Monroe County, New York

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Monroe, New York.

Coordinates: 43°18′N 77°41′W / 43.30°N 77.69°W / 43.30; -77.69

Monroe County
County
Monroe County Office Building
Monroe County Office Building
Flag of Monroe County
Flag
Official seal of Monroe County
Seal
Map of New York highlighting Monroe County
Location within the U.S. state of New York
Map of the United States highlighting New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 43°18′N 77°41′W / 43.3°N 77.69°W / 43.3; -77.69
Country United States
State New York
FoundedFebruary 23, 1821
Named forJames Monroe
SeatRochester
Largest cityRochester
Government
 • County ExecutiveAdam Bello (D)
Area
 • Total1,367 sq mi (3,540 km2)
 • Land657 sq mi (1,700 km2)
 • Water710 sq mi (1,800 km2)  52%
Population
 • Total759,443 Increase
 • Density1,155.9/sq mi (446.3/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts25th, 27th
Websitewww.monroecounty.gov

Monroe County is a county in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. The county is along Lake Ontario's southern shore. As of 2020, Monroe County's population was 759,443, an increase since the 2010 census.[1] Its county seat and largest city is the city of Rochester.[2] The county is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States.[3] Monroe County is part of the Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The current County Executive is Adam Bello.

History[]

When counties were established in the Province of New York in 1683, the present Monroe County was part of Albany County. This was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766 by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770 by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now in Vermont.

On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. One of the other pieces, Tryon County, contained the western portion (and thus, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically still extended west to the Pacific). The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately five miles west of the present city of Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the Delaware River. The area then designated as Tryon County now includes 37 counties of New York State. The county was named for William Tryon, colonial governor of New York.

In the years prior to 1776, most of the Loyalists in Tryon County fled to Canada. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, the name of Tryon County was changed to Montgomery County in order to honor the general, Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec, replacing the name of the hated British governor.

In 1789, Ontario County was split off from Montgomery. The actual area split off from Montgomery County was much larger than the present county, also including the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Orleans, Steuben, Wyoming, Yates, and part of Schuyler and Wayne counties.

Genesee County was created by a splitting of Ontario County in 1802. This was much larger than the present Genesee County, however. It contained the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Niagara, Orleans, Wyoming, and portions of Livingston and Monroe counties.

Finally, Monroe County was formed from parts of Genesee and Ontario counties in 1821.

Geography[]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county's total area is 1,367 square miles (3,540 km2), of which 657 square miles (1,700 km2) is land and 710 square miles (1,800 km2) (52%) is water.[4]

Monroe County is in Western New York State's northern tier, northeast of Buffalo and northwest of Syracuse. The northern county line is also the state line and the border of the United States, marked by Lake Ontario. Monroe County is north of the Finger Lakes.

Adjacent counties[]

  • Wayne County - east
  • Ontario County - southeast
  • Livingston County - south
  • Orleans County - west
  • Genesee County - southwest

Major highways[]

Government and politics[]

Presidential election results

County government[]

Monroe County was chartered as a municipal corporation by the New York State Legislature in 1892[6] and re-chartered under New York's Municipal Home Rule Law in 1965.[7]

Executive branch[]

The county's executive branch is headed by the County Executive, Adam Bello.[8][9] The executive's office is on the first floor of the County Office Building on West Main Street in Rochester. The County Clerk is Jamie Romeo.

The county was exclusively governed by a Board of Supervisors for the first 114 years of its history. In 1935, the position of County Manager, appointed by the Board, was approved by popular referendum.[10] In 1983, the position was replaced by a County Executive, directly elected by popular vote, with expanded powers (e.g., veto).[11] In 1993, the legislature enacted term limits for the executive office of 12 consecutive years to start in 1996.[12]

Monroe County Executives
Name Title Party Term
Clarence A. Smith County Manager Republican January 1, 1936 – December 31, 1959
Gordon A. Howe County Manager Republican January 1, 1960 – December 31, 1971
Lucien A. Morin County Manager
County Executive		 Republican January 18, 1972 – December 31, 1982
January 1, 1983 – December 31, 1986
Thomas R. Frey County Executive Democrat January 1, 1987 – December 31, 1991
Robert L. King County Executive Republican January 1, 1992 – January 14, 1995
John D. "Jack" Doyle County Executive Republican January 14, 1995 – December 31, 2003
Maggie Brooks County Executive Republican January 1, 2004 – December 31, 2015
Cheryl L. Dinolfo County Executive Republican January 1, 2016 – December 31, 2019
Adam J. Bello County Executive Democrat January 1, 2020 –

Legislative branch[]

The county's legislative branch consists of a 29-member County Legislature which replaced the earlier 43-member Board of Supervisors on January 1, 1967.[10] It meets in the Legislative Chambers on the fourth floor of the County Office Building. All 29 members of the Legislature are elected from districts. District Maps Currently, there are 15 Republicans, 10 members in the Democratic caucus, and 4 members in the independent Black & Asian Democratic Caucus. The President of the Legislature is Dr. Joe Carbone. In 1993, the Legislature enacted term limits of 10 consecutive years to start in 1996.[12] Legislators can return to the office after not being in the Legislature for a term. Since the enacting of term limits, as of 2021 three Legislators (Karla Boyce, Calvin Lee, Jr., and Robert Colby) returned after previously being term limited; Boyce was re-elected again three times while Lee and Colby were appointed to fill vacancies.

Judicial branch[]

  • Monroe County Court
  • Monroe County Family Court, for matters involving children
  • Monroe County Surrogates Court, for matters involving the deceased
  • Rochester City Court

Representation at the federal level[]

After redistricting based on the 2010 United States Census, Monroe County was split between two congressional districts:

District Areas of Monroe County Congressperson Party First took office Residence
New York's 25th congressional district All of Monroe County except those portions represented by the 27th district[13] Joseph D. Morelle Democratic 2018 Irondequoit, Monroe County
New York's 27th congressional district Hamlin, Mendon, Rush, Wheatland, and the southwest corner of Clarkson[14] Chris Jacobs Republican 2020 Orchard Park, Erie County

Representation at the state level[]

New York State Senate[]

After redistricting based on the 2010 United States Census, Monroe County was split between six state senate districts:

District Areas of Monroe County Senator Party First took office Residence
54 Webster[15] Pam Helming Republican 2017 Canandaigua, Ontario County
55 Northeastern[16] Samra Brouk Democratic 2021 Rochester, Monroe County
56 Northwestern[17] Jeremy Cooney Democratic 2021 Rochester, Monroe County
59 Henrietta, Wheatland[18] Patrick M. Gallivan Republican 2011 Elma, Erie County
61 Chili, Riga, southern part of the City of Rochester[19] Republican 2021 Amherst, Erie County
62 Ogden, Sweden[20] Robert Ortt Republican 2015 North Tonawanda, Niagara County

New York State Assembly[]

After redistricting based on the 2010 United States Census, Monroe County was split between seven state assembly districts:

District Areas of Monroe County Assemblyperson Party First took office Residence
133 Mendon, Pittsford, Riga, Rush, Wheatland[21] Marjorie Byrnes Republican 2019 Caledonia, Livingston County
134 Greece, Ogden, Parma[22] Josh Jensen Republican 2021 Greece, Monroe County
135 East Rochester, Penfield, Perinton, Webster[23] Jennifer Lunsford Democratic 2021 Webster, Monroe County
136 Brighton, Irondequoit, northwest portion and easternmost tip of the City of Rochester[24] Sarah Clark Democratic 2021 Rochester, Monroe County
137 Gates, center of the City of Rochester[25] Demond Meeks Democratic 2021 Rochester, Monroe County
138 Chili, Henrietta, parts of the City of Rochester[26] Harry B. Bronson Democratic 2011 Rochester, Monroe County
139 Clarkson, Hamlin, Sweden[27] Stephen M. Hawley Republican 2006 Batavia, Genesee County

Courts[]

Monroe County is part of

Economy[]

Monroe County is a home to a number of international businesses, including Eastman Kodak,[28] Paychex,[29] and Pictometry International,[30] all of which make Monroe County their world headquarters. While no longer headquartered in Rochester, Xerox has its principal offices and manufacturing facilities in Monroe County (Xerox 2010 Annual Report), and Bausch and Lomb was headquartered in Rochester until it was acquired by Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Monroe County is also home to regional businesses such as Wegmans,[31] Roberts Communications, Inc.,[32] Holding Corp.,[33] and major fashion label Hickey Freeman.[34]

High technology[]

Further information: Tech Valley

Tech Valley, the technologically recognized area of eastern New York State, has spawned a western offshoot into the Rochester, Monroe County, and Finger Lakes areas of New York State. Since the 2000s, as the more established companies in Rochester downsized, the economy of Rochester and Monroe County has been redirected toward high technology, with new, smaller companies providing the seed capital necessary for business foundation. The Rochester and Monroe County area is important in the field of photographic processing and imaging as well as incubating an increasingly diverse high technology sphere encompassing STEM fields, in part the result of private startup enterprises collaborating with major academic institutions, including the University of Rochester and Cornell University.[35] Given the high prevalence of imaging and optical science among the industry and the universities, Rochester is known as the world capital of imaging. The Institute of Optics of the University of Rochester and the Rochester Institute of Technology in nearby Henrietta both have imaging programs.[36]

Major Employers:

Several industries occupy a major portion of the jobs located regionally, with healthcare comprising a significant portion of jobs in Monroe County. The U of R (including its numerous hospitals) is the largest employer regionally with over 27,000 workers; Rochester Regional Health (parent company of Rochester General and Unity Hospitals) is the second largest consisting of over 15,000. Wegmans is third with about 13,000 local employees.[37]

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
183049,855—
184064,90230.2%
185087,65035.0%
1860100,64814.8%
1870117,86817.1%
1880144,90322.9%
1890189,58630.8%
1900217,85414.9%
1910283,21230.0%
1920352,03424.3%
1930423,88120.4%
1940438,2303.4%
1950487,63211.3%
1960586,38720.3%
1970711,91721.4%
1980702,238−1.4%
1990713,9681.7%
2000735,3433.0%
2010744,3441.2%
2020759,4432.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[38]
1790-1960[39] 1900-1990[40]
1990-2000[41] 2010-2020[1]

As of the census of 2000, there were 735,343 people, 286,512 households, and 184,513 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,115 people per square mile (431/km2). There were 304,388 housing units at an average density of 462 per square mile (178/km2). The county's racial makeup was 79.14% White, 13.75% African American, 0.27% Native American, 2.44% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.44% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.31% of the population. 18.6% were of Italian, 15.3% German, 11.3% Irish and 8.3% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 4.64% of the population reported speaking Spanish at home, while 1.43% speak Italian.[42]

There were 286,512 households, out of which 31.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.40% were married couples living together, 13.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.60% were non-families. 28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.60% under the age of 18, 9.50% from 18 to 24, 29.30% from 25 to 44, 22.60% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 93.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $44,891, and the median income for a family was $55,900. Males had a median income of $41,279 versus $29,553 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,821. About 8.20% of families and 11.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.50% of those under age 18 and 7.40% of those age 65 or over.

Education[]

Primary and secondary education[]

The public school system educates the overwhelming majority of Monroe County's children. The schools operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester or Roman Catholic religious orders educate the next largest segment of children, although collectively, they are a distant second.

Public schools[]

There are some 26 public school districts that serve Monroe County, including the Rochester City School District, 10 suburban school districts in Monroe #1 BOCES, seven in Monroe #2–Orleans BOCES, and several primarily serving other counties (Avon, Byron–Bergen, Caledonia–Mumford, Holley, Wayne, Williamson and Victor central school districts).[43]

Public school districts in 2016–2017[44]
Name BOCES Established District population Professional staff Support staff Median teacher salary Enrollment Budget Per pupil cost
Brighton Central School District Monroe #1 1966 26450 372 293 $63580 3681 $74.0 million $18444
Brockport Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1927 30000 356 362 $59971 3411 $78.9 million $23128
Churchville-Chili Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1950 30000 350 322 $59752 3845 $82.6 million $21523
East Irondequoit Central School District Monroe #1 1956 27000 335 352 $56447 3145 $76.3 million $24257
East Rochester Union Free School District Monroe #1 1920 8200 125 91 $53829 1179 $27.4 million $23282
Fairport Central School District Monroe #1 1951 40000 645 516 $65630 5905 $123.3 million $20874
Gates Chili Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1956 35000 451 402 $61423 4123 $100.8 million $24459
Greece Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1928 96000 1127 1249 $72100 11094 $221.2 million $19941
Hilton Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1949 25323 421 367 $60407 4452 $80.0 million $17965
Holley Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1949 7774 125 87 $53366 1051 $24.4 million $23216
Honeoye Falls-Lima Central School District Monroe #1 1969 10500 219 205 $62074 2212 $48.5 million $19542
Kendall Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1957 3000 86 76 $53551 704 $17.4 million $22269
Penfield Central School District Monroe #1 1948 31000 438 477 $61612 4564 $93.3 million $20445
Pittsford Central School District Monroe #1 1946 33000 575 656 $67848 5685 $125.5 million $22280
Rochester City School District None 1841 209000 5786 (total) 5786 (total) $61617 30217 $864.7 million $21546
Rush-Henrietta Central School District Monroe #1 1947 46000 613 603 $63344 5247 $119.9 million $22838
Spencerport Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1949 23000 408 351 $62348 3584 $77.1 million $21521
Webster Central School District Monroe #1 1948 54093 801 631 $66408 8549 $163.9 million $19167
West Irondequoit Central School District Monroe #1 1953 23754 344 258 $59855 3568 $71.2 million $19916
Wheatland–Chili Central School District Monroe #2–Orleans 1955 5100 80 63 $54967 691 $17.8 million $23837

Private schools[]

There are three private schools that serve more than 200 students each:

  • Allendale Columbia School, a college preparatory school in Pittsford
  • The Harley School, a college preparatory school in Brighton
  • Mary Cariola Children's Center serving children with multiple, complex disabilities in the city

There is one small, but historically significant school: Rochester School for the Deaf in the city

Parochial schools[]

  • There are three small Judaic schools and two small Islamic schools.
  • There are about ten primary schools operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester.
  • There are four senior high schools (or combined junior/senior high schools) operated by or in the tradition of a Roman Catholic religious order:
School Founding religious order Location Established Grades
Aquinas Institute Basilian City of Rochester 1902 6–12
Bishop Kearney High School Christian Brothers, Sisters of Notre Dame Irondequoit 1962 6–12
McQuaid Jesuit High School Jesuits Brighton 1954 6–12
Our Lady of Mercy School for Young Women Sisters of Mercy Brighton 1928 6–12
  • There are more than two dozen schools operated by various sects of Christianity, two of which serve more than 200 students:
School Religious affiliation Location Established Grades
The Charles Finney School Non-denominational Christian Penfield 1992 K–12
Northstar Christian Academy Baptist Gates 1972 K–12

Colleges and universities[]

For colleges and universities in the Greater Rochester Area, see Rochester, New York metropolitan area § Colleges and universities.

The county is home to nine colleges and universities:

  • Bryant & Stratton College in Greece and Henrietta
  • Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School in the city
  • Monroe Community College in Brighton with a campus in the city
  • Nazareth College in Pittsford
  • Roberts Wesleyan College in Chili
  • Rochester Institute of Technology in Henrietta
  • St. Bernard's School of Theology and Ministry in Pittsford
  • St. John Fisher College in Pittsford
  • State University of New York at Brockport in Brockport with a campus in the city
  • University of Rochester in the city

Additionally, four colleges maintain satellite campuses in Monroe County:

  • The Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations maintains an office in the city[45]
  • Empire State College maintains the Genesee Valley Learning Center in Irondequoit[46]
  • Ithaca College's Department of Physical Therapy leases part of the Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School facility for teaching and research[47]
  • Medaille College maintains its Rochester Campus in Brighton[48]

Parks[]

County parks[]

Wetlands Trail in Black Creek Park

The following is a list of parks owned and maintained by Monroe County:[49]

State parks[]

The following is a list of parks owned and maintained by New York State:[50]

Communities[]

The town, village, and city borders

Larger Settlements[]

# Location Population Type Area
1 Rochester 211,328 City Inner Rochester
2 Irondequoit 51,692 Town/CDP Inner Rochester
3 Brighton 36,609 CDP Inner Rochester
4 Greece 14,519 CDP Inner Rochester
5 North Gates 9,512 CDP Inner Rochester
6 Brockport 8,366 Village West
7 East Rochester 6,587 Town/Village Inner Rochester
8 Hilton 5,886 Village West
9 Hamlin 5,521 CDP West
10 Webster 5,399 Village Inner Rochester
11 Fairport 5,353 Village Inner Rochester
12 Gates 4,910 CDP Inner Rochester
13 Clarkson 4,358 CDP West
14 Spencerport 3,601 Village West
15 Honeoye Falls 2,674 Village Southwest
16 Scottsville 2,001 Village Southwest
17 Churchville 1,961 Village Southwest
18 Pittsford 1,355 Village Inner Rochester

Towns[]

Hamlets[]

In New York State the term "Hamlet", although not defined in law, is used to describe an unincorporated community and geographic location within a town. The town in which each Hamlet is located is in parenthesis.

  • Genesee Junction (Chili)
  • Egypt (Perinton)
  • Adams Basin (Ogden)
  • Bushnell's Basin (Perinton)
  • Gates Center (Gates)
  • Garbutt (Scottsville)
  • Mumford (Wheatland)
  • Union Hill (Webster)
  • Mendon Center (Mendon)
  • Seabreeze (Irondequoit)
  • Summerville (Irondequoit)
  • Parma Center (Parma)
  • Riga Center (Riga)
  • Sweden Center (Sweden)
  • West Webster (Webster)
  • North Chili (Chili)
  • Clarkson Corners (Clarkson)
  • Clifton (Chili)
  • Industry (Rush)
  • Belcoda (Wheatland)
  • Coldwater (Gates)
  • Barnard (Greece)
  • Beattie Beach (Greece)
  • Braddock Bay (Greece)
  • Braddock Heights (Greece)
  • Elmgrove (Greece)
  • Grandview Heights (Greece)
  • Grand View Beach (Greece)
  • North Greece (Greece)
  • Ridgemont (Greece)
  • West Greece (Greece)

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ There were only 14,919 votes for the leading "other" candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, plus 2,943 for Socialist Eugene Debs, 705 for the Prohibition Party's Eugene Chafin, and 267 for Socialist Labor candidate Arthur Reimer.

References[]

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  45. ^ "Rochester Regional Office". Ithaca, New York: Cornell University. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
  46. ^ "Rochester Location". Saratoga, New York: Empire State College. Archived from the original on 2012-01-23. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
  47. ^ "Rochester Center". Ithaca, New York: Ithaca College. Retrieved 2011-12-21. Ithaca College maintains a teaching and research facility in Rochester, NY on the campus of the Colgate Rochester Crozier Divinity School (CRCDS on South Goodman St. at Highland Ave.) and is affiliated with the University of Rochester and Strong Memorial Hospital.
  48. ^ "Rochester Campus". Buffalo, New York: Medaille College. Archived from the original on 2011-12-31. Retrieved 2011-12-21. We are located at 1880 South Winton Road, situated near Rochester's Outer Loop
  49. ^ "Parks Department Monroe County, NY". MonroeCounty.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
  50. ^ "State Park Search Results". New York State Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2020-11-19.

Further reading[]

  • Sherwood, D.A. (2003). Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1997-99, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin : atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay [Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4221]. Ithaca, NY: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
  • Raines, Thomas; et al. (1895). Landmarks of Monroe County, New York. Boston: The Boston History Company. Retrieved 2013-11-10.
  • Federal Writers' Project. New York (State) (1937). Rochester and Monroe County. Rochester, NY: Scrantom's. Retrieved 2013-11-11.

External links[]

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