Mrs Graham's XI
Mrs Graham's XI was a women's football team formed by Helen Matthews in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1881. It is considered the first British women's football team and a pioneering team in the history of the sport.[1] Because it was not safe for women to play football without harassment, the players used pseudonyms to protect their identities. Matthews, also a goalkeeper for the team, claimed to be "Mrs Graham".[1]
History[]
The first record of the team coming together to play football occurred on 9 May 1881, at Hibernian Park in Edinburgh. The match was billed as a Scotland v England international.[1][2]
Just over a week later, on 20 May 1881,[1] the teams played in Glasgow in front of 5,000 spectators. The match was abandoned in the 55th minute after a violent pitch invasion during which the women were "roughly jostled", and chased by a mob as they left the grounds.[1][2] Further games resulted in similar pitch invasions, which soon resulting in ending this early attempt to introduce women's football.[3]
The press coverage, which would dominate coverage of women's football for the next century, was clearly established in 1881: barely disguised contempt regarding player appearance, including costume, and the standard of play,[2] overlaid with a certainty that football was a rough man's game unsuitable for women.[3]
An attempt to form a new club was made by Matthews[4] with Nettie Honeyball (also a pseudonym) founding the British Ladies' Football Club on 1 January 1895.[3]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ a b c d e Tate, Tim (2013). Girls With Balls: The Secret History of Women's Football. John Blake. ISBN 978-1782196860.
- ^ a b c Domeneghetti, R. (2014) From the Back Page to the Front Room: Football's journey through the English media page 155 Ockley Books. ISBN 1783015586 Retrieved February 2015
- ^ a b c Laycock, S. & Laycock, P. (2014) Unexpected Britain page 199 Amberley Publishing. ISBN 1445632845 Retrieved February 2015
- ^ Tomlinson, A. (2010) A Dictionary of Sports Studies page 490 Oxford University Press. ISBN 019921381X Retrieved February 2015
Further reading[]
- Grainey, Timothy (2012), Beyond Bend It Like Beckham: The Global Phenomenon of Women's Soccer, University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 0803240368
- Lee, James (2008). The Lady Footballers: Struggling to Play in Victorian Britain, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42609-1
- Lopez, Sue (1997). Women on the ball: a guide to women's football, Scarlet Press, ISBN 1857270169
- Tate, Tim (2013). Girls With Balls: The Secret History of Women's Football, John Blake, ISBN 1782196862
- Williams, Jean (2007). A Beautiful Game: International Perspectives on Women's Football, Apex Publishing LLC, ISBN 1847883451
- Feminism and history
- Feminist organisations in Scotland
- Women's football clubs in Scotland
- Politics and sports
- Association football clubs established in 1881
- Football clubs in Edinburgh
- 1881 establishments in Scotland