970. Time and Social Structure.
• 1970. Social Structure (editor).
• 1983. Rules and the Emergence of Society.

References[]

• Hart, Keith (2018).“Structural Dynamics: Forms, Networks, Numbers. (Meyer Fortes in the 1940s)”, in BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris.
• Kuper, Adam (2018). « L’ancêtre sans culte : une biographie intellectuelle de Meyer Fortes », in BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris.
• Parker, John (November 2013). "The dynamics of fieldwork among the Talensi: Meyer Fortes in northern Ghana, 1934-7'". Africa. Cambridge University Press. 83 (4): 623–645.

External links[]

• Functionalism
• Lecture by Meyer Fortes on Talensi divination followed by a discussion with students. Filmed 1982 by Audio Visual Aids Unit in Cambridge
• Resources related to research : BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology. "Fortes, Meyer (1906-1983)", Paris, 2018. (ISSN 2648-2770)