Monochamus
| Monochamus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Monochamus galloprovincialis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | Monochamus Dejean, 1821 |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Monochamus is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifers[1] such as pines. They are the type genus of the Monochamini, a tribe in the huge long-horned beetle subfamily Lamiinae, but typically included in the Lamiini today.
If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage.[2] Some species are known to transport phoretic Bursaphelenchus nematodes, including B. xylophilus which causes pine wilt disease.[3]
Taxonomy[]
The genus is very large, and its boundaries have varied considerably over time, with many species placed in this genus that have long since been removed, and species placed in other genera that have been added, and there are at least 20 subgenera presently recognized by most authorities.[4]
Species[]
Notable sawyer (M. notatus)
Spotted pine sawyer (M. maculosus)
- Holzschuh, 2015
- Monochamus accri (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus adamitus Thomson, 1857
- Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus alboapicalis (Pic, 1934)
- Monochamus alboscutellaris Breuning, 1977
- Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842 – Japanese pine sawyer beetle
- Monochamus aparus (Jordan, 1903)
- Monochamus asiaticus (Hayashi, 1962)
- Breuning, 1935
- Gilmour, 1956
- Monochamus balteatus Aurivillius, 1903
- Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus basigranulatus Breuning, 1952
- Breuning, 1952
- Monochamus benito (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Breuning, 1948
- Monochamus bimaculatus Gahan, 1888
- Monochamus binigricollis Breuning, 1965
- Breuning, 1959
- Monochamus blairi (Breuning, 1936)
- Monochamus bootangensis Breuning, 1947
- Breuning, 1959
- Monochamus buquetii (Thomson, 1858) [= tuberosus]
- Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus camerunensis Aurivillius, 1903
- Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier, 1792) – Carolina sawyer
- Monochamus clamator (LeConte, 1852) – spotted pine sawyer
- Monochamus conradti Breuning, 1961
- Monochamus convexicollis Gressitt, 1942
- Monochamus dayremi Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus densepunctatus Breuning, 1980
- (Fabricius, 1793)
- Thomson, 1857
- (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus dubius (Gahan, 1894)
- Monochamus fisheri Breuning, 1944
- Monochamus flavosignatus Breuning, 1947
- Breuning, 1935
- Holzschuh, 2015
- Breuning, 1961
- Monochamus foveolatus Hintz, 1911 [= unicolor]
- (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) – black pine sawyer or timberman beetle
- Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus grandis Waterhouse, 1881
- Monochamus granulipennis Breuning, 1949
- Monochamus gravidus (Pascoe, 1858)
- Monochamus griseoplagiatus Thomson, 1858 [= ochraceomaculatus]
- Monochamus guerryi Pic, 1903
- Monochamus guttulatus Gressitt, 1951
- Monochamus impluviatus Motschulsky, 1859
- Monochamus inexpectatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus irrorator (Chevrolat, 1855) [= plumbeus, ruficornis]
- Monochamus itzingeri Breuning, 1935
- Nonfried, 1894
- Monochamus karlitzingeri Tavakilian & Jiroux, 2015
- (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Heyrovský, 1955
- Monochamus kinabaluensis Hüdepohl, 1996
- Breuning, 1938
- Jordan, 1903
- Lepesme & Breuning, 1952
- Breuning, 1944
- Breuning, 1956
- (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus lunifer (Aurivillius, 1891)
- Monochamus luteodispersus Pic, 1927
- Monochamus maculosus Haldeman, 1847 [= mutator] – spotted pine sawyer
- Monochamus marmorator Kirby in Richardson, 1837 – balsam fir sawyer
- Monochamus maruokai Hayashi, 1962
- Monochamus masaoi Kusama & Takakuwa, 1984
- Monochamus mausoni Breuning, 1950
- Lepesme & Breuning, 1953
- Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus melaleucus Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus mexicanus (Breuning, 1950)
- Monochamus millegranus Bates, 1891
- Monochamus murinus (Gahan, 1888)
- Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus Breuning, 1981
- Gressitt, 1942
- Monochamus nigromaculicollis Breuning, 1974
- Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus nigrovittatus Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus nitens Bates, 1884
- Monochamus notatus (Drury, 1773) – northeastern sawyer or notable sawyer[5]
- Monochamus obtusus Casey, 1891 – obtuse sawyer
- Breuning, 1960
- Monochamus ochreopunctatus Breuning, 1980
- Breuning, 1959
- Monochamus ochreosticticus Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus olivaceus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus omias Jordan, 1903 [= africanus]
- Báguena, 1952
- Monochamus pheretes (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus pictor (Bates, 1884)
- Breuning, 1956
- Monochamus pseudotuberosus Breuning, 1936
- Monochamus quadriplagiatus Breuning, 1935
- Holzschuh, 2015
- Monochamus regularis (Aurivillius, 1924)
- Monochamus reticulatus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Gilmour, 1956
- Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2015
- Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2014
- Monochamus ruspator (Fabricius, 1781)
- Monochamus saltuarius Gebler, 1830 – Sakhalin pine beetle
- Monochamus sargi (Bates, 1885)
- Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787) [incl. subspecies urussovii] – black fir sawyer
- Monochamus scabiosus (Quedenfeldt, 1882) [= centralis]
- Monochamus scutellatus (Say, 1824) – white-spotted sawyer or spruce sawyer[6]
- Báguena, 1952
- (Pic, 1925)
- Monochamus serratus (Gahan, 1906)
- Monochamus shembaganurensis Breuning, 1979
- Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus sparsutus Fairmaire, 1889
- Monochamus spectabilis (Perroud, 1855)
- Monochamus strandi Breuning, 1939
- Monochamus stuhlmanni Kolbe, 1894
- Breuning, 1967
- Breuning, 1950
- Monochamus subfasciatus (Bates, 1873) [= fascioguttatus]
- Breuning, 1974
- Monochamus subtriangularis Breuning, 1971
- Monochamus sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) – pine sawyer
- Mitono, 1943
- Monochamus talianus Pic, 1912
- Monochamus thoas (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus thomsoni (Chevrolat, 1855)
- Monochamus titillator (Fabricius, 1775) – southern pine sawyer
- Monochamus tonkinensis Breuning, 1935
- Gilmour, 1956
- Monochamus triangularis Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus tridentatus Chevrolat, 1833
- Monochamus tropicalis (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus vagus (Gahan, 1888)
- Monochamus variegatus (Aurivillius, 1925)
- Monochamus verticalis (Fairmaire, 1901)
- Breuning, 1960
- Monochamus x-fulvum Bates, 1884
Gallery[]
Three pictures of two separate sawyers found in a planting of Scots pines in Kansas.
References[]
- ^ The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008): Genus Monochamus. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ^ Douglas Allen, "Sawyer Beetles", New York Forest Owner, May 1994
- ^ Kansas State University Extension Horticulture (KSU-EH) (2005): Pine Wilt Archived 14 August 1997 at archive.today. Version of 28 February 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ^ Monochamus
- ^ John Acorn and Ian Sheldon. Bugs of Ontario. Edmonton, AB:Lone Pine Publ., 2003.
- ^ Spruce Sawyer, Insects of Alberta
External links[]
Media related to Monochamus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Monochamus at Wikispecies- "Genus Monochamus - Sawyers". BugGuide. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- "Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species"
Categories:
- Monochamus
- Lamiini