Mohammad Gholi Majd

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Mohammad Gholi Majd
Born1946 (age 75–76)
Tehran, Iran[1]
Academic background
Alma materCornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
ThesisPolicies Concerning Sugar Production in Iran (1978)
Academic work
Main interestsHistory of Iran

Mohammad Gholi Majd (Persian: محمدقلی مجد), also known as Mohammad Gholi Madjd, is an agricultural economist and a historian. He has contributed to the fields of land tenure and distribution, agrarian policy, and the history of modern Iran. Majd has used the American diplomatic archives pertaining to Iran to provide a history of the under-studied period of 1914 to 1941. In addition, he is the author of a trilogy on Iran's three historical famines: The Great Famine of 1869-1873, the World War I famine of 1917-1919, and the World War II famine and typhus epidemic of 1942-1944, major calamities that, in the words of one reviewer, have been "often overlooked" and "largely forgotten",[2] or, as indicated by another reviewer, entirely relegated to oblivion.[3]

Majd obtained an MA in political economy from University of Saint Andrews, a post graduate diploma in economic development from University of Manchester, and an MA in agricultural economics also from University of Manchester. He earned a PhD in agricultural economics from Cornell University in 1978. In 2002, the Department of Agricultural Economics at Cornell University was renamed the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management. Majd taught economics at several American universities prior to concentrating on Iranian studies. He was a lecturer at the Middle East Center, University of Pennsylvania, from 1992 to 1998, and an adjunct professor at Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies, New York University, from 1992 to 1997.[1]

Criticisms[]

Certain reviewers have criticised Majd's research. Ervand Abrahamian has described claims by Majd that the Persian famine of 1917-1919 was a genocide as being a "wild accusation" and that the figures put forward by Majd were an "exaggerated discussion".[4] Cormac Ó Gráda equally describes the claim of genocide as "not possible to take literally".[5] The authors Alidad Mafinezam and Aria Mehrabi in their work Iran and Its Place Among Nations have stated that Majd's work suffers from methodological defects, including a lack of triangulation.[6]

Bibliography[]

Books[]

  • Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and the Ulama in Iran. University Press of Florida. 2000.[R 1][R 2][R 3][R 4][R 5][R 6][R 7]
  • Great Britain & Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921–1941. University Press of Florida. 2001.[R 8][R 9][R 10][R 11][R 12][R 13]
  • The Great American Plunder of Persia's Antiquities, 1925–1941. University Press of America. 2003.[R 14][R 15]
  • Persia in World War I and Its Conquest by Great Britain. University Press of America. 2003.[R 16][R 17][R 18]
  • The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia, 1917–1919. University Press of America. 2003.[R 19][R 20] *The Great Famine & Genocide in Iran, 1917-1919, 2nd Edition. University Press of America. 2013.
  • Iraq in World War I: From Ottoman Rule to British Conquest. University Press of America. 2006.[R 21][R 22][R 23]
  • Oil and the Killing of the American Consul in Tehran. University Press of America. 2006.</ref>[R 24][R 25]
  • From Qajar to Pahlavi: Iran, 1919–1930. University Press of America. 2008.[R 26][R 27]
  • August 1941: The Anglo-Russian Occupation of Iran and Change of Shahs. University Press of America. 2012.[R 28][R 29]
  • Iran Under Allied Occupation in World War II: The Bridge to Victory & a Land of Famine. University Press of America. 2016.[R 30]
  • A Victorian Holocaust: Iran in the Great Famine of 1869–1873. Hamilton Books. 2017.</ref>[R 31]

Other published works[]

  • Madjd, Mohammad Gholi (1983). "Land Reform and Agricultural Policy in Iran, 1962–78". Research Bulletin. Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.184108. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Majd, Mohammad G. (1987). "Land Reform Policies in Iran". American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 69 (4): 843–848. doi:10.2307/1242196. JSTOR 1242196.
  • Majd, M. G. (1989). "Land Reform Policies in Iran: Reply". American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 71 (4): 1050–1053. doi:10.2307/1242683. JSTOR 1242683.
  • Majd, M.G. (1989). "The Oil Boom and Agricultural Development: A Reconsideration of Agricultural Policy in Iran". Journal of Energy and Development. 14 (1): 125–140. JSTOR 24807861.
  • Majd, M.G. (1991). "The Oil Boom and Structural Transformation in the Sugar Industry of Iran". Journal of Rural Studies. 7 (4): 397–409. doi:10.1016/0743-0167(91)90004-C.
  • Majd, M.G. (1991). "The Political Economy of Land Reform in Iran". Land Use Policy. 8 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1016/0264-8377(91)90055-N.
  • Majd, M.G. (1992). "On the Relationship between Land Reform and Rural-Urban Migration in Iran, 1966–1976". Middle East Journal. 46 (3): 123–153.
  • Majd, Mohammad Gholi (1992). "The Statistics and Politics of Land Reform in Iran: A Comment". Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 47 (4): 687–92. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.274811.
  • Majd, M.G.; Nowshirvani, V.F. (1993). "Land reform in Iran Revisited: New evidence on the Results of Land Reform in Nine Provinces". Journal of Peasant Studies. 20 (3): 442–458. doi:10.1080/03066159308438517.
  • Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2000). "Small Landowners and Land Distribution in Iran, 1962–71". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 32 (1): 123–153. doi:10.1017/S0020743800021073. JSTOR 259538. S2CID 162294229.
  • Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2012). "A Response to Pezhmann Dailami's Review of "From Qajar to Pahlavi: Iran, 1919-1930"". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 44 (1): 209–210. doi:10.1017/S0020743811001565. JSTOR 41475012. S2CID 162968911.
  • Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2021). "The Three Famines and the Makings of A Malthusian Catastrophe in Iran, 1869-1944". Journal of Iranian Islamic Period History. 12 (27): 75–105. doi:10.22034/JIIPH.2021.44132.2161.

References[]

  1. ^ a b Fazeli, Mahmoud, translated by Jairan Gahan, "Persia in World War I and Its Conquest by Great Britain", Iranian Oral History, retrieved 1 December 2019
  2. ^ Hecht, Clara (2018). "Recent Publications. A Victotian Holocaust: Iran in The Great Famine of 1869-1873". Middle East Journal. 72 (2): 353.
  3. ^ Walsh, Pat (2010). "Who Remembers the Persians...? Book Review. The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia, 1917-1919". Irish Foreign Affairs. 3 (3): 4–7.
  4. ^ Floor, Willem (2005). "Review of The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia, 1917-1919". Iranian Studies. 38 (1): 192–196. doi:10.1017/S002108620001954X. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 4311715. S2CID 245663006.
  5. ^ Gráda, Cormac Ó (2009). Famine: A Short History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12237-3.
  6. ^ Mafinezam, Alidad; Mehrabi, Aria (2008). Iran and Its Place Among Nations. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-99926-1.

Reviews of Works in Scholarly Journals[]

  1. ^ Atkin, J. (2001). "Reviewed Work: Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and Ulama in Iran". Development and Change. 32 (5): 999–1024. doi:10.1111/1467-7660.00235.
  2. ^ Frings-Hessami, Khadija (2001). "Reviewed work: Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and Ulama in Iran". Middle Eastern Studies. 37 (3): 231–234. doi:10.1080/714004402.
  3. ^ Ajami, Amir Ismail (2001). "Reviewed Work: Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and Ulama in Iran". Middle East Journal. 55 (1): 134–135.
  4. ^ Floor, Willem (2003). "Reviewed Work: Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and Ulama in Iran by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Iranian Studies. 36 (2): 394–296. JSTOR 4311538.
  5. ^ Afshin, Marashi (2002). "Reviewed Work: Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and the Ulama in Iran by Mohammad Gholi Majd". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 34 (1): 154–156. doi:10.1017/S0020743802331064. JSTOR 3880183. S2CID 163789613. "Majd's work is perhaps unique ... What we are presented with is a work that, for the first time, tells the story of land reform through a combination of detailed and often revisionist empirical observations of a trained economist with the sensitive and sympathetic renderings of a cultural historian."
  6. ^ Wilson, Rodney (2001). "Book Reviews: Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and the Ulama in Iran by Mohammad Gholi Majd". The Journal of Development Studies. 37 (4): 187–188. doi:10.1080/00220380412331322091. S2CID 216140552. "This publication should enable economic historians to have a much more balanced understanding of the forces driving and frustrating Iran's rural development. As an economist the author is able to apply powerful tools of analysis to the rich source material at his disposal, which results in a very persuasive interpretation of modern Iranian history."
  7. ^ Cronin, Stephanie (2001). "Modernity, Power and Islam in Iran: Reflections on Some Recent Literature: Review Article". Middle Eastern Studies. 37 (4): 237–255. doi:10.1080/714004417. JSTOR 4284203. S2CID 144106987. "Basing himself primarily on the memoirs and private papers of his father, Mohammad Ali Majd, Fatn-ol-Saltaneh (1891-1978), Majd engages in a close study of the land policy of the two Pahlavi Shahs, and the social and economic consequences of these policies, and their contribution to the popular uprisings of 1962-63 ... Majd has constructed a fascinating account of these events, full of information and rich in detail."
  8. ^ Bonakdarian, Mansour (2002). "Reviewed Work: Great Britain & Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921–1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies. 34 (4): 688–690. doi:10.2307/4054714. JSTOR 4054714.
  9. ^ Luft, Paul (2004). "Reviewed Work: Great Britain and Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921–1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 67 (1): 93–95. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0424006X. JSTOR 4145763. S2CID 162289186.
  10. ^ Cronin, Stephanie (2002). "Reviewed Work: Great Britain and Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921–1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 34 (4): 758–761. JSTOR 3879711. "There is much valuable and interesting information in this book, and Majd has clearly spent a lot of time and effort trawling the largely unmined U.S. archives. The book contains mountains of information on many subjects that have received little attention, including the shah's peculiar mania for land acquisition; the extreme brutality, including mass population transfers, of the tribal policies; and the reign of terror launched by the regime in the 1930s."
  11. ^ Richard, Yann (2006). "Reviewed Work: Great Britain and Reza Shah. The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Iranian Studies. 39 (2): 278–280. doi:10.1017/S002108620002168X. JSTOR 4311820. S2CID 245664583.
  12. ^ Zirinsky, Michael P. (2002). "Reviewed Work: Great Britain & Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Middle East Journal. 56 (2): 339–340. JSTOR 4329764.
  13. ^ Martin, Vanessa (2002). "Reviewed Work: Great Britain and Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Middle Eastern Studies. 38 (4): 339–340. JSTOR 4284267.
  14. ^ Goode, James (2004). "Reviewed Work: The Great American Plunder of Persia's Antiquities, 1925-1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Middle East Journal. 58 (2): 319–320. JSTOR 4330019.
  15. ^ Abdi, Kamyar (2004). "Reviewed Work: The Great American Plunder of Persia's Antiquities 1925-1941 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Iranian Studies. 37 (4): 737–742. doi:10.1017/S0021086200018971. JSTOR 4311699. S2CID 245655440.
  16. ^ Cronin, Stephanie (2004). "Reviewed Work: Persia in World War I and Its Conquest by Great Britain by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Iranian Studies. 37 (4): 721–723. doi:10.1017/S0021086200018910. JSTOR 4311693. S2CID 245665592. "Majd has ... assembled a great deal of useful and interesting information. The analysis he presents, furthermore, particularly regarding the political context in Iran immediately prior to the outbreak of the war, offers some valuable insights."
  17. ^ Long, C. W. R. (2007). "Reviewed Works: Britain and the Opening up of South-West Persia, 1880-1914 by Shahbaz Shahnavaz; Persia in World War I and Its Conquest by Great Britain by M. Gholi Majd". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 34 (3): 421–423. JSTOR 20455546.
  18. ^ Petsel, Nicole (2004). "Recent Publications. Persia in World War I and Its Conquest by Great Britain". Middle East Journal. 58 (2): 330. "This study of the tumultuous period of Persian history between 1914-1918 uses declassified US State Department materials, as well as Persian sources and British military officers' memoirs to chronicle ... British, Russian, and Turkish aggression against the country, the impact of the Russian Revolution ... and Britain's consolidation of its position ..."
  19. ^ Floor, Willem (2005). "Review of The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia, 1917–1919". Iranian Studies. 38 (1): 192–196. doi:10.1080/0021086042000336582. S2CID 216147598.
  20. ^ Walsh, Pat (August 2010). "Who Remembers the Persians...? Book Review. The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia, 1917-1919" (PDF). Irish Foreign Affairs. 3 (3): 4–7. "In his book Dr Mohammad Gholi Majd provides a documentary account of the famine using sources from American diplomatic dispatches, the reports of American missionaries and contemporary newspaper and eyewitness accounts on the extent of the suffering and starvation. He also uses the memoirs of British military officers ... In Chapter 3 he provides an indication of the famine's toll by comparing the population of Persia in 1914 with that of 1919. In this he is meticulous and thorough in investigating both the pre-war and post-war population levels of Persia so that the true extent of the famine and its effect in decimating the population of the country can be accurately ascertained ... Majd uses contemporary estimates of the population levels by Europeans, election figures for the urban centres, and records of Morgan Shuster, the American Administrator-General for the Finances of Persia to show the true level of Persian population in 1914."
  21. ^ Burman, John (2008). "Reviewed Work: Iraq in World War I: From Ottoman Rule to British Conquest by Mohammad Gholi Majd". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 40 (2): 335–337. doi:10.1017/S0020743808080689. JSTOR 30069627. S2CID 162294145. "Continuing his research on the Middle East in World War I, Mohammad Gholi Majd has provided historians with valuable insight into Iraq during these pivotal years ..."
  22. ^ Tripp, Charles (2009). "Reviewed Work: Iraq in World War I: From Ottoman Rule to British Conquest by Mohammad Gholi Majd". The Historian. 71 (3): 583–584. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.2009.00246_3.x. JSTOR 24454671. S2CID 144251321.
  23. ^ White, Peter B. (2007). "Recent Publications. Iraq in World War I: From Ottoman Rule to British Conquest". Middle East Journal. 61 (2): 370. "While Majd focuses on the military aspects of the period, he devotes several chapters to the lead up to World War I in Iraq, and to the disasters encountered by the British administration ..."
  24. ^ Kittner, Nance F. (2008). "Oil and the Killing of American Consul in Tehran by Mohammad Gholi Majd". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 40 (4): 712–714. doi:10.1017/s0020743808081774. S2CID 162164873. "This study is based primarily on information from American diplomatic papers ... [T]he author has assembled material that will greatly add to the scarcity of studies previously available on this subject, especially concerning the positions taken by the American government on oil question in Persia and the Middle East ... The author covers a vast amount of material."
  25. ^ Piggot, Rosalind (2007). "Recent Publications. Oil and the Killing of the American Consul in Tehran". Middle East Journal. 61 (1): 183.
  26. ^ Dailami, Pezhmann (2010). "Reviewed Work: From Qajar to Pahlavi: Iran, 1919-1930 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 42 (4): 702–703. doi:10.1017/S0020743810001005. JSTOR 41308726. S2CID 163050529.
  27. ^ Devos, Bianca (2011). "From Qajar to Pahlavi: Iran, 1919-1930 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Abstracta Iranica. 31: 178. doi:10.4000/abstractairanica.39598. "... [T]he author makes a valuable source accessible through his extensive verbatim citations. Since the cited correspondence often goes beyond a mere account of events, it also sheds light on social and cultural changes during the early Pahlavi period. Furthermore, the almost exclusive chronological order of the documents allows the reader to closely follow the course of events which were reported in a very detailed way ..."
  28. ^ Kozhanov, Nikolay (2014). "August 1941. The Anglo-Russian Occupation of Iran and Change of Shahs, by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Middle Eastern Studies. 50 (3): 511–516. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.877714. S2CID 142626788. "The book August 1941: The Anglo-Russian Occupation of Iran and the Change of Shahs by Mohammad Gholi Majd seems to be a great gift to all historians studying the intricate story of the Allied invasion of Iran... August 1941 is a thorough and informative work broadening our knowledge of the Iranian history in the first half of the twentieth century."
  29. ^ Siebertz, Roman (2016). "August 1941. The Anglo-Russian Occupation of Iran and Change of Shahs by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Iranian Studies. 49 (6): 1112–1115. doi:10.1080/00210862.2016.1241653 (inactive 2022-01-04).CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2022 (link) "The author's source-based narrative is in several respects the asset of this study ... [T]he meticulous account of events provides a useful overview of the diplomatic and military moves of the various protagonists, also helps to dispel some popular myths, such as the myth of Reza Shah's pro-Nazi attitude. Even today, this myth is frequently put forward to justify the violation of Iran's sovereignty, however Majd's book shows there is no substance to the myth ... Majd has presented a useful book on an under-researched subject, which, as a first source of information or as a book of reference, can render good service to both scholars and students."
  30. ^ Cronin, Stephanie (2017). "Iran Under Allied Occupation in World War II: The Bridge to Victory & A Land of Famine by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Middle Eastern Studies. 53 (2): 326–327. doi:10.1080/00263206.2016.1220727. S2CID 152031825. "Mohammad Gholi Majd's latest book, which deals with food shortages and famine in Iran during the Second World War, and his previous work looking at the famine conditions experienced in Iran during the First World War, are welcome for the attention that they focus on the much-neglected subject of the suffering of ordinary Iranians during the cataclysmic and often very violent upheavals ..."
  31. ^ Hecht, Clara (2018). "Recent Publications. A Victorian Holocaust: Iran in the Great Famine of 1869-1873 by Mohammad Gholi Majd". Middle East Journal. 72 (2): 353. "Historian Mohammad Gholi Majd draws attention to one of the most significant, yet often overlooked events in Iranian history in his third and most recent addition to his series on historical famines in Iran. Using a variety of primary sources, Majd provides a a detailed history of the largely forgotten catastrophe... A Victorian Holocaust is an ideal selection for those looking to examine one of the deadliest disasters of the 19th century through an original, historical, and perhaps controversial lens, in addition to readers who enjoyed Majd's first two books in the series."
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