Miniature cattle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Miniature cattle are found in various parts of the world. Some, such as the Dexter of Ireland and the Vechur of Kerala, India, are traditional breeds; others have been recently created by selective breeding. The Australian Lowline was the unexpected result of a scientific experiment.[1]: 3  Some, but not all, miniature breeds display achondroplasia, or dwarfism.[2]: xxvi 

Compared to larger cattle, miniature cattle require less space and less feed,[3] and may be easier to handle.[4] They do less damage to pasture land, do not need such high or strong fencing,[5] and do not produce as much methane.[3]

List of Miniature Breeds[]

Breed Origin Height/weight Image
[6][7][8] Pakistan, less accessible Hindu Kush Mountain valleys in northern Pakistan.(indicine cattle, Pakistani Zebu group) average of 103 cm
Achham zebu, Achham District of Nepal (indicine cattle, Nepali Zebu group)[2]: 259 
  • Males: 97 cm
  • Females: 88 cm
Australian Lowline derived from Aberdeen Angus in Australia (European taurine cattle)[9]
  • Males: 110 cm
  • Females: 100 cm
 Lowline bull.jpg
Azerbaijani or Caucasian Dwarf Zebu [10][11][12] Azerbaijan (indicine cattle, Central Asian or Caucasian Zebu group) average of 107cm
Bakosi cattle[13][14] They are found in the south-western mountains of Cameroon, west of the Nkongsamba on the border between the Southwest region and Littoral provinces. (West African taurine cattle, West African Savannah Shorthorn group) 110cm
Baoulé (also Lobi, Mere) Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso
  • Males: 100-106 cm
  • Females: 90-100 cm
[2]: 122 
[15][16] Nigeria (West African Sanga cattle, Small West African Sanga cattle group) average of 114cm height at the withers
[17][18][19] Benin (West African taurine cattle, West African Savannah Shorthorn group) 90-120cm
Cheruvally dwarf[20][21][22][23][24][25] India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
Coorg dwarf (Virajpet) [26][22][27][28][23] India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
Dexter traditional Irish breed (European taurine cattle) 92–107 cm[29] Red Dexter Heffer.jpg
or Jalli [30][31] Niger (West African Sanga cattle, Small West African Sanga cattle group) 110-117cm height at the withers
(ISEMZ Standard)[32] modern breed register, Netherlands & Belgium in Europe (indicine cattle, East African Zebu group,

, Goffa Dwarf Zebu x South Indian/Sri Lankan Zebu group)

Maximum height: 95 cm for both males and females
[33][34] Ghana (West African Sanga cattle, Small West African Sanga cattle group) 110-115cm height at the withers
[35][36] Kumasi humid forest zone in Ghana. (West African taurine cattle, West African Forest Shorthorn group) 80-100cm
[37][38] Concentrated in North Ghana, especially towards the northwestern boarder around Bole, Wa, Lawra and Tumu. The northern part of Ashanti region is another area of concentration. Relatively pure Ghana Shorthorns are also found in reasonable numbers around Bouna in neighbouring Côte d'Ivoire, and near Gaoua in Burkina Faso. There the cattle are still pure, while to the northeast they have become influenced by the zebu. (West African taurine cattle, West African Savannah Shorthorn group) 100-115cm
Goffa or [39][40] Goffa area around Sawla in Shewa Ethiopia.

(East African indicine cattle, Small East African Zebu group, Abyssinian Shorthorned Zebu (or Ethiopian Highland Zebu) subgroup)

80-112cm height at the withers
High range dwarf or Idduki dwarf[21][22][27][41][23][42][43] India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
Kapila cows or Ashram cows[44][45][23] India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group) average of 83cm
[46][47][48] Cameroon (West African taurine cattle, West African Savannah Shorthorn group) 100-117cm
Kasagarod[49][21][23][50] traditional breed, Kerala, India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group) 95–107cm[2]: 322  Kasaragodu 01.JPG
, also sometimes called Kataku , Ketari , Borgu , Borgawa or Kaiama .[51][52][53] Nigeria (West African Sanga cattle, Small West African Sanga cattle group) average of 114cm
[54][55] Mali (West African Sanga cattle, Small West African Sanga cattle group) 100-110cm height at the withers
or Dahomey or Beninese Dwarf[56] originally from Benin but later spread to Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Togo (West African taurine cattle, West African Forest Shorthorn group)
  • Males: 105 cm
  • Females: 80 cm[57]
 Bos primigenius f taurus Dvur zoo 3.jpg
Malnad Gidda[58] Hilly, rainy and densely forested Malenadu region of the Western Ghats in the state of Karnataka in India.(Indocine cattle, South Indian Zebu group) Average of 90 cm
(American) Miniature Zebu (IMZA Standard) (known in Australia as Nadudana) modern breed register, United States (indicine cattle)
  • Males: 182–272 kg
  • Females: 136–227 kg
  • Maximum height: 107 cm[2]: 245 
 Miniature Zebu.jpg

(also Bonsai Brahman, Bonsai Zebu)		 Mexico, derived from Indu-Brasil[2]: 205 
  • Males: 200–220 kg
  • Females: 150–160 kg
Smallest examples 140 kg/60 cm[2]: 205 
Forest or or West African Dwarf Shorthorn (also known as Ghanaian Dwarf Muturu, Nigerian Dwarf Muturu)

[59][60][61]

South West Nigeria and along the coastline bordering Benin and Cameroun. (West African taurine cattle, West African Forest Shorthorn group) 71-89cm
or West African Dwarf Shorthorn[62][60][63] Central North Nigeria (Benue plateau and surroundings) (West African taurine cattle, West African Savannah Shorthorn group) 89-100cm
[48][64][65] Cameroon(West African taurine cattle, West African Savannah Shorthorn group) 95-110cm
Niata Uruguay, Argentina; now extinct[2]: xxvi  Niata cow, 1915.jpeg
Palakkad dwarf or Palakad ottapalam Dwarf[66][22][27][67][23][68] Kanjikode area, Palakad, India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
Periyar dwarf or Periyar Kullan (also known as Kuttampuzha dwarf, Kuttampuzha Kullan and Plantation Pashu)[69][21][22][70][71][23][72][73][74][75] Mostly seen on the banks of Periyar river, bordering.mostly found in places like Kodanad, Malayattoor, Kalady, Paniyeli, Vadattupara, Kuttambuzha and Charupara, which are located close to Periyar River in India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group) 95–100 cm
(a dwarf variant of Buša cattle)[76] Albania, Albanian mountain areas (European taurine cattle) 95–105 cm
Punganur[77][23] Andhra Pradesh, India (Indocine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
  • Males: 107 cm, 240 kg
  • Females: 97 cm, 170 kg[78]
 Punganur bull.jpg
[79][80] [81] Shewa Ghimira of the former Kefa region of Ethiopia adjacent to the Sudanese boarder.

(East African taurine cattle)

average of 105cm height at the withers
[82][83][84] Benin,hilly Atacora region in North-West Benin. (West African taurine, West African Savannah Shorthorn group)
  • Males: 110 cm
  • Females: 85 cm[85]
Tajik[86] Tajikistan (indicine cattle, Central Asian or Caucasian Zebu group) average of 109cm
Thattekkadu dwarf[21][22][27][23] India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
Turkmen[87] Turkmenistan (indicine cattle, Central Asian or Caucasian Zebu group) average of 112cm
Umblachery or Tamil Nadu dwarf zebu[88] Coastal plains of the districts of Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Tiruvarur in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. (Indocine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
  • Males: 113 cm
  • Females: 103 cm[85]
Uzbek[89] Uzbekistan (indicine cattle, Central Asian or Caucasian Zebu group) average of 114cm
Vadakara dwarf [90][21][22][27][45][91][23][92][93] India (indicine cattle, South Indian Zebu group) 95–100 cm
Vechur[94][21][23][95] traditional breed, Kerala, India (Indocine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)

[2]: xxvi 

average of 90 cm and below Vechur Cow.jpg
Vilwadri [96]

[22][27][23][97][98]

India (Indocine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)
Wayanad [99][100][101] Found in areas like Muthanga, Chiramoola and Uppachira in Wayanad in India. (Indocine cattle, South Indian Zebu group)

An American breeder, Richard Gradwohl, has developed eighteen different strains of miniature cattle.[3] Miniature Galloway, Hereford and Holstein have been bred.[2]: 245 [3] In the United States, small zebuine cattle deriving from stock imported from Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Sweden may be registered as "Miniature Zebu".[2]: 245  In Australia, cattle derived from these are known as "Nadudana"; in 2009, four of them were exported to New Zealand.[102]

In the United States, Jersey cattle of the original island type may be known as "Miniature Jersey"; Jersey cows stand about 115–120 cm and weigh some 350 kg.[2]: 212 

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