Microlophus jacobi

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Santiago lava lizard
Santiago Lava Lizard.jpg

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Tropiduridae
Genus: Microlophus
Species:
M. jacobi
Binomial name
Microlophus jacobi
(Baur, 1892)
Microlophus jacobi distribution.svg
Synonyms
  • Tropidurus jacobi
  • Microlophus jacobii

The Santiago lava lizard (Microlophus jacobi) is a species of lava lizard in the family Tropiduridae.[2][3] They are endemic to the Galapagos islands of Santiago, Bartolomé, Rábida and a few islets. They are also the only lava lizards present on these islands.[4][5] This species was formerly considered a subpopulation of the Galápagos lava lizard, but is now widely considered as a distinct species.[3][6]

Description[]

Common year-round, these diurnal lizards inhabit rocky volcanic areas of their islands along with dry shrub and grassland. They usually spend the midday hours in the shade to avoid the heat. They spend the night beneath the soil, among rocks or the leaf litter. This species is known to feed on plant material such as leaves, fruit, and seeds, along with insects. They have native predators such as Thomas's racer and invasive threats that were introduced by humans such as black rats. To escape from these predators, Santiago lava lizards have been known to run and hide in crevices along with climbing on the abandoned nests of Santiago Island giant tortoises.[6][5]

Classification[]

Santiago lava lizards are classified as Iguania lizards within the family Tropiduridae, a family of South American lizards.[2][3] The genus name Microlophus meaning “small crest” refers to the small crest on the head. While, jacobi refers to the Latin name of the Santiago Island, Jacobi (James).[5]

Sexual dimorphism[]

Females are about 19 cm long, while males tend to be larger at around 27 cm. Generally, females have a brown body with black markings around their shoulder and a bright orange or red colour on their face. Males tend to have more variety in their colour than females and have black and white spots on their brown body. There is also much variation in colors and skin patterns within species. Males of the species are distinguished by having a raised middorsal crest.[3][5]

Reproduction[]

Santiago lava lizards are oviparous, females lay 1–3 eggs in nests near rocks or vegetation. These nests are dug out of sandy parts of the islands. Females then protect the nests from predators and other females trying to disturb them. For courtship, males perform push-up displays and fight over territory.[5]

Distribution[]

It is endemic to the islands of Santiago, Rábida, Bartolomé, and six surrounding islets in the central Galapagos archipelago. In total the entire species is estimated to only inhabit 463 km2.

Conservation[]

The species is listed as least concern by the IUCN Red List.[4] Santiago Island, which makes up most of their range, is not permanently inhabited by humans. Also the entirety of their range is situated within Ecuador's Galapagos National Park. The only threat the species is facing would be the introduced population of black rats preying on them.[5]

References[]

  1. ^ Márquez, C.; Yánez-Muñoz, M. (2016). "Microlophus jacobi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T88793780A88793787. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T88793780A88793787.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Microlophus jacobii". The Reptile Database. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  3. ^ a b c d "Microlophus jacobi".[dead link]
  4. ^ a b Márquez, C.; Yánez-Muñoz, M. (2014-02-24). "Microlophus jacobi: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T88793780A88793787". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014-02-24. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-1.rlts.t88793780a88793787.en.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Arteaga, A.; Aguiar, G.; Guayasamin, J.M. Reptiles of Ecuador: Life in the middle of the world – via www.reptilesofecuador.com.
  6. ^ a b Benavides, Edgar; Baum, Rebecca; Snell, Heidi M.; Snell, Howard L.; Jr, Jack W. Sites (2009). "Island Biogeography of Galápagos Lava Lizards (tropiduridae: Microlophus): Species Diversity and Colonization of the Archipelago". Evolution. 63 (6): 1606–1626. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00617.x. ISSN 1558-5646.
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