Mongolian calendar
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The traditional Mongol calendar (Mongolian: цаглабар, Tsaglabar or цаг тооны бичиг, Tsag toony bichig) is a lunisolar calendar based on Tegus Buyantu zurkhai[1] system developed in 1747 by monk Ishbaljir (Сүмбэ хамбо Ишбалжир, Sümbe khambo Ishbaljir; 1704–1788). The Mongol year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months, each beginning and ending with a new moon. A thirteenth month is added every two or three years, so that an average year is equal to the solar year.
The Mongol traditional new year celebration is Tsagaan Sar which is celebrated at the second new moon following the winter solstice. In 2022, the second new moon was on Feb 1st in Mongolia. [citation needed]
In modern Mongolia, the Gregorian calendar is used, with the traditional calendar only used for traditional celebrations and events based on the calendar.
The European system of chronology is called Аргын тоолол (Argyn Toolol, chronology of method) and the Mongol system of chronology is called Билгийн тоолол (Bilgiin Toolol, chronology of wisdom).
Argyn Toolol[]
Months[]
The twelve months of the year are referred to by their number, such as first month, second month, and so on.
| Number | English name | Mongolian name | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | January | Нэгдүгээр сар | Negdügeer sar |
| 2 | February | Хоёрдугаар сар | Hoyordugaar sar |
| 3 | March | Гуравдугаар сар | Guravdugaar sar |
| 4 | April | Дөрөвдүгээр сар | Dörövdugeer sar |
| 5 | May | Тавдугаар сар | Tavdugaar sar |
| 6 | June | Зургадугаар сар | Zurgadugaar sar |
| 7 | July | Долоодугаар сар | Doloodugaar sar |
| 8 | August | Наймдугаар сар | Naimdugaar sar |
| 9 | September | Есдүгээр сар | Yösdügeer sar |
| 10 | October | Аравдугаар сар | Aravdugaar sar |
| 11 | November | Арван нэгдүгээр сар | Arvan negdügeer sar |
| 12 | December | Арван хоёрдугаар сар | Arvan hoyordugaar sar |
Days of the week[]
In colloquial usage, the first 5 days of the week are referred to as first day, second day, etc. Saturday is referred to as Hagas sain ödör (translation: half-good day), and Sunday is referred to as Büten sain ödör (translation: full good day), a result of 5 full working days and Saturday as a half working day during the communist era.
The names of Tibetan origin are used in more formal settings, and almost exclusively in written documents, while the Sanskrit names are practically absent in modern usage.
| Number | Colloquial | Pronunciation | Tibetan origin | Pronunciation | Sanskrit origin | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Нэг дахь өдөр | Neg dakhi ödör | Даваа гараг(Сар) | Davaa | Сумъяа | Sumiyaa |
| 2 | Хоёр дахь өдөр | Hoyor dakhi ödör | Мягмар гараг | Myagmar garig | Ангараг | Angarag |
| 3 | Гурав дахь өдөр | Gurav dakhi ödör | Лхагва гараг | Lkhagva garig | Буд | Bud |
| 4 | Дөрөв дэх өдөр | Döröv dakhi ödör | Пүрэв гараг | Pürev garig | Бархасбадь | Barkhasbadi |
| 5 | Тав дахь өдөр | Tav dakhi ödör | Баасан гараг | Baasan garig | Сугар | Sughar |
| 6 | Хагас сайн өдөр | Khagas sain ödör | Бямба гараг | Byamba garig | Санчир | Sanchir |
| 7 | Бүтэн сайн өдөр | Büten sain ödör | Ням гараг(Нар) | Nyam garig | Адъяа | Adiya |
See also[]
Footnotes[]
- ^ Zurkhai (from the verb zur - draw) is a system of knowledge embracing mathematics, astronomy and astrology
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