Monarcha
| Monarcha | |
|---|---|
| |
| Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Monarchidae |
| Genus: | Monarcha Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Monarcha is a genus of bird in the family Monarchidae. They are found in Australia and Melanesia.
Taxonomy and systematics[]
The genus Monarcha was introduced by naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827 with the black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) as the type species.[1][2] The genus formerly included many more species. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 nineteen species were moved to the resurrected genus Symposiachrus and three to Carterornis.[3][4]
Extant species[]
The genus Monarcha contains the following nine species:[4]
- Rufous monarch (Monarcha rubiensis)
- Island monarch (Monarcha cinerascens)
- Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis)
- Black-winged monarch (Monarcha frater)
- Bougainville monarch (Monarcha erythrostictus)
- Chestnut-bellied monarch (Monarcha castaneiventris)
- White-capped monarch (Monarcha richardsii)
- Yap monarch (Monarcha godeffroyi)
- Tinian monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)
Former species[]
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Monarcha:
- Black-naped monarch (as Monarcha azurea)[5]
- Rarotonga monarch (as Monarches dimidiatus)[6]
- Marquesan monarch (as Monarcha Mendozae)[7]
- Black monarch (as Monarcha axillaris)[8]
- Black-bibbed monarch (as Monarcha mundus)[9]
- Flores monarch (as Monarcha sacerdotum)[10]
- Black-chinned monarch (as Monarcha boanensis)[11]
- Spectacled monarch (as Monarcha trivirgatus)[12]
- Spectacled monarch (Seram) (as Monarcha nigrimentum)[13]
- Spectacled monarch (bernsteinii) (as Monarcha bernsteini)[14]
- Spectacled monarch (melanopterus) (as Monarcha melanoptera)[15]
- Spectacled monarch (albiventris) (as Monarcha albiventris)[16]
- Spectacled monarch (gouldii) (as Monarcha gouldii)[17]
- White-tailed monarch (as Monarcha leucurus)[18]
- White-tipped monarch (as Monarcha everetti)[19]
- Kofiau monarch (as Monarcha julianae)[20]
- Biak monarch (as Monarcha brehmii)[21]
- Manus monarch (as Monarcha infelix)[22]
- Mussau monarch (as Monarcha menckei)[23]
- Black-tailed monarch (as Monarcha verticalis)[24]
- Djaul monarch (as Monarcha ateralba)[25]
- Solomons monarch (as Monarcha barbata)[26]
- Malaita monarch (as Monarcha malaitae)[27]
- Kolombangara monarch (as Monarcha browni or Monarcha kulambangrae)[28]
- Kolombangara monarch (nigrotectus) (as Monarcha nigrotectus)[29]
- White-collared monarch (as Monarcha vidua or Monarcha viduus)[30]
- White-eared monarch (as Monarcha leucotis)[31]
- White-naped monarch (as Monarcha pileatus)[32]
- White-naped monarch (buruensis) (as Monarcha buruensis)[33]
- Tanimbar monarch (as Monarcha castus)[34]
- Golden monarch (as Monarcha chrysomela)[35]
- Golden monarch (aruensis) (as Monarcha aruensis)[36]
- Golden monarch (melanonotus) (as Monarcha melanonotus)[37]
- Golden monarch (kordensis) (as Monarcha kordensis)[38]
- Ochre-collared monarch (as Monarcha insularis)[39]
- Shining flycatcher (as Monarcha alecto)[40]
- Velvet flycatcher (as Monarcha hebetior)[41]
References[]
- ^ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 [254–255]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. The title page is dated 1826.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 500.
|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Filardi, C.E.; Smith, C.E. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetics of monarch flycatchers (genus Monarcha) with emphasis on Solomon Island endemics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 776–788. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.007. PMID 16291094.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Monarchs". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ Harrison, John; Worfolk, Tim (2011-01-27). A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199585663.
- ^ "Pomarea dimidiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Pomarea mendozae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Symposiachrus axillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ^ "Symposiachrus mundus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus sacerdotum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus boanensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus nigrimentum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus bernsteinii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus melanopterus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus albiventris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus gouldii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus leucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus everetti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus loricatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus brehmii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus infelix - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus menckei - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis ateralbus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus barbatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Symposiachrus malaitae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103713884A104089936. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103713884A104089936.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni nigrotectus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Symposiachrus vidua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Carterornis leucotis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus buruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis castus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela aruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela melanonotus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela kordensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Arses insularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Myiagra alecto - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
- ^ "Myiagra hebetior - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
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