Monstera
Monstera | |
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Monstera deliciosa | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Alismatales |
Family: | Araceae |
Subfamily: | Monsteroideae |
Tribe: | Monstereae |
Genus: | Monstera Adans.[1] |
Synonyms[2] | |
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Monstera is a genus of 45 species of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The genus is named from the Latin word for "monstrous" or "abnormal", and refers to the unusual leaves with natural holes that members of the genus have.[3]
They are herbs or evergreen vines, growing to heights of 20 metres (66 ft) in trees, climbing by means of aerial roots which act as hooks over branches; these roots will also grow into the soil to help support the plant. Since the plant roots both into the soil and over trees, it is considered a hemiepiphyte.[4] The leaves are alternate, leathery, dark green, very large, from 25–90 centimetres (9.8–35.4 in) long (up to 130 centimetres (51 in) long in M. dubia) and 15–75 centimetres (5.9–29.5 in) broad, often with holes in the leaf blade. The fenestrated leaves allow for the leaves to spread over greater area to increase sunlight exposure, by using less energy to produce and maintain the leaves.[5] The flowers are borne on a specialised inflorescence called a spadix, 5–45 centimetres (2.0–17.7 in) long; the fruit is a cluster of white berries, edible in some species.
They are commonly grown indoors as houseplants. The best-known representative of the genus, Monstera deliciosa, is also cultivated for its edible fruit which tastes like a combination of banana and pineapple.
Species[]
As of July 2020 Plants of the World Online recognises 51 accepted taxa (of 45 species and 6 infraspecific names):[6][7]
- Matuda
- Monstera acuminata K.Koch – Shingle plant
- Monstera adansonii Schott
- (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
- (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
- (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
- (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
- Croat & M.M.Mora
- Zuluaga & Croat
- Croat
- Croat, Moonen & Poncy
- Rusby
- Croat & Grayum
- Croat
- (Engl. & K.Krause) Croat & Grayum
- Monstera deliciosa Liebm. – Ceriman, Swiss-cheese plant
- (Schott) Croat & Grayum
- Monstera dubia (Kunth) Engl. & K.Krause
- Schott
- Monstera epipremnoides Engl.
- Croat & Grayum
- Croat, T.Krömer & Acebey
- Croat & Grayum
- Engl.
- Zuluaga & Croat
- Croat
- Schott
- Croat & Grayum
- M.Cedeño
- Madison
- Grayum & Karney
- Madison
- Madison
- Croat & Grayum
- Monstera obliqua Miq.
- Madison
- Monstera pinnatipartita Schott
- Engl.
- Croat
- E.G.Gonç. & Temponi
- Monstera punctulata (Schott) Schott ex Engl.
- Monstera siltepecana Matuda
- (Schott) Engl.
- Monstera standleyana G.S.Bunting
- (Schott) Engl.
- K.Koch
- Lundell
- (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Madison
- Croat
- Madison
Previously included:
- Croat
- Croat & Grayum
- Croat
- Croat
- Monstera gigantea (Roxb.) Schott - Epipremnum giganteum (Roxb.) Schott
- Croat
- Croat
Commonly misidentified as Monstera:
- Rhaphidophora tetrasperma
- Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum
References[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monstera. |
Wikispecies has information related to Monstera. |
- ^ "Genus: Monstera Adans". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. 3 M-Q. CRC Press. p. 1723. ISBN 978-0-8493-2677-6.
- ^ Eskov, A. K.; Zhukovskaya, N. V.; Bystrova, E. I.; Orlova, Yu. V.; Antipina, V. A.; Ivanov, V. B. (2016). "Growth of aerial roots with an extensive elongation zone by the example of a hemiepiphyte Monstera deliciosa". Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 63 (6): 822–834. doi:10.1134/S1021443716060042. S2CID 11839082.
- ^ ChoiJan. 22, Charles; 2013; Pm, 4:25 (2013-01-22). "ScienceShot: Why Are There Holes in the Swiss Cheese Plant?". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 2021-05-03.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- ^ "Monstera Adans., Accepted Species". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Monstera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. USDA. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
External links[]
- Monstera
- Araceae genera